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飞航导弹 2013年第11期 2-2页

作者：葛悦涛刘晓明

据报道，美国海军在最近举行的战术演习中成功使用宝石路Ⅱ双模激光制导炸弹（DMLGB）。此次演习在美国海军打击与空战中心举行，为期2天，共包括4个作战任务。期间，f／A-18C／D大黄蜂战斗机和f／A-18E／f超级大黄蜂战斗机共投放了36... 详细信息

据报道，美国海军在最近举行的战术演习中成功使用宝石路Ⅱ双模激光制导炸弹（DMLGB）。此次演习在美国海军打击与空战中心举行，为期2天，共包括4个作战任务。期间，f／A-18C／D大黄蜂战斗机和f／A-18E／f超级大黄蜂战斗机共投放了36枚加装有最近刚升级的宝石路Ⅱ双模激光制导装置的GBU-12f／B炸弹，用来攻击典型战术固定目标，攻击结果满足任务成功标准。

关键词：激光制导炸弹美国海军双模激光宝石洛马公司演习 f A-18E f 作战任务

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Student access to higher education: a historical analysis of landmark Supreme Court cases Missouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada, Registrar of the University of Missouri, 1938, and Grutter v. Bollinger, 2003

Student access to higher education: a historical analysis of...

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作者： Daniel, Ansley Knox Georgia State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The purpose of this study is to identify primary themes related to student access to higher education and establishing diversity in higher education classrooms through a comparative analysis of the 1938 Gaines v. Canada case and the 2003 Grutter v. Bollinger case. Both of these Supreme Court opinions have significantly impacted student access to higher education. The landmark ruling in Gaines inaugurated a new and ground-breaking series of legal victories that opened minority student access to higher education and eventually to secondary education. In Grutter, the Supreme Court upheld the use of race as one of many factors that can be used to consider in the student admissions process in higher education to encourage diversity in student populations and in leadership opportunities. Using a methodology of historiography of education law, the intention of this study is to expand the historical and legal implications of the Gaines and Grutter cases, focusing on the application of the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth Amendment and the relationship between the outcomes of the cases and the judicial interpretation employed by the justices. In Grutter, while considering narrow-tailoring and strict scrutiny to check for the legal development and implementation of affirmative action policies, the justices prioritize providing equal access to higher education for all students and ensuring meaningful diversity in university classrooms for an extended, but still limited, time period. It is valuable for historians of the law and members of the legal profession to consider the notion of active liberty articulated by Justice Stephen Breyer (2005) when developing their interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause and how it should be applied.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E d u c a t i o n , E q u a l a c c e s s , A f f i r m a t i v e

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浅谈珠江口水域的水上VHf频率应用优化

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珠江水运 2012年第12期 68-70页

作者：钱立伟张国雄珠海海事局人才与发展办公室广州海岸电台发信部

由于目前珠江口水域的水上VHf应用中存在着盲目使用大功率发射、不分区域使用全向天线覆盖和扩大频率使用范围等问题,使得珠江口水域的水上VHf频率应用出现了不协调的情况。本文从优化水上VHf频率应用的角度,提出统一协调水上VHf频率使... 详细信息

由于目前珠江口水域的水上VHf应用中存在着盲目使用大功率发射、不分区域使用全向天线覆盖和扩大频率使用范围等问题,使得珠江口水域的水上VHf频率应用出现了不协调的情况。本文从优化水上VHf频率应用的角度,提出统一协调水上VHf频率使用,加强新技术应用以及加强地方无线电管理部门的监管作用等措施,希望对珠江口水域的水上VHf频率合理应用起到一定的参考价值。

关键词：珠江口水上VH f 频率优化

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Measuring poverty as a fuzzy and multidimensional concept: Theory and evidence from the United Kingdom

Measuring poverty as a fuzzy and multidimensional concept: T...

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作者： Kim, Sung-Geun University of Pittsburgh

学位级别：Ph.D.

