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药学与临床研究 2011年第6期19卷 521-522页

作者：毕志明李健周娇娇刘丽娟中国药科大学天然药物活性组分与药效国家重点实验室生药学教研室南京210009

从香加皮中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为:羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(1),4-甲氧基水杨醛(2),黄柏内酯(3),杠柳苷L(4),perisesaccharide f(5),21-O-methyl-5-pregnene-3β,14β,17β,20,21-pentaol(6),perisesaccharide C(7),北五加皮苷E(8),杠柳苷M... 详细信息

关键词：香加皮化学成分 Perisesaccharide f 新天然产物

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Representations of African women in the American and french press, 1990–2005

Representations of African women in the American and French ...

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作者： Ruginyte, Dovile Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick

学位级别：Ph.D.

Africa has been subject to Western misrepresentations since the earliest ventures of Europeans into the continent. The colonial clichés of Africa as the “Dark continent” and its people as lazy, licentious savages incapable of progress have been established to justify Western exploitation of Africa. African women have been particularly subject to the derogatory Western gaze. Most existing studies of the Western media’s representations of Africans suggest that the media continue recycling these colonial stereotypes. The study examined four hundred forty four articles about African women in the New York Times and Le Monde from 1990 to 2005 to determine to what extent their representations continued to be shaped by colonial clichés. The study found that only about half of the portrayals of African women are crisis-driven. The rest of the stories present African women outside crises situations: e.g., going about their daily lives, participating in politics and interested in fashion. The study also demonstrated that Le Monde’s discourses about African women are somewhat more subtle and sophisticated than those of the New York Times, which often relies on simplistic and reductionist interpretations of complex situations. Le Monde’s coverage nevertheless deteriorates when the issues discussed are perceived as having political currency in france. The coverage in both newspapers also suffers from systematic omissions of a larger political and historical context that would better contextualize situations and would also expose france and America’s role in African events. finally, the New York Times’ reporting is distinguished by the trend of advocacy journalism. While the intentions of journalists/advocates are necessarily benevolent, the outcome of these writings is somewhat ambiguous, often projecting African women at their worst: suffering, desperate, and to be pitied. Key words: African women, the New York Times, Le Monde, colonial discourses, wartime rapes, Islamism, femal

关键词： A f r i c a n w o m e n , t h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s , L e M o n d e , c o l o n

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“This Sex Which Is Not”:* A Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Women's Political Representation

“This Sex Which Is Not”:* A Comparative Analysis of Indone...

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作者： Sitasari, Arnita West Virginia University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The number of female political representatives is lower than the number of male representatives throughout the world. Several theories have been offered to account for the continuing deficiency in the number of women representatives in national legislatures, including approaches focused on cultural factors, social structure factors, economic characteristic factors, and political factors. More recent explanations have been made from two different points of view: supply side and demand side. Supply side arguments deal with institutional factors such as electoral systems and quota laws. Demand side arguments concentrate on the criteria used by the voters when evaluating candidates. This research investigates and focuses on demand side argument and uses Indonesia as a case study. As a comparison study, seven other selected Asian developing countries, such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines, are chose. The purpose of the dissertation is described: to examine the factors that influence public opinion toward female representatives in developing nations and expand it further into the demand side theory of political participation. The study's focus and goal result in a new perspective of observing female representatives in developing nations and an interdisciplinary approach applying demand side theory and a combination of statistical methods. The research questions are comparisons related to the traditional and new ways of examining factors that influence public opinion toward female participation in politics, and utilize cultural, social structure, economic characteristics, and political variables to study electoral behavior and public opinion in developing nations. In terms of methodology and data, this dissertation applies ordered probit regression on the 2003 Indonesian public opinion survey data. As a comparison study, the chi-square analysis and data from World Values Survey are utilized based on different characteristics

关键词： f e m a l e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , p u b l i c o p i n i o n , w o m e n a n d p

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Participation at the Edge of Chaos: A Study of the Nonlinear Dynamics of Protest Politics

Participation at the Edge of Chaos: A Study of the Nonlinear...

