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Bioremediation of Some Deterioration Products from Sandstone of Archeological Karnak Temple Using Stimulated Irradiated Alkalo-Thermophilic Purified Microbial Enzymes

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GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL 2011年第1期28卷 56-67页

作者： Geweely, Neveen S. I. Afifi, Hala A. M. Cairo Univ Fac Sci Dept Bot Giza 12613 Egypt Cairo Univ Fac Archaeol Conservat Dept Giza 12613 Egypt

The archeological temples of Karnak in Luxor city are the most important records of the history and civilization of Egypt that belonged to the Middle Kingdom to the reign of the Ptolemies. Many parts in Karnak temple are suffering from different types of biological deterioration products (visible fungal colonies, blood drops, and celluloytic wild bees' nests). The deteriorated samples of archeological sandstone of Karnak temple were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) followed by energy dispersed X-ray analyses (EDX), fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (fTIR) investigations, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarizing microscope (PLM). The major component was quartz. In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma reesei against deteriorative isolated fungal species on Karnak Temple stone was carried out. Trichoderma reesei and fusarium oxysporum, a cellulolytic and fibrinolytic microorganism, were subjected to mutagenesis using three types of radiations (UV, gamma and laser radiation). Stimulation of cellulytic and fibrinolytic microbial enzymes were obtained after 5- and 7.5-min exposure times to laser irradiation in absence of the photosensitizer, respectively. Cellulolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes recovered from non-irradiated and irradiated microbial cells were purified to homogeneity by salting out with ammonium sulphate, dialysis and chromatography through (Sephadex G-200, Sephadex G-100 and diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns) and test for purity by simple polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique was carried out. The enzymes recovered from irradiated hyper-producing mutant microbes was found more efficient accompanied with low molecular weights compared with the non-irradiated purified enzymes. Characterization of the irradiated purified efficient enzymes revealed that the enzymes were alkalo-thermophilic.

关键词： temples of Karnak Bioremediation T reesei f oxysporum wild bees' nests bat drops radiation enzyme purification

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five new pregnane glycosides from the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima

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JOURNAL Of ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011年第6期13卷 477-485页

作者： Xia, Zeng-Hua Mao, Shi-Long Lao, Ai-Na Uzawa, Jun Yoshida, Shigeo fujimoto, Yasuo Shanghai Xuhui Cent Hosp Dept Pharm Shanghai 200031 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Biol Sci Inst Mat Med Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China RIKEN Inst Phys & Chem Res Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Nihon Univ Coll Pharm Chiba 2748555 Japan

Activity-guided fractionation of the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima led to the isolation of five new pregnane glycosides, namely marstenacissides E (1), f (2), G (3), H (4), and I (5). Their structures were determined... 详细信息

关键词： Marsdenia tenacissima Asclepiadaceae pregnane glycoside Marstenacissides E f G H I

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Perceptions of Houston Law Enforcement Personnel on Methamphetamine Trafficking Patterns during Changing Economic Climates

Perceptions of Houston Law Enforcement Personnel on Methamph...

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作者： Graham, Tonya N. Northcentral University

学位级别：D.B.A.

The economic downfall has negatively affected local communities, neighborhoods, and businesses throughout the United States as a consequence of high unemployment rates, collapse of the housing market and financial cutbacks. The distribution of methamphetamine by drug traffickers has been a continual problem and an economic crisis may be used as a tool by drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) to thwart law enforcement. The focus of this phenomenological study was limited to law enforcement personnel who work in the Greater Houston, Texas metropolitan area. Twelve federal, state and local law enforcement supervisors and field workers participated in the study. Qualitative phenomenological data was used to explore the participant's proximal knowledge of methamphetamine trafficking. The timeframe chosen to be studied was 2005-2008, as compared to 2009-2010. In 2005, signs of an unstable economy surfaced and by mid-2008 the onset of the crisis peaked. The economic downturn continued until 2009 when it ended and since 2010, the economy overall has tried to remain stable and not endure further economic instability. The study collected data through face-to-face interviews which were transcribed and coded using Nvivo 8 qualitative analysis software. five themes emerged from the participant's insight of this phenomenon which are (a) methamphetamine trafficking is more dependent on importing in 2009-2010, than it was in 2005-2008, (b) due to the increase of Mexican cartel involvement, drug-related violence has increased in 2009-2010, in comparison to 2005-2008, (c) legislation reduced the number of domestic producers of methamphetamine in 2005-2008, as compared to 2009-2010, (d) drug prevention programs are neither prevalent nor effective, and (e) rehabilitation programs are not successful due to methamphetamine's addictive qualities and irreversible effects. The findings revealed that participants believed methamphetamine trafficking has increased since 2005-2008, as compared

