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作者： Xu, Yilan University of Pittsburgh

学位级别：Ph.D.

The late-2000s financial crisis has brought great attention to housing market and home mortgage market. I study housing and credit issues using evidence from the United States and China. In Chapter 1, I examine how a court-mandated repeal of a home mortgage regulation in Cleveland affected home foreclosures. To distinguish the effect of deregulation from confounding factors, I apply a difference-in-difference research design using suburbs as the control group for Cleveland. Results indicate that deregulation caused a 49 percent increase in early foreclosures while it did not increase total loan originations. This result implies that bad loans as a share of overall loans increased substantially. In Chapter 2, I evaluate the impact of housing provident funds (HPfs), saving programs that collect deposits from employees and their employers and provide mortgage loans with discounted rates. I exploit a natural experiment in China where the amount of home loans available to employees depends on previous deposits to the fund. Results indicate that after HPf loans became available in 1998, households with two members enrolled in the HPf program enjoyed homeownership 18 percent greater than those with only one member enrolled. furthermore, each additional year of HPf deposits increased homeownership by 4 percent. The results suggest that HPf loans allow higher housing consumption for eligible contributors. In Chapter 3, my coauthor and I document that home mortgage loans made by out-of-state banks without local branches are more likely to have high interest rates and are sold more to the secondary market than other types of mortgages. Drawing evidence from Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data from 2005 to 2008, we find that the demand for nonlocal mortgages is larger in the neighborhood where local banks' denial rate is higher. And banks make more nonlocal mortgages to out-of-state borrowers if they have better access to the secondary market. The results suggest that securitizat

关键词： d e r e g u l a t i o n ； f o r e c l o s u r e ； c r e d i t a c c e s s ； h o u s i

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利用EDTA和Ca(OH)2同时萃取茶园土壤中的铝和氟

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湖南农业科学 2012年第10期 19-20页

作者：文双喜曾清如刘爱军江幸刘杰伍新花湖南农业大学资源环境学院

为了解决茶园土中Al和f的污染问题,探讨利用EDTA溶液和Ca(OH)2去除茶园土壤中Al3+和f-的可行性,结果表明:20 mmol/L的EDTA溶液萃取茶园土壤中的Al3+和f-效率最高;Ca(OH)2能沉淀分离EDTA溶液中90%的Al3+,同时也能去除EDTA溶液中大部分f-;... 详细信息

为了解决茶园土中Al和f的污染问题,探讨利用EDTA溶液和Ca(OH)2去除茶园土壤中Al3+和f-的可行性,结果表明:20 mmol/L的EDTA溶液萃取茶园土壤中的Al3+和f-效率最高;Ca(OH)2能沉淀分离EDTA溶液中90%的Al3+,同时也能去除EDTA溶液中大部分f-;Ca(OH)2沉淀结合连续萃取能显著降低萃取液中的Al3+和f-浓度,有效地去除土壤中的Al和f。这说明利用EDTA和Ca(OH)2可有效地解决茶园土壤中Al和f的污染问题。

关键词：茶园土 EDTA萃取 Ca(OH)2沉淀 Al f

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Essays on Asset Pricing

Essays on Asset Pricing

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作者： Li, Su University of Maryland College Park

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay is titled "Speculative Dynamics I: Imperfect Competition and the Implications for High frequency Trading". In this essay, I analyze the nature of imperfect competition among informed traders who continuously generate and exploit private information about a risky asset's liquidation value which follows either a mean reverting process or random walk. I find the following results: (i) The combined trading of multiple informed traders is much more aggressive than the monopolistic trader in Chau and Vayanos (2008). (ii) The equilibrium price is even more revealing of the informed trader's private information. (iii) Market depth improves as the number of informed traders increases. (iv) In the limit of continuous trading, market is strong form efficient while aggregate profits of the informed traders remain bounded away from zero, in sharp contrast to the corresponding results in Holden and Subrahmanyam (1992), and foster and Viswanathan (1993). (vi) Informed traders' inventories follows a Brownian motion, therefore enabling them to contribute significantly to total trading volume and price variance. These results shed light on empirical findings regarding high frequency traders by helping explain why they remain profitable despite aggressive competition with each other, why their trading volume is very high, to what extent they improve efficiency, and through what mechanism they improve liquidity. The second essay is titled "Speculative Dynamics II: Asymmetric Informed Traders". In this essay, I study the strategic interaction between hierarchical duopolistic informed traders who continuously generate and exploit private information about a risky asset's liquidation value, which follows either a mean reverting process or random walk. I find the following results: (i) Both traders duopolize the private information they both observe and the more informed trader monopolizes the additional exclusive private informat