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作者： Coan, Travis G. The Claremont Graduate University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Recent protest events across the Middle East, Europe, and Asia suggest that a mix of increasing economic hardships and political discontent are providing an environment ripe with opportunities to challenge governing authorities. There is no shortage of commentary in either the media or academic literature on the complexities inherent in understanding protest politics. However, few studies examine this complexity in a systematic manner. How do the interactions of many individuals over time lead to mass demonstrations that seem to arise out of nowhere? How does one explain the erratic and seemingly unpredictable nature of protest time series data? Why are there very large protest events, very small protest events, and everything in-between? far from viewing these “irregularities” as a nuisance, this dissertation argues that understanding the dynamic complexities associated with protest politics is essential to understanding the core features of contentious politics. At the center of this dissertation are two formal models on the dynamics of protest politics. first, I develop a systems theoretic model that focuses attention on the structural nonlinearities inherent in protest time series data. Using a system of nonlinear differential equations, I demonstrate that a minor modification to a well established model of protest politics produces deterministic chaos under a wide range of conditions. I also develop a new econometric procedure that is appropriate for estimating the structural parameters of highly nonlinear continuous time models. Second, I develop a computational agent-based model of protest politics that shifts attention from the aggregate to the individual level of analysis. Combining social movement theories of mobilization with theories of self-organized criticality developed in non-equilibrium physics, I demonstrate that the invisible hand of protest politics drives social systems to a critical state between order and chaos. I find empirical support for th

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A g e n t - b a s e d m o d e l s , D i f f e r e n t i a l e q

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用fLAG方案治疗难治性成人急性白血病的疗效观察

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求医问药（下半月刊） 2011年第9期9卷 65-66页

作者：孙凌刚浙江省富阳市人民医院血液科浙江富阳311400

目的：评价fLAG方案治疗难治性成人急性白血病（AL）的疗效和安全性。方法：采用fLAG方案对17例AL患者进行治疗。具体的治疗方法为：每天静脉输注氟达拉滨50mg、阿糖胞苷1000mg（于氟达拉滨输注结束4h后开始静脉滴），连续输注1—5天，... 详细信息

目的：评价fLAG方案治疗难治性成人急性白血病（AL）的疗效和安全性。方法：采用fLAG方案对17例AL患者进行治疗。具体的治疗方法为：每天静脉输注氟达拉滨50mg、阿糖胞苷1000mg（于氟达拉滨输注结束4h后开始静脉滴），连续输注1—5天，待患者的中性粒细胞计数≤1．0X1O。儿时。给予其G—CSf每135μg／kg皮下注射。直至ANC≥1．0×10^9/L。结果：在这17例患者中，症状完全缓解的8例（完全缓解率为47．1％、所有病例的总有效率为76．5%）．无效3例，死亡1例。其主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制、消化道症状和轻度肝损害。结论：fLAG方案对难治、复发性急性髓性白血病的疗效好，是该类患者治疗的较好选择。

关键词： f LA G化疗难治性急性白血病

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The affective dimensions of social controversy

The affective dimensions of social controversy

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作者： Sci, Susan A. University of Denver

学位级别：Ph.D.