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E d u c a t i o n , H o u s t o n , L a w e n f o r c e m e n t ,

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Two Essays in Islamic finance and Investment

Two Essays in Islamic Finance and Investment

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作者： Merdad, Hesham Jamil Mahmoud Mohamed University of New Orleans

学位级别：Ph.D.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to lessen the gap in the Islamic finance and investment literature by providing new answers to the most vital question raised in that literature: Is the adherence to the Shariah law associated with at any cost? The first chapter provides a primer on Islamic finance. It discusses several restrictions and necessary adaptations that must be made to have a Shariah-compliant product. The takeaway is that Shariah law mandates is related to fundamentals and, thus has a direct effect on the risk-return profile of all sorts of different products. This is referred to as the “Islamic-effect.” The second chapter investigates that Islamic-effect in a cross-sectional stock return context. This is done in two steps. first, looking at differences in stock returns between Islamic and conventional firms in Saudi Arabia during the period from January 2003 to April 2011. Results indicate that there is a negative relationship between Saudi Islamic firms and average returns. This is referred to as the “negative Islamic-effect.” Second, examine whether that negative Islamic-effect is considered a common, systematic, and undiversified risk factor that affects cross-sectional expected stock returns. Time-series regressions results indicate that the Islamic risk factor (CMI) does indeed capture strong common variation in Saudi stock returns regardless what is included in the model. Also, findings suggest that using a four-factor model that controls for the Islamic-effect is more appropriate than using a single- or a three-factor model in Islamic finance applications that require estimates of expected stock returns. The third chapter investigates the Islamic-effect in a mutual fund context. A unique sample of 143 Saudi mutual funds (96-Islamic and 47-conventional) is used to assess the performance and riskiness of Saudi Islamic funds relative to Saudi conventional funds and relative to different Islamic and conventional indices for the period from July

关键词： S h a r i a h l a w , I s l a m i c f i n a n c e , I s l a m i c r i s k f a c t o r , I s

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An exploration of the experiences of members of law enforcement tactical teams

An exploration of the experiences of members of law enforcem...

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作者： Brimo, Eric M. Capella University

学位级别：Ph.D.

There has been a great deal of controversy surrounding the growth of military style law enforcement tactical units, commonly referred to as Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams; however few empirical research studies have been conducted that examine how law enforcement officers belonging to these teams perceive this growing trend. SWAT teams and other similar military-style teams are now being used in over 90 percent of local, state and federal law enforcement agencies. This research study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the experiences of law enforcement officers through a phenomenological methodology in order to determine their understandings, perceptions, and feelings towards the influence of the military in their tactics. The results of the study found participants agreed with the use of military-influenced tactics, equipment, and strategies as a means of reducing the risks and dangers associated with resolving critical incidents in law enforcement.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , T a c t i c a l t e a m s , C r i m i n a l j u s t i c e , f e

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Individuals' formal Power and Their Social Network Accuracy

Individuals' Formal Power and Their Social Network Accuracy

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作者： Marineau, Joshua Eric University of Kentucky

学位级别：Ph.D.