Previous research shows that poor people define poverty not only in material terms, but also in psychological and social terms, though it has been consistently characterized by economic resources in social sciences. Using a method based on `fuzzy-set' theory can be uniquely placed to answer the question as it allows us not only to tackle the problem of arbitrary poverty line, but also to integrate multiple dimensions into one index in an intuitive way. It can avoid the problem of poverty line entirely by introducing the concept of `membership function' which represents a degree of inclusion in a fuzzy subgroup poor. I therefore argue that the fuzzy measures of poverty can be a strong multidimensional alternative for the measures centered around income. To support the argument, two crucial points are clarified. firstly, the difference between traditional measures and the fuzzy measures needs to be discussed further since the discussions on the new measures so far lean more toward the fresh insights from the measures, so that the distinction in policy-relevant information has not been emphasized enough. from the comparison, I present that the fuzzy measures can provide a richer description of the social phenomenon, enabling a more acceptable distinction between different subpopulations. Secondly, how the measures behave statistically should be considered in depth because one of the most frequent critiques for poverty measurements is that present methods depend too much on arbitrary decisions like setting a poverty line. Utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, I find that the measures (Totally fuzzy, Totally fuzzy and Relative, and Integrated fuzzy and Relative) acknowledge two points quite well: (i) poverty is a multidimensional concept, and (ii) the `poor' and `non-poor' are not two mutually exclusive sets and the distinction can be `fuzzy'. It also turns out that the sampling distribution of the fuzzy measures is well-behaved, and they are robust to arbitrary choice in

关键词： p o v e r t y , f u z z y , m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l , m e a s u r e m e n t , c a p

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论科学究竟是什么——从科学的思维和视角思考教育

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唐山师范学院学报 2012年第6期34卷 116-118页

作者：张俊洪陈铿杨文萍华南师范大学广东广州510631

正如英国科学家A.f.查尔默斯(Alan ***)所著的书《科学究竟是什么》书名所提出的疑问"科学究竟是什么"一样,我们每个有着好奇心的人都有这样的疑问。这个问题也是所有研究科学以及研究科学教育的人首先需要回答的问题。查尔... 详细信息

正如英国科学家A.f.查尔默斯(Alan ***)所著的书《科学究竟是什么》书名所提出的疑问"科学究竟是什么"一样,我们每个有着好奇心的人都有这样的疑问。这个问题也是所有研究科学以及研究科学教育的人首先需要回答的问题。查尔默斯就当代西方一些主要的科学哲学家如波普尔、拉卡托斯、费耶阿本德等对科学究竟是什么这个问题的回答作了简明扼要的介绍,并在介绍其他科学哲学家的观点的同时也提出了理性的批判,同时阐明了查尔默斯他自己的观点。通过对科学究竟是什么的各种论述进行阐述,力图使教育工作者能够对究竟什么是科学这个问题以及如何把科学运用到教育教学当中有一个初步了解。

关键词：证伪主义 A f 查尔默斯科学究竟是什么波普尔拉卡托斯

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International financial Markets

International Financial Markets

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作者： Hua, Wei University of New Orleans

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of two essays: one looks at the cross-country variations in volume-price variability relationship and cultural and other country factors, and the other looks at cause and effects of large one-day price changes in commodity futures. The first essay presented in Chapter 1 investigates the effect of cultural and other country factors on the dynamic relation between market-wide trading activity and price variability in 20 countries. The results show that individualism and masculinity are positively related to volume-variability relation; other country factors including information asymmetry, financial development, short sale and age distribution are also closely related to the volume-variability relation. Specifically, the return-variability relation is stronger in less financially-developed countries with short-sale constraints and high information asymmetry. The second essay presented in Chapter 2 examines the causes and effects of large price changes in 26 commodity futures. The results indicate that announcements of macroeconomic news, the maturity effect, and the seasonal effect can explain the futures price movements of food (non-grains), grain, and livestock better than those of energy and metal. Without controlling for other factors, I find some support for the overreaction theory, especially following negative large price changes in closing. However, controlling for macro factors or market conditions, there is no support for overreactions. Key Words: Cultural factors, trading volume, absolute price, large price changes, overreaction, maturity effect

关键词： C u l t u r a l f a c t o r s , t r a d i n g v o l u m e , a b s o l u t e p r i c e , l a r

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Who Owns This Body?: Enslaved Women's Claim On Themselves

Who Owns This Body?: Enslaved Women's Claim On Themselves

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作者： Sandeen, Loucynda Elayne Portland State University

学位级别：M.A.