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , I m p e r f e c t c o m p e t i t i o n , K y l e ' s M o d e l

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Three Essays on Demand Management

Three Essays on Demand Management

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作者： Cao, James Yi University of California Irvine

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of three essays on demand management. In the first essay, we explore the implications of using an "online-to-store'' channel to more effectively reach different customer segments. We develop an analytical framework to study the impact of the channel on the demand allocations, pricing decisions and profitability of the retailer. We show that providing this new channel helps the retailer tap new customer segments and generate additional demand, but at the same time it may hurt the retailer by cannibalizing existing channels and increasing operating costs. Our model framework allows us to illustrate these fundamental tradeoffs and consequently provides useful insights for understanding the specific product characteristics that are most conducive for increasing profitability. In the second essay, we examine the role of forecast updating in an assemble-to-order environment. We consider the case of a contract manufacturer who needs to procure multiple components from independent suppliers in anticipation of a future order from a client. Using an analytical model, we derive the profitability and optimal procurement strategies for both an updating and a non-updating firm. Our results indicate that the firm with the capability to continuously update its forecast will be consistently more profitable than a non-updating firm. We subsequently identify the ideal operating environments under which updating should be implemented by examining the firm's sensitivity to changes in procurement costs and lead times. In the third essay, we explore the role of forecast updating in a supply chain with asymmetric demand information. Using an analytical model, we first consider a centralized channel and explore the benefits of having better demand forecasts. We then consider the case of a supplier that sells to a downstream retailer who benefits from demand updates when sales are realized in each period. Since the supplier is higher on the supply chain and is not

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A p p l i e d s c i e n c e s , A s y m m e t r i c i n f o r m

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Air is our birthright…micro radio broadcasters = community servants or criminals?: A "dissertatiumentary" on Berkeley Liberation Radio

Air is our birthright…micro radio broadcasters = community ...

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作者： Predom Love, Leona Nacole Fielding Graduate University

学位级别：Ed.D.

This work is an experiment, an almost alternative dissertation. It is best digested openly and should the reader choose to keep to tradition expect to be challenged, maybe even uncomfortable, maybe even enlightened. This project seeks to challenge the status quo in academia as well as systems that impede our ability to communicate most effectively. It is the story of Berkeley Liberation Radio (BLR) presented in the research as a documentary entitled “Berkeley Liberation Radio: Micro Power for the People.” Additionally, the story is told by BLR’s diverse collective, a group of informal critical race theorists who desire to create “an alternative, diverse, vibrant society and community free of racism, sexism, homophobia, and all other forms of oppression” (Mission). This dissertation serves to fulfill gaps in the current literature and provide a catalyst for unification of the larger movement of media activism. furthermore this “dissertatiumentary” represents symbolic justice, standing in solidarity with micro radio broadcasters all over the world for without them there would be no low-powered frequency modulation (LPfM) or community radio. The documentary chronicles the lives of 15 members of the BLR collective over the course of a year as well as solicits public opinion at large to assess individual perceptions of micro radio broadcasting at various happenings and street locations throughout the Bay Area. Using documentary as the means for data dissemination affords more opportunity to access this knowledge and determine for oneself if pirate radio broadcasters are the fCC criminals they are made out to be of if they are servants of humanity? Thus dissertatiumentary feels like liberation as I was able to approach education using my whole self and not just what is confined to the compartmentalization of my head. This is my testimony of what one can produce outside the confines of tradition and stands as advocacy not only for pirate radio but also for acceptance and i

关键词： a l t e r n a t i v e d i s s e r t a t i o n , L P f M , p i r a t e r a d i o , B e r k e l e

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Decision making under uncertainty: Theoretical and empirical results on social choice, manipulation, and bribery

Decision making under uncertainty: Theoretical and empirical...