Previous research has suggested that individuals differ in their accuracy of perceptions of the social environment, and some research suggests that powerful individuals in particular tend to be lazy, disinterested observers of the social world. A handful of field studies and lab experiments linking power with individuals’ perceptions of others’ social networks have generally supported this view. However, recent theory addressing the psychological consequences of power for the power-holder claim that in certain circumstances and for some kinds of social information, power is linked to increased accuracy of social information. This dissertation tests this idea by drawing on social network theory and the situated focus theory of power. I examine the relationship between individuals’ formal power and their perceptual accuracy of social network relationships. I propose that individuals’ perceptual accuracy is affected by 1) their formal power in the organization 2) the type of relationship being perceived (expressive/instrumental, positive/negative), and 3) the dependence relationship with the target of perception (whether the perceiver is dependent on the perceived to get their work done). Predictions were tested using cognitive social network data collected from a call center within a division of a large corporation in the US. Results showed that formal power was linked to increased accuracy for some relationship content (particularly negative expressive relationships), and managers tend to be more accurate when perceiving their own incoming relationships than non-managers.

关键词： f o r m a l P o w e r , S o c i a l N e t w o r k A n a l y s i s , N e t w o r k P e r c e

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Relationship between Elevated Arterial Stiffness and Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Adolescents and Young Adults

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JOURNAL Of PEDIATRICS 2011年第5期158卷 715-721页

作者： Urbina, Elaine M. Dolan, Lawrence M. McCoy, Connie E. Khoury, Philip R. Daniels, Stephen R. Kimball, Thomas R. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Dept Pediat Cincinnati OH 45229 USA Univ Colorado Denver Sch Med Dept Pediat Aurora CO USA Univ Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Objective To determine whether arterial stiffness relates to left ventricular mass (LVM) in adolescents and young adults. Study design Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, echo, carotid ultrasound and arterial stiffness data were obtained in 670 subjects 10 to 24 years of age (35% male, 62% non-Caucasian). Global stiffness index (GSI) was calculated from five measures of carotid artery stiffness, augmentation index, brachial distensibility, and pulse wave velocity (1 point if >= 95th% for subjects with body mass index <85th%). Stiff arteries (S = 73) were defined as GSI >= 95th%. Differences between flexible (f = 597) and S groups were evaluated by t tests. Models were constructed to determine whether GSI was an independent determinant of LVM index or relative wall thickness (RWT). Results The S group had more adverse cardiovascular risk factors, higher LVM index and RWT (P <= .05) with a trend for abnormal cardiac geometry. Independent determinants of LVM index were higher GSI, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, glycated hemoglobin A1c, male sex, and sex-by-heart rate interaction (r(2) = 0.52;P <= .05). GSI was also an independent determinant of RWT. Conclusions Increased arterial stiffness in adolescents and young adults is associated with LVM index independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Screening for arterial stiffness may be useful to identify high risk adolescents and young adults. (J Pediatr 2011;158: 715-21).

关键词： ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure BrachD Brachial artery distensibility CAS Circumferential arterial strain CKD Chronic kidney disease CoA Coarctation of the aorta CRP C-reactive protein DBP Diastolic blood pressure f flexible group GSI Global Stiffness Index HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c HR Heart rate IVSd Intraventricular septal thickness in diastole LVED Left ventricular end diastolic dimension LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy LVM Left ventricular mass LVPWd Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole MAP Mean arterial pressure PP Pulse pressure PWV Pulse wave velocity RWT Relative wall thickness S Stiff group SBP Systolic blood pressure YEM Young’s elastic modulus

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Imprisoning Chicago: Incarceration, the Chicago City Council, prisoners, and reform, 1832-1915

Imprisoning Chicago: Incarceration, the Chicago City Council...

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作者： Garneau, Susan M. Loyola University Chicago

学位级别：Ph.D.

