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Isolation of fusarium graminearum from cereal, grass and corn residues from Alberta, 2001-2003

CANADIAN JOURNAL Of PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE 2011年第2期33卷 179-186页

作者： Turkington, T. K. Clear, R. M. Demeke, T. Lange, R. Xi, K. Kumar, K. Agr & Agri Food Canada Lacombe Beaverlodge Res Ctr Lacombe AB T4L 1W1 Canada Canadian Grain Commiss GraRes Lab Winnipeg MB R3C 3G8 Canada Alberta Innovates Technol Future Vegreville AB T9C 1T4 Canada

fusarium species, which are typically associated with fusarium head blight of cereals, were isolated, identified and enumerated from residues collected in 239 cereal, 71 corn and 201 grass fields/sites in Alberta from 2001 to 2004. Cereal and grass residues were collected in the Peace River, central and southern regions of Alberta, while corn samples were collected from central and southern Alberta. The most frequently recovered species were f. avenaceum and f. culmorum followed by f. pseudograminearum and f. graminearum. Outside of southern Alberta, the most important causal agent of fusarium head blight, f. graminearum, was isolated at low levels in only one of 163 cereal fields, and was not isolated from the 39 corn fields or 105 grass sites surveyed. In contrast, in southern Alberta, f. graminearum was isolated from cereal residues in 10 of 76 cereal fields. Relatively high levels (46-50%) of node and crown infection occurred in one southern Alberta field in 2003. fusarium graminearum was most common in corn residues from southern Alberta, being isolated from 24 of 32 fields, with average incidences of node infection ranging from 10 to 60% within these fields. In contrast, only three of 96 grass sites in southern Alberta had detectable, albeit low, levels of f. graminearum. The infrequent occurrence of f. graminearum, especially in central Alberta, and the Peace River region, suggests that Alberta's agricultural industry should continue to monitor its presence in grain and crop residues, while attempting to limit further build up and spread of this pathogen.

关键词： cereal corn epidemiology f avenaceum f culmorum f graminearum f pseudograminearum fusarium head blight fusarium species grasses

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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis:Lessons for the busy radiologist

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第7期3卷 178-181页

作者： Ritesh Agarwal Department of Pulmonary Medicine Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

The probability of a radiologist interpreting a disease correctly is not only influenced by their training and experience but also on the knowledge of a particular *** editorial reviews certain myths and realities associated with radiological manifestations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA).ABPA is a hypersensitivity disorder against the antigens of Aspergillus *** commonly manifesting with central bronchiectasis(CB),the disorder can present without any abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) of the chest,so-called serologic ABPA(ABPA-S).HRCT of the chest should not be used in screening or in the initial diagnostic work up of asthmatics,as asthma without ABPA can manifest with findings of ***-attenuation mucus(HAM) is the pathognomonic sign of ABPA and is very helpful in the diagnosis of ABPA complicating asthma and cystic *** of classifying ABPA based on the presence and absence of CB into ABPA-CB and ABPA-S respectively,ABPA should be classif ied as ABPA-S,ABPACB and *** classif ication scheme based on HAM not only identifies an immunologically severe disease but also predicts a patient with increased risk of recurrent relapses.

关键词： Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Aspergillus Asthma Cystic f ibrosis

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Bioremediation of Some Deterioration Products from Sandstone of Archeological Karnak Temple Using Stimulated Irradiated Alkalo-Thermophilic Purified Microbial Enzymes

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GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL 2011年第1期28卷 56-67页

作者： Geweely, Neveen S. I. Afifi, Hala A. M. Cairo Univ Fac Sci Dept Bot Giza 12613 Egypt Cairo Univ Fac Archaeol Conservat Dept Giza 12613 Egypt

The archeological temples of Karnak in Luxor city are the most important records of the history and civilization of Egypt that belonged to the Middle Kingdom to the reign of the Ptolemies. Many parts in Karnak temple are suffering from different types of biological deterioration products (visible fungal colonies, blood drops, and celluloytic wild bees' nests). The deteriorated samples of archeological sandstone of Karnak temple were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) followed by energy dispersed X-ray analyses (EDX), fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (fTIR) investigations, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarizing microscope (PLM). The major component was quartz. In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma reesei against deteriorative isolated fungal species on Karnak Temple stone was carried out. Trichoderma reesei and fusarium oxysporum, a cellulolytic and fibrinolytic microorganism, were subjected to mutagenesis using three types of radiations (UV, gamma and laser radiation). Stimulation of cellulytic and fibrinolytic microbial enzymes were obtained after 5- and 7.5-min exposure times to laser irradiation in absence of the photosensitizer, respectively. Cellulolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes recovered from non-irradiated and irradiated microbial cells were purified to homogeneity by salting out with ammonium sulphate, dialysis and chromatography through (Sephadex G-200, Sephadex G-100 and diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns) and test for purity by simple polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique was carried out. The enzymes recovered from irradiated hyper-producing mutant microbes was found more efficient accompanied with low molecular weights compared with the non-irradiated purified enzymes. Characterization of the irradiated purified efficient enzymes revealed that the enzymes were alkalo-thermophilic.