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作者： Mattei, Nicholas University of Kentucky

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation focuses on voting as a means of preference aggregation. Specifically, empirically testing various properties of voting rules and theoretically analyzing how much information it takes to make tampering with an election computationally hard. Groups of individuals have always struggled to come to consistent and fair group decisions and entire fields of study have emerged in economics, psychology, political science, and computer science to deal with the myriad problems that arise in these settings. In my research I have sought to gain a deeper understanding of the practical and theoretical issues that surround voting rules. This dissertation lies within the field of computational social choice, a subfield of artificial intelligence. This cross disciplinary area has broader impacts within the fields of economics, computer science, and political science. My theoretical work focuses on the computational complexity of the bribery and manipulation problems. The bribery problem asks if an outside agent can affect the results of a voting scenario given some budget constraints, while the manipulation problem asks if one or more voting agents can strategically misrepresent their votes to induce a more preferred outcome. These questions seem to hinge on the amount of information an agent has. In this work I investigate the situations where the agents have access to perfect information, uncertain information, and structured preference information. I find that, depending on the structure and type of information, the complexity of the bribery and manipulation problems can range from computationally easy to computationally intractable. Equally critical to the theoretical aspects of voting are empirical tests of existing assumptions. I have identified a large, sincere source of data with which to test many assumptions in the social choice and voting theory literature. A dearth of accurate data has led many studies of the properties of voting rules to take place in th

关键词： A r t i f i c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e , C o m p u t a t i o n a l S o c i a l C h o i c

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Prostaglandin f₂ Synthase Activities of AldoKeto Reductase 1B1, 1B3 and 1B7

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JOURNAL Of BIOCHEMISTRY 2009年第2期145卷 161-168页

作者： Kabututu, Zakayi Manin, Michele Pointud, Jean-Christophe Maruyama, Toshihiko Nagata, Nanae Lambert, Sarah Lefrancois-Martinez, Anne-Marie Martinez, Antoine Urade, Yoshihiro Osaka Biosci Inst Dept Mol Behav Biol Osaka 5650874 Japan Univ Clermont CNRS UMR Genet Reprod & Dev 6247 F-63177 Aubiere France

Here, we show that three enzymes belonging to the 1B group of the aldoketo reductase (AKR) superfamily, i.e., human placental aldose reductase (AKR1B1), mouse kidney aldose reductase (AKR1B3) and mouse vas deferens protein (AKR1B7), catalyse the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) H-2, a common intermediate of various prostanoids, to form PGf(2) in the presence of NADPH. AKR1B1, AKR1B3 and AKR1B7 displayed higher affinities for PGH(2) (K-m 1.9, 9.3 and 3.8 M, respectively) and V-max values (26, 53 and 44 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively) than did the human lung PGf(2) synthase (AKR1C3;18 M and 4 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). The PGf(2) synthase activity of AKR1B1 and AKR1B3 was efficiently inhibited by two AKR inhibitors, tolrestat (K-i 3.6 and 0.26 M, respectively) and sorbinil (K-i 21.7 and 0.89 M, respectively), in a non-competitive or mixed-type manner, whereas that of AKR1B7 was not sensitive to these inhibitors (K-i 9.2 and 18 mM, respectively). These data provide a molecular basis for investigating novel functional roles for AKR1B members and PGf(2) as mediators of physiological and pathological processes in mammalian organisms.