During the antebellum period of U.S. slavery (1830-1861), many people claimed ownership of the enslaved woman's body, both legally and figuratively. The assumption that they were merely property, however, belies the unstable, shifting truths about bodily ownership. This thesis inquires into the gendered specifics and ambiguities of the law, the body, and women under slavery. By examining the particular bodily regulation and exploitation of enslaved women, especially around their reproductive labor, I suggest that new operations of oppression and also of resistance come into focus. The legal structure recognized enslaved women in the interest of owners, and this limitation was defining, meaning that justice flowed in one direction. If married white women were "civilly dead," as famously evoked by the Declaration of Sentiments (1848) then enslaved women were civilly non-existent. The law controlled, but did not protect slaves, and a number of opponents to slavery denounced this contradictory scenario during the antebellum era (and before). Literally, enslaved women were claimed by their masters, purchased and sold as chattel. Physically, they were claimed by those men (both white and black) who sought to have power over them. Symbolically, they were claimed by anti-slavers and pro-slavers alike when it suited their purposes, often in the domains of news and literature, for the sake of advancing their ideas, a rich record of which fills court cases, newsprint, and propaganda touching the slavery issue before the civil war. Due to the numerous ways that enslaved women's bodies have been claimed, owned, or circulated in markets, it may have been considered implicit to many that others owned their bodies. I believe that this is an oversimplified historical supposition that needs to be re-theorized. Indeed, enslaved women lived in a time when they were often led to believe that their bodies were not truly their own, and yet, many of them resisted their particular forms of

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A f r i c a n a m e r i c a n h i s t o r y , B o d y p o

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Lysine requirement of the enterally fed term infant in the first month of life

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AMERICAN JOURNAL Of CLINICAL NUTRITION 2011年第6期94卷 1496-1503页

作者： Huang, Lisha Hogewind-Schoonenboom, Jacomine E. de Groof, femke Twisk, Jos W. R. Voortman, Gardi J. Dorst, Kristien Schierbeek, Henk Boehm, Guenther Huang, Ying Chen, Chao van Goudoever, Johannes B. Acad Med Ctr Emma Childrens Hosp Dept Pediat NL-1100 DD Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr Dept Methodol & Appl Biostat Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr Dept Pediat Amsterdam Netherlands Danone Res Ctr Specialised Nutr Friedrichsdorf Germany Fudan Univ Childrens Hosp Dept Pediat Div Gastroenterol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Childrens Hosp Div Neonatol Dept Pediat Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp Erasmus Med Ctr Div Neonatol Dept Pediat Rotterdam Netherlands

Background: Infant nutrition has a major impact on child growth and functional development. Low and high intakes of protein or amino acids could have a detrimental effect. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the lysine requirement of enterally fed term neonates by using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. L-[1-C-13] phenylalanine was used as an indicator amino acid. Design: Twenty-one neonates were randomly assigned to lysine intakes that ranged from 15 to 240 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1). Breath, urine, and blood samples were collected at baseline and during the plateau. The mean lysine requirement was determined by using biphasic linear regression crossover analysis on the fraction of (CO2)-C-13 recovery from L-[1-C-13] phenylalanine oxidation (f (CO2)-C-13) and phenylalanine oxidation rates calculated from the L-[1-C-13] phenylalanine enrichment of urine and plasma. Results: The mean (6SD) phenylalanine flux calculated from urine and plasma L-[1-C-13] phenylalanine enrichment data were 88.3 +/- 6.9 and 84.5 +/- 7.4 lmol . kg(-1) . h(-1), respectively. Graded intakes of lysine had no effect on phenylalanine fluxes. The mean lysine requirement determined by f (CO2)-C-13 was 130 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) (upper and lower CIs: 183.7 and 76.3 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), respectively). The mean requirement was identical to the requirement determined by using phenylalanine oxidation rates in urine and plasma. Conclusions: The mean lysine requirement of enterally fed term neonates was determined by using f (CO2)-C-13 and phenylalanine oxidation rates calculated from the L-[1-C-13] phenylalanine enrichment of urine and plasma. These methods yielded a similar result of 130 mg lysine . kg(-1)1 . d(-1). This study demonstrates that sampling of (CO2)-C-13 in expired air is sufficient to estimate the lysine requirement by using the IAAO method in infants. This trial was registered at *** as NTR1610. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94: 1496-503.

