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作者： Marcano-Reyes, L. Ciro Clark University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation investigates the process of territorial formation at sub-national levels in a Latin American country. I present territorial formation as result of struggles and negotiations among different social factions, with different levels of power, setting up spatial practices supported by and in support of geographical imaginations as part of their mode of thought at different scales. While creating new and transforming existing spaces, dominant social groups establish new rules and new political and socio-economic roles for themselves and the subordinated groups as integral part of the production and reproduction of the created spaces. Geographical imaginations are civilizations, societies, groups and individuals conceptions about what a place should be and how it is brought into being how it is produced so it can be lived in actuality. Myths, metaphors, rationales and convictions on which we construct references giving meaning and sense to political use of space serves as foundation to geographical imaginations, which together with juridical formations and policies constitute the basis for a group or social system to appropriate, produce and reproduce its space as polity at expense of others. The dissertation covers three historical phases in the creation of Venezuelan territoriality and their associated geographical imaginaries: 1) The dispossession of aboriginal lands by European Conquerors, Colonizers and Republican Creoles, creating a semi feudal state, 2) the process of modernization intended to industrialize the country and develop a capitalist society with a rentier scheme based on oil revenues, and, 3) the most recent attempt to undertake the path to socialism allowing communities to self-define and manage their own territorial ambits. These processes are analyzed using methods from historical geography, environmental history, studies of the commons, institutional analysis, and critical Marxist geography. Three articles highlight specific aspects

关键词： f o r m a l a n d i n f o r m a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , g e o g r a p h i c a l i m a

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Classification for mass spectra and comprehensive two-dimensional chromatograms

Classification for mass spectra and comprehensive two-dimens...

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作者： Tian, Xue The University of Nebraska - Lincoln

学位级别：Ph.D.

Mass spectra contain characteristic information regarding the molecular structure and properties of compounds. The mass spectra of compounds from the same chemically related group are similar. Classification is one of the fundamental methodologies for analyzing mass spectral data. The primary goals of classification are to automatically group compounds based on their mass spectra, to find correlation between the properties of compounds and their mass spectra, and to provide a positive identification of unknown compounds. This dissertation presents a new algorithm for the classification of mass spectra, the most similar neighbor with a probability-based spectrum similarity measure (MSN-PSSM). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the new MSN-PSSM algorithm. In leave-one-out cross-validation, it outperforms popular techniques for classification of mass spectra, such as principal component analysis with discriminant function analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogy, and decision tree learning. Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography yields highly informative separation patterns because of its great practical peak capacity and sensitivity produced by applying two different separation principles. However, the improvement in information yields complex data requiring comprehensive analyses to interpret the rich information and to extract useful information for characterizing sample composition. This dissertation presents a new non-targeted cross-sample classification method to analyze comprehensive two-dimensional chromatograms. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the new non-targeted cross-sample classification. The new non-targeted cross-sample classification is successfully applied to a set of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatograms of breast cancer tumor samples. The feature vectors generated by the new non-targeted cross-sample classification are useful for discriminating between breast cancer tumor sa

关键词： c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , m a s s s p e c t r o m e t r y , c o m p r e h e n s i v e t

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The social and musical construction of the jam session in jazz

The social and musical construction of the jam session in ja...

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作者： Nelson, Lawrence D. University of Kentucky

学位级别：Ph.D.

Current research into jazz has not given sufficient attention to the jam session as a musical and social context in which improvisation occurs. Originating from "cutting contests" in which jazz musicians demonstrated their skills and creativity in a competitive format outside the arena of commercial performance, jam sessions established a format for small-group improvised jazz performance that has endured to the present day. Jam sessions are recreational activities; initially found at times and in venues removed from the public sphere, they acquired an almost mythical status during the Bebop Era among jazz enthusiasts, who regarded the music produced at these sessions as more authentic than other jazz performances. This led to a commodification of the jam session, which further complicated an understanding of the jam session in jazz. Weber's concept of ideal types is utilized to construct a model of the jam session in jazz, and Goffman's depiction of encounters and the play of games forms the basis for a description of the jam session. Jam sessions depend upon knowledge of principles of music theory and performance strategies to enable the construction of improvised solos and accompaniments for the performance of songs in the jazz canon. Equally important to the jam session are the social interactions that form the jam session encounter. Historical accounts of jam sessions and participant-observation of jam sessions in the Chicago and Cincinnati areas and interviews with jazz educators and performers are utilized to obtain an understanding of the musical and social conventions necessary to sustain a jam session. This study has significant implications for jazz research. first, it provides a clearer understanding of what constitutes a jam session. Second, it provides a means of understanding jazz as a performance art and a process. for research in the social sciences, it demonstrates how a seemingly unstructured gathering can be understood as an amalgam of sociologic

关键词： j a m s e s s i o n , e n c o u n t e r , j a z z , W e b e r , G o f f m a n

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The Differential Scheme and Quantum Computation

The Differential Scheme and Quantum Computation

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作者： Irwin, Robert J. Syracuse University

学位级别：Ph.D.