Social controversy is a sustained, mediated debate between at least two oppositional parties which is more than just a difference of opinion; rather it is a persistent conflict over the political and cultural implications that dominant forms of communicative reasoning, practices, and norms have for a public. Simply put, during social controversies the norms guiding public life can be negotiated, reaffirmed, negated, and/or transformed. This can lead to progressive political, cultural, and/or social change in some instances, while establishing or reifying conservative and even oppressive norms, practices, and laws in others. Building upon Olson and Goodnight's (1994) theoretical and methodological framework of social controversy, this dissertation argues that scholars should analyze the role affect plays in this type of conflict as a means to address the regulation of public conduct as well as public discourse. The rhetorical and argumentative significance of the affective dimensions of social controversy have been conceptualized and analyzed via an examination of emotion-based claims and affective states that have become salient, discernable and/or apprehendable during specific public disagreements. Such a conceptualization demonstrates that critical insights regarding the norms that guide public conduct, the role risk and vulnerability play in the regulation of individuals' public behavior, and the relationship between affect and citizenship can be gained by focusing on a controversy's affective dimensions. To highlight the importance of the study of affect in social controversy as well as better understand the larger critical significance affect theory has for rhetorical and argumentation studies, this dissertation has analyzed the affective dimensions of three conflicts. They are: the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse social controversy, the International freedom Center social controversy, and the controversy over the 2004 french ban on conspicuous religious attire in pu

关键词： C o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d t h e a r t s , S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , I r a q , f r

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Applying the concept of self-preservation to criminological theory: Reconceptualizing low self-control and its resultant behaviors

Applying the concept of self-preservation to criminological ...

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作者： Embry, Randa J. Sam Houston State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The proposed research looks to incorporate the concept of self-preservation into criminological literature, as it has been poorly defined in the extant literature. Included in the discussion of self-preservation is a review of the concept of the self in not only criminology, but also within the fields of Psychology and Sociology and a look at how these conceptualizations have influenced the way criminologists have utilized the concept of self to explain delinquent or deviant behavior. Additionally, substantial attention is paid to previous conceptualizations of self-preservation and its impact on behaviors and influence on social policy from a theoretical and philosophical standpoint. finally, these concepts are incorporated into prevailing criminological theory. The basic premise of the research proposes that individuals will engage in delinquent or deviant behaviors when there is a perceived threat to their conceptualized sense of self. This is operationalized and measured with variables available in the 2009 Twelfth Grade Monitoring the future data set, accessible through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research website. Once appropriate scales were constructed to reflect the concepts of self, threat to self, and delinquency, the current research conducts a series of path analyses to confirm the theoretical conceptualization of contributory variables explained above to the dependant, or endogenous variable of delinquency. Regression analyses are also conducted to identify those variables, which significantly predict delinquency within the proposed theoretical construct. Results indicate the theoretical models fit the observed data well. Additionally, support is given for the hypothesis as individuals experience a direct threat to an internal assessment, chances for delinquency increase. Results are discussed within the context of the proposed theoretical construction and limitations are addressed. further, suggestions for future research a

关键词： S e l f - p r e s e r v a t i o n , S e l f , T h e o r y

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21st Century freedom fighters: African Descent Teachers' Use of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy as a Tool of Liberation

21st Century Freedom Fighters: African Descent Teachers' Use...

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作者： Swain, Ayanna N. Georgia State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

African descent students often are subjected to pedagogical practices and curricula that do not validate their home cultures or their individual and collective histories. In response to this problem, many teachers implement culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) and curricula to address the needs of this population. focusing on two African descent teachers in an African-centered school, the purpose of this qualitative African-centered inquiry was to (1) examine how the ancient Kemetic philosophy, Ma’at, manifests in their epistemologies, worldviews, and pedagogical practices, (2) explore how their epistemologies and worldviews inform their pedagogical practices, and (3) understand how their life experiences shaped their epistemologies and worldviews. A holistic theoretical framework comprised of Afrocentric and womanist theories and a CRP theoretical approach informed the “retooled” life history methodology employed in this study. The culturally sensitive data collection methods included dialogue, storytelling, participatory witnessing, and Afrocentric group conversation. Thematic and dialogic/performance narrative analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. The significance of this study is fourfold. first, this study adds to the paucity of existing literature on exemplary African descent teachers by bringing to the fore how the epistemologies and worldviews of teachers shape their pedagogical practices in an African-centered school. Second, this study explored the intended liberatory effects of African descent teachers’ implementation of CRP for themselves and for their students, ultimately affecting how both position themselves in the broader society. Third, use of the cardinal virtues of Ma’at (truth, justice, righteousness, order, harmony, balance, and reciprocity) as the philosophical foundation for this study presents an ontological alternative to privileging western philosophical frameworks typically used in educational research. finally, as the ancient K