关键词： Prostaglandins f Activities Minute of time nmol f

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Anthropological Neurology: Symptoms and Their Meanings According to Joseph Prick (1909-1978)

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JOURNAL Of THE HISTORY Of THE NEUROSCIENCES 2011年第1期20卷 16-25页

作者： ter Meulen, B. C. Dekkers, W. J. M. Keyser, A. van Woerkom, T. C. A. M. St Lucas Andreas Hosp Dept Neurol NL-1061 AE Amsterdam Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr IQ Healthcare Sect Eth Philosophy & Hist Med NL-6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Nijmegen Dept Neurol Nijmegen Netherlands Haga Teaching Hosp Dept Neurol & Neurophysiol The Hague Netherlands

This article describes the life and work of the Dutch neurologist Joseph Prick (1909-1978) and his idea of an anthropological neurology. According to Prick, neurological symptoms should not only be explained from an underlying physico-chemical substrate but also be regarded as meaningful. We present an outline of the historical and philosophical context of his ideas with a focus on the theory of the human body by the french philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) and the concept of anthropology-based medicine developed by frederik Buytendijk (1887-1974). We give an overview of anthropological neurology as a clinical practice and finally we discuss the value of Prick's approach for clinical neurology today.

关键词： J J G Prick f Buytendijk M Merleau-Ponty The Netherlands phenomenology anthropological medicine body subject unexplained symptoms

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Sensor-fault tolerant control of a powered lower limb prosthesis by mixing mode-specific adaptive Kalman filters

Sensor-fault tolerant control of a powered lower limb prosth...

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33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS)

作者： Dutta, Anirban Koerding, Konrad Perreault, Eric Hargrove, Levi Univ Gottingen Dept Clin Neurophysiol Gottingen Germany Northwestern Univ Dept Physiol Chicago IL USA Northwestern Univ Dept Biomed Engn Chicago IL USA Northwestern Univ Dept Phys Med & Rehabilitat Chicago IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441228

Machine learning methods for interfacing humans with machines is an emerging area. Here we propose a novel algorithm for interfacing humans with powered lower limb prostheses for restoring control of naturalistic gait following amputation. Unlike most previous neural machine interfaces, our approach fuses control information from the user with sensor information from the prosthesis to approximate the closed loop behavior of the unimpaired sensorimotor system. We present a Bayesian framework to control an artificial knee by probabilistically mixing of process state estimates from different Kalman filters, each addressing separate regimes of locomotion such as level ground walking, walking up a ramp, and walking down a ramp. We show its utility as a mode classifier that is tolerant to temporary sensor faults which are frequently experienced in practical applications.

关键词： Bayes methods Bayesian framework Electromyography Kalman filters Knee Legged locomotion Prosthetics Vectors amputation artificial knee artificial limbs brain-computer interfaces closed loop behavior closed loop systems down ramp walking electromyography f

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Wire Bonding, Bumping & Assembly Related failures & Improvements

Wire Bonding, Bumping & Assembly Related Failures & Improvem...

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18th IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPfA)

作者： Lim, Y. K. Yuan, S. Tan, J. B. Yeo, A. Hua, Y. N. Rao, N. R. Siah, S. Y. GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte Ltd Singapore 738406 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701597

In this paper, investigation of wire bonding, bumping and assembly related failures are performed using optical microscopy, secondary electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, the understandings of the failures and root causes are presented. for example, corrosions caused by contaminant such as fluorine and Cu precipitates on Al-Cu alloyed bond pads that lead to discolored or non-stick on pads problem are discussed. In addition, the formation of small bumps when oxide/silicon nitride passivation is employed and chipping at die edges caused during assembly that leads to open-circuit are studied. In conclusion, possible solutions of these failures are recommended to achieve robust assembly and packaging.

关键词： Al-Cu Al-Cu alloyed bond pads Chemicals Contamination Copper Corrosion Cu precipitates f Inspection Passivation Si3N4 Tiles aluminium alloys assembling assembly related failures bumping copper alloys corrosion corrosions die edges failure analysis fluorine fluorine lead bonding optical microscopy optical microscopy oxide/silicon nitride passivation packaging packaging passivation scanning electron microscopy secondary electron microscopy silicon compounds transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy wire bonding

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