It is well-known that standard models of computation are representable as simple dynamical systems that evolve in discrete time, and that systems that evolve in continuous time are often representable by dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations. In many applications, e.g., molecular networks and hybrid fermi-Pasta-Ulam systems, one must work with dynamical systems comprising both discrete and continuous components. Reasoning about and verifying the properties of the evolving state of such systems is currently a piecemeal affair that depends on the nature of major components of a system: e.g., discrete vs. continuous components of state, discrete vs. continuous time, local vs. distributed clocks, classical vs. quantum states and state evolution. We present the Differential Scheme as a unifying framework for reasoning about and verifying the properties of the evolving state of a system, whether the system in question evolves in discrete time, as for standard models of computation, or continuous time, or a combination of both. We show how instances of the differential scheme can accommodate classical computation. We also generalize a relatively new model of quantum computation, the quantum cellular automaton, with an eye towards extending the differential scheme to accommodate quantum computation and hybrid classical/quantum computation. All the components of a specific instance of the differential scheme are Convergence Spaces. Convergence spaces generalize notions of continuity and convergence. The category of convergence spaces, Conv, subsumes both simple discrete structures (e.g., digraphs), and complex continuous structures (e.g., topological spaces, domains, and the standard fields of analysis: [special characters omitted] and [special characters omitted]). We present novel uses for convergence spaces, and extend their theory by defining differential calculi on Conv . It is to the use of convergence spaces that the differential scheme owes it

关键词： D i f f e r e n t i a l S c h e m e , C o n v e r g e n c e S p a c e s , Q u a n t u m C

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A study of a family preservation/family support program in Region 12 of Coastal Southeast Georgia

A study of a family preservation/family support program in R...

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作者： Patterson-Trimble-Johnson, Kendall Fielding Graduate University

学位级别：Ed.D.

This study was an evaluation of Case Management Services at a Social Service Organization in Region 12 of Chatham County. The Organization provides services to help families resolve issues so they can remain together. Knowing if a family is functioning in ways that will cause or create some harm to a child will always be of utmost importance to the Department of Human Services (DHS) and Juvenile Justice because they focus on children’s health and welfare. If a family crisis comes to the attention of any of the above, a decision about the type of intervention is determined to protect a child at risk for abuse, neglect, and abandonment. Learning ways to work with families is critical for social service clinicians. If the intervention method is not effective or appropriate for the kind of crisis happening, the ultimate result will be further abuse, neglect, and abandonment, which will be detrimental to the children and families involved as well as to the communities. The qualitative method was used to help determine the results of this study. Data collection consisted of the participants taking a self-administered questionnaire. It was used to record their responses regarding the impact of the Organization’s Case Management Services on reducing out-of-home placement of youth in Chatham County. The questionnaire also inquired about the participants’ perceptions about case management services received from the Organization. Parents and caretakers whose families received case management services from the Organization during the last 6 months completed the questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the majority of the parents and or guardians found that all of the services were beneficial, the staff was helpful, and they would recommend the program to other parents. Therefore, the clients had very positive perceptions of the services and program provided. Participants responses indicate that the Organization collects assessment information at the end of the pro

关键词： c l i e n t , c l i n i c i a n , f o s t e r c a r e , m a l t r e a t m e n t , c a r e

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The impact of neighborhood crime levels on police use of force: An examination at micro and macro levels using geographic information system techniques

The impact of neighborhood crime levels on police use of for...

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作者： Lee, Hoon Sam Houston State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Research has shown that individual, situational, organizational, and contextual factors determine the levels of police force. Among these factors, neighborhood contextual factors have gained a considerable amount of attentions, relating neighborhood crime levels and police force. Prior research mainly examined the relationship either at the police district level or at the city level. Previous inquiries were also limited to a portion of criminal activities in neighborhoods, blurring the exact impact of neighborhood crime on police force. Using Geographic Information System techniques, the current study utilized four radial buffer zones around each use of force incident location to measure the impact of neighborhood criminal activities at the micro level on the amount of police force used. In addition, hierarchical linear modeling using neighborhood crime rates within police command areas allowed for a comparison study to measure the impact of neighborhood criminal activities at the macro level on police force. The current study found that neighborhood crime levels had the most positive effect of increasing levels of police force at the micro level. KEY WORDS: Police use of force, Neighborhood context, Crime rates, Radial buffer, Hierarchical linear modeling.

关键词： P o l i c e u s e o f f o r c e , N e i g h b o r h o o d c o n t e x t , C r i m e r

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Research in Applied Environmental Geochemistry, with particular reference to Geochemistry and Health

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GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 2010年第3期10卷 317-329页

作者： Thornton, Iain Imperial Coll London England Imperial Coll Consultants London England

Applications of geochemical mapping to agricultural and other problems relating to the environment were the brainchild of Professor John Webb, Director of the Applied Geochemistry Research Group, Imperial College, London in the early 1960s. This paper reviews the development and progress of research in applied environmental geochemistry at Imperial College over the past forty years, providing the basis for postgraduate training ranging from the applications of geochemistry to plant, agricultural livestock and wildlife nutrition, to evaluating contamination from metalliferous mining and smelting, to understanding the chemical nature of the urban environment and to problems of human health and disease.