关键词： c u l t u r a l l y r e l e v a n t p e d a g o g y , M a a t , A f r i c a n p h i l o s

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Signaling theory for Chief financial Officials in Michigan small public school districts: Evidence and recommendations

Signaling theory for Chief Financial Officials in Michigan s...

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作者： Globig, David P. Anderson University Indiana

学位级别：D.B.A.

The purpose of the study was to determine if the Michigan School Business Officials (MSBO) certification of Michigan public school Chief financial Officials (CfOs) has increased the confidence that others have in their ability to do their job. This certification has been in place since 1998, and had not been empirically tested to see if it has been successful. The Superintendent's confidence was used as a proxy for confidence that others have in the CfO, based on their contact with the CfO and their knowledge of the CfO's performance. Signaling theory (Michael Spence, 1973) was the vehicle used to indicate the level of the Superintendent's confidence in the CfO's capabilities and leadership. Most certification requirements include the four "Es" of education, examinations, ethics, and experience. MSBO certification of CfOs includes education, but does not currently require examinations, ethics, or experience as a CfO. The question that this research considered was "Has the certification requirements significantly increased confidence in the CfO?" The survey was sent to all 553 Michigan Public School Superintendents, with 62 responding to the survey. Survey results found that those CfOs who are certified do possess the capabilities to perform their responsibilities, prepare quality financial reports, and enhance the district's financial leadership. The survey indicated that there is also support for the addition of a Master certification (Globig signal) to further increase confidence in the CfOs. The Master certification would include ethical standards; written examinations on the material covered in the certification courses; and experience as a CfO. Key words: Chief financial Official (CfO), MSBO certification, Michael Spence, Michigan public school districts, signaling theory

关键词： C h i e f f i n a n c i a l O f f i c i a l C f O ) , M S B O c e r t i f i c a t i o n ,

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Three essays on using text analytic techniques for accounting research

Three essays on using text analytic techniques for accountin...

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作者： Chakraborty, Vasundhara Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Graduate School - Newark

学位级别：Ph.D.

The wide variety of corporate as well as academic documents accessible online provides tremendous opportunities for data collection but at the same time presents a challenge for users to extract appropriate information from this immensely diverse corpus. financial decisions are often based on different types of reports provided by firms including the financial statements as well as disclosures. To ensure simplified access to critical information from these reports data tagging is recommended, which creates the need for the development of taxonomies. A hybrid method of taxonomy creation using historical data from pension footnotes of 10K statements is proposed here instead of the pre-existing normative approach (detailed in the first essay). A comparison of the hybrid vs. normative approach (XBRL) pension footnote taxonomy reveals that generally firms tend to aggregate more while reporting, conflicting with findings from the XBRL pension taxonomy. Two experiments are conducted within the fold of the second essay to recognize whether (i) the type of industry (ii) firm size are factors significantly influencing the pension disclosure reporting of firms. It is found that while firm size is a significant factor the type of industry is not. Corporate reports as well as academic accounting literature are experiencing an unprecedented proliferation. The third essay explores the potential of using text analytic techniques to develop a methodology for automatic classification of academic articles in accounting based on different criteria. Three different experiments were conducted to seek the most effective method to accurately and automatically classify accounting literature. Results from the experiments indicate that automatic classification is more effective when using abstracts rather than using only keywords. Proposing a new hybrid method for taxonomy creation as well as the initial study that adopts automatic classification method in categorizing accounting literature b

关键词： T a x o n o m y , X B R L , C l a s s i f i c a t i o n , S E C f i l i n g s , P e n s i

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