The Chicago Bridewell and the Chicago House of Correction were unique institutions which illuminate the development of nineteenth-century city incarceration from a fluid to a rigid status. Both institutions detained misdemeanants and violators of city ordinances. They shared similarities with jails and prisons, but emerged as a hybrid institution: a city prison. Physically and philosophically, city structures, and the inmates detained inside, shifted from being part of the city to one separate of Chicago and its residents. The Chicago City Council Proceeding files, rarely used by historians, provide a rare glimpse into city leaders' administration of the carceral facilities. Economic concerns, rather than humanitarian impulse, emerged as paramount to the city council in constructing and administering both the Bridewell and the House of Correction. Additionally, the House of Correction grew with Chicago, becoming one of the largest institutions of its kind in the nation. The facility is important nationally also due to the renown in the emerging field of penal philosophy that some of the superintendents at the House of Correction achieved. City leaders sought the professionalization of officials, a reliance on labor for discipline, and the eventual rise of Progressives who wanted to treat inmates, especially the women and the young, more individually. However, the two institutions also included some particular influences of Chicago, especially the selection of superintendents which still generally relied upon political connections and the Great fire which prevented the city from spending on additions to the overcrowded HOC for fifteen years. Ultimately, studying the city's administration of the Bridewell and House of Correction demonstrates the segregation of inmates physically and literally from the public. Justice, previously negotiated by inmates and their families, became more formalized and extensive with the professionalization of local carceral facilities.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , C h i c a g o , C r i m e , H o u s e o f C o r r e c t i o n ,

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Perceptions are Everything: A Qualitative Study Exploring Leadership Styles at an Air force Personnel Center

Perceptions are Everything: A Qualitative Study Exploring Le...

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作者： Sampayo, Jaime Colorado Technical University

学位级别：D.M.

This qualitative, exploratory study captured the personal and professional lives of 20 managers at the Air Reserve Personnel Center (ARPC), in Denver, Colorado, regarding the most prevalent leadership style used at ARPC and the leadership style each manager individually currently employs. The researcher used one-on-one semi-structured investigative interviews using a theme identification process with two independent coders, to analyze the data obtained, discover themes, and find meaning to the exploratory approach. The data was analyzed for emerging themes, which derived from rich and descriptive data provided directly from the study's subjects through interview dialogue. The themes were then presented and interpreted. Key words: leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership, exploratory research, qualitative research

关键词： l e a d e r s h i p , t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p , t r a n s a c t i o n

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Openness and Strategic Aggressiveness as R&D Management Capabilities in the Context of Bio-pharmaceutical Industry

Openness and Strategic Aggressiveness as R&D Management Capa...

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作者： Kim, Hyunju Rachel Alliant International University

学位级别：D.B.A.

This exploratory study examined the interplay between R&D strategies, management capabilities and innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry using Ansoff's Success Model as the theoretical frame. It was necessary to develop a best fitting innovative management model biopharmaceutical executives can use to design and execute strategies for higher levels of innovation - a keystone to any pharmaceutical company's success. R&D strategies consisted of collaboration strategy (domestic) and offshore R&D strategy, while management capabilities included openness to networking, openness to new skills and technology, openness to information sharing and strategic aggressiveness. 88 R&D related managers from biopharmaceutical companies in the United States completed a questionnaire developed for this study. Descriptive statistics, correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to test the study's hypotheses. Main findings uncovered significant relationships between innovation and strategic aggressiveness, openness to networking, openness to new skills and technology, R&D collaboration strategies (domestic) and openness to information sharing. Additionally, results showed that collaboration had a multifaceted relationship with strategic aggressiveness and innovation. Using regression analysis, a best fitting innovation management model was developed where strategic aggressiveness and openness to informal networking were the strongest predictors. This study revealed that R&D strategies and management capabilities were contributors and predictors in achieving innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry. Thus, biopharmaceutical executives and R&D managers are provided additional tools, rooted in practical knowledge, to continue their innovative endeavors.

关键词： i n n o v a t i o n , o p e n n e s s , m a n a g e r i a l o p e n n e s s t o i n f o r

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