关键词： history of geochemistry Applied Geochemistry Research Group environmental geochemistry urban geochemistry human health deficiency pollution molybdenosis hypocuprosis pine white muscle disease Keshan disease Kaschin Beck disease fluorosis Co Cu Se Na K P Zn Cu Pb Cd As f Hg heavy metal toxicity wildlife conservation agriculture water resources and quality estuarine fisheries epidemiology human health soil household-dust Hazard Index

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A Theoretical Model of Organizational Ambidexterity in Hospitals

A Theoretical Model of Organizational Ambidexterity in Hospi...

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作者： Bodwell, Wendy Colorado State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This study defined organizational ambidexterity (OA) and offered a theoretical framework for its application in hospitals and human resource development (HRD) theory and practice. Lynham‘s (2000) general method of theory building research for applied disciplines was used to construct the model. A survey instrument was developed and pretested on a small sample, then mailed nationally to 6,000 directors working in 2,000 randomly selected hospitals. forty-nine of 50 states participated in the survey. Wyoming was the only state from which responses were not received. Data were collected from 1,490 hospital directors and 893 hospitals and analyzed using principal components factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance, and multilevel modeling (MLM). findings showed exploration and exploitation are two latent factors of one second-order construct; OA specifically. findings revealed high levels of OA in hospitals generally and higher levels of OA in large hospitals than small ones. Investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals reported similar levels of OA. Statistical evidence supported the notion OA is positively related to perceived quality and financial performance in hospitals. In the era of healthcare reform, theories and methods with potential for improving perceived quality and financial performance are relevant to meeting customer demand and sustaining hospital operations and strategy.

关键词： o r g a n i z a t i o n a l a m b i d e x t e r i t y ； a m b i d e x t r o u s f i r m s

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A Sociotechnical Systems Model for Production System Productivity Management

A Sociotechnical Systems Model for Production System Product...

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作者： Pomorski, Thomas R. Union Institute and University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Manufacturing enterprises prosper and grow through a process of continually improving productivity within the production system. Productivity optimization is not an option; it is daily act of survival. This dissertation investigates the proposition that manufacturing productivity optimization is achieved through integrated development and deployment of technology, organizational design, and manufacturing methods and practices. Sociotechnical Systems Theory is an open systems model that presents a framework to view the production system as a collection of technical elements that include work methods and practices, individual and collective organizational knowledge, and technological tools. The sociotechnical system also includes a social dimension consisting of work roles and relationships, informal relationships between groups, and social structures within the organization. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is used as an appropriate metric for production system productivity. This dissertation investigation develops a model for sociotechnical systems design that identifies specific technical and social elements to optimize production system productivity.

关键词： M a n u f a c t u r i n g P r o d u c t i v i t y , P r o d u c t i v i t y , T o t a l P r

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Working class in British films 1950s–2000s: Identity, culture, and ideology

Working class in British films 1950s–2000s: Identity, cultu...

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作者： Shi, Tongyun University of Louisville

学位级别：Ph.D.

Britain was the first country to industrialize with the Industrial Revolution and therefore had the world's first industrial working class. In the 20 th century, the traditional British working class went through many social and political changes, represented especially by the post-war "rise" and a lasting "decline" since the 1970s, a fate which is worth academic study. Class matters not only in sociological sense, but also in cultural sense. This dissertation, through close text analysis of seven British social realist films—two New Wave ones, Room at the Top (Jack Clayton, 1959) and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (Karel Reisz, 1960); three bleak ones by independent directors, High Hopes (Mike Leigh, 1988), My Beautiful Laundrette (Stephen frears, 1985), and Sweet Sixteen (Ken Loach, 2002); and two commercial comedies, Brassed Off (Mark Herman, 1996) and The full Monty (Peter Cattaneo, 1997), explores major themes in the screen representation of British working class from the 1950s to the present and analyzes the changes from the theoretical framework of British Cultural Studies, probing into the relationship between identity, power, the impact of ideology and cultural resistance behind the working-class identities. It also adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding and evaluation of the cultural identity of British working class, with sociological and historical understanding of the issue of class and working class provided. The dissertation concludes that the British working class screen identity has transformed from an image of masculine energy, pride and dignity of the 1950s and 1960s to "underclass" collective shame and loss of respect in the 1990s and 2000s. The shift reflects changes in fundamental attitudes in British post-war society from welfare egalitarianism to the neo-liberal enterprise culture. The cinematic representation has reflected and reinforced dominant ideological position, but at the same time conveyed more left-wing progres

关键词： w o r k i n g c l a s s ； f i l m s ； B r i t a i n ； c u l t u r a l s t u d i e s

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