关键词： APE atom percent excess f 13 CO 2 fraction of 13 CO 2 recovery from l -[1- 13 C]phenylalanine oxidation IAAO indicator amino acid oxidation MPE mole percent excess

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Capabilities of TRANSURANUS code in simulating power ramp tests from the IfPE database

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2011年第4期241卷 1078-1086页

作者： Rozzia, D. Adorni, M. Del Nevo, A. D'Auria, f. Univ Pisa Grp Ric Nucl San Piero Grado DIMNP I-56100 Pisa Italy

Investigations of fuel behavior are carried out in close connection with experimental research, operation feedback and computational analyses. OECD NEA sets up the "International fuel Performance Experiments (IfPE) database", a public domain database on nuclear fuel performance experiments with the purpose of model development and code validation. The objective of the activity (performed in the framework of the IAEA CRP fUMEX-III project) is to investigate the pellet-clad interaction mechanism and the capability of TRANSURANUS code in simulating the phenomena, processes occurring in the fuel rod during the power ramps, with focus on the parameters influencing the cladding failures. The experimental database adopted is the Studsvik PWR Super-Ramp subprogram, part of the IfPE database, which consists of 28 pressurized water reactor fuel rods power ramped at burnup from 28 to 45 MWd/kgU. Relevant results by TRANSURANUS are presented in connection with the experimental evidences. focus is given on the PCI/SCC failure, demonstrating that the failure threshold, available in TRANSURANUS, results conservative both in case of KWU and W rods. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： AR after ramp CRP Coordinate Research Program DIMNP Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Nucleare e della Produzione EPRI Electric Power Research Institute f failed fGR fission gas release fRAPCON-3 steady state fuel rod performance code fUMEX fuel modeling at extended burnup Gd gadolinium GRNSPG Gruppo di Ricerca Nucleare San Piero a Grado HBS high burnup structure IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ITU Institute for Transuranium Elements IfPE International fuel Performance JRC Joint Research Centre KWU/CE KraftWert Union Combustion Engineering LHR linear heat rate MATPRO a library of materials properties library package for light-water-reactor accident analysis NEA Nuclear Energy Agency Nf non-failed Nff neutron fast flux OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PCI pellet–clad interaction PTI prior to irradiation PTR prior to ramp PWR pressurized water reactor RTL ramp terminal level SCC stress corrosion cracking TU TRANSURANUS UNIPI Università di Pisa UO 2 uranium oxide Zr-4 Zircaloy-4 W Westinghouse

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The Pursuit of Happiness in Historical Context

The Pursuit of Happiness in Historical Context

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作者： Conklin, Carli Nicole University of Virginia

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation explores the meaning of the phrase the "pursuit of happiness" in its historical context. In William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769), the pursuit of happiness is defined as a method by which man could know the law of nature as it applied to humans. To know if a positive law was in conformity with the law of nature, man only had to ask himself if the positive law led to his own real and substantial happiness. Thus, Blackstone focused on the "happiness" portion of the phrase. Blackstone sought to replace Roman models of legal education and jurisprudence with English models at the university level, and the pursuit of happiness was instrumental to his goals. He believed the pursuit of happiness to be a simple and certain method of jurisprudence by which English university students (future lawmakers and judges) could identify legal first principles and then apply those first principles in their efforts to perfect and preserve the English Common Law. In the Declaration of Independence (1776), the pursuit of happiness is listed as an unalienable right bestowed by the Creator upon all men, who are created equal. Men like Thomas Jefferson, who drafted the Declaration, focused on the "pursuit" portion of the phrase. They understood the pursuit of happiness as man's unalienable right to choose to live in harmony with the law of nature as it pertained to humans. When man was ruled by tyranny, such choice was impossible. This understanding of pursuit of happiness reflects a founding Era philosophy of first principles that existed at the convergence of English law and legal theory, classical history and philosophy, Christianity, and the Scottish Enlightenment's focus on Newtonian Science. Both Blackstone and Jefferson defined "happiness" as eudaimonia —the ancient Greek concept of human flourishing or well-being. Similarly, both Blackstone and Jefferson understood that to pursue happiness was to choose to live in harmony with the law

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , P u r s u i t o f h a p p i n e s s , W e l l - b e i n g

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