关键词： temples of Karnak Bioremediation T reesei f oxysporum wild bees' nests bat drops radiation enzyme purification

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Ecological adaptation of the shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa Cf Gaertn.) along climatic gradient in Benin, West Africa

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AfRICAN JOURNAL Of ECOLOGY 2011年第4期49卷 440-449页

作者： Kakai, Romain Glele Akpona, T. Jean Didier Assogbadjo, Achille E. Gaoue, Orou Gande Chakeredza, Sebastian Gnangle, P. Cesaire Mensah, Guy Apollinaire Sinsin, Brice Univ Abomey Calavi Fac Agron Sci Cotonou Benin Univ Tennessee Natl Inst Math & Biol Synth Knoxville TN 37996 USA ANAFE Nairobi Kenya Natl Inst Agr Res Benin INRAB Cotonou Benin

The ecological adaptation of shea butter trees was assessed based on their dendrometric and production traits in four shea butter tree parks occurring in different climatic zones of Benin. A total of 99 rectangular plots of 50 x 30 m were established within the four parks according to a random sampling scheme. In each plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > 10 cm were inventoried and measured for stem and crown diameters, and total height. The production of 120 productive shea butter trees was quantified. Collected data were used to compute structural parameters for each park. Moreover, stem diameter and height structures of the trees were established. Principal component analysis was performed on the dendrometric variables, and the first three components were correlated with the climatic parameters. Results revealed significant differences between parks in most of the dendrometric and production parameters of shea butter trees. for all the four parks, stem diameter and height structures present a Gaussian shape with left dissymmetry. In the Guinean zone, shea butter trees develop large crowns but produce little quantities of fruits, whereas in the Sudanian regions, the opposite trend was observed.

关键词： climate morphology parks structure Vitellaria paradoxa C f Gaertn West Africa

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Evaluation System for farmers' Satisfaction Degree in the Green Energy Saving Rebuilding of Rural Residence

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Asian Agricultural Research 2011年第2期3卷 16-19,23页

作者： ZHU Xiao-dong,LU Mei School of Management,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China

In view of the present situation of measuring a green residence just by energy saving and environmental protection,we propose that we should build the rural residence more from the farmer's view and set up an evaluation system based on farmers satisfaction.A total of 16 factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction degree of green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence are *** survey on 110 peasant households is carried out under different situations in Guanzhong region in Shaanxi Province,so as to obtain the importance score of evaluation *** constructing the evaluation system for farmers' satisfaction degree,factor Analysis Method is used to classify the related influencing *** analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process and the objective analysis of factor Analysis Method are combined together to determine the weights of factors at different ***,the final evaluation model is obtained,which provides guidance for the further green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence in China.

关键词： Green rebuilding farmers satisfaction degree AHP f

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Intelligent seismic isolation system using air bearings and earthquake early warning

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SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 2011年第2期31卷 223-230页

作者： fujita, Satoshi Minagawa, Keisuke Tanaka, Go Shimosaka, Haruo Tokyo Denki Univ Dept Mech Engn Chiyoda Ku Tokyo 1018457 Japan Oiles Corp Engn Dev Dept Ashikaga Tochigi 3260327 Japan Meiji Univ Dept Mech Engn Tama Ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 2148571 Japan

Recently strong seismic waves or long period seismic waves have been observed in various earthquakes that occurred in Japan. As a result improvements of existing seismic isolation systems are deemed necessary. The present study proposed an intelligent seismic isolation system encompassing air bearings and earthquake early warning (EEW) system. Such system exhibits adequate isolation performance. The air bearings are isolation device that may render infinite the superstructure natural period by floating them, and the EEW is applied for a trigger of isolation. This paper illustrates the proposed system and discusses the experimental results of a test carried out with the system. Laboratory tests carried out in the present research demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed base isolated systems and prove its efficacy in mitigating the effects of three-dimensional seismic waves. for example, the system suppressed the horizontal response acceleration of an isolation target to 38% of input acceleration. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： EEW earthquake early warning JMA Japan Meteorological Agency UPS uninterruptible power supply PC personal computer NS north–south EW east–west UD up–down μ friction coefficient of air bearings f H frictional force of air bearings m mass of an isolation frame for experiments g gravity acceleration

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Three essays on housing and credit

Three essays on housing and credit

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作者： Xu, Yilan University of Pittsburgh

学位级别：Ph.D.

The late-2000s financial crisis has brought great attention to housing market and home mortgage market. I study housing and credit issues using evidence from the United States and China. In Chapter 1, I examine how a court-mandated repeal of a home mortgage regulation in Cleveland affected home foreclosures. To distinguish the effect of deregulation from confounding factors, I apply a difference-in-difference research design using suburbs as the control group for Cleveland. Results indicate that deregulation caused a 49 percent increase in early foreclosures while it did not increase total loan originations. This result implies that bad loans as a share of overall loans increased substantially. In Chapter 2, I evaluate the impact of housing provident funds (HPfs), saving programs that collect deposits from employees and their employers and provide mortgage loans with discounted rates. I exploit a natural experiment in China where the amount of home loans available to employees depends on previous deposits to the fund. Results indicate that after HPf loans became available in 1998, households with two members enrolled in the HPf program enjoyed homeownership 18 percent greater than those with only one member enrolled. furthermore, each additional year of HPf deposits increased homeownership by 4 percent. The results suggest that HPf loans allow higher housing consumption for eligible contributors. In Chapter 3, my coauthor and I document that home mortgage loans made by out-of-state banks without local branches are more likely to have high interest rates and are sold more to the secondary market than other types of mortgages. Drawing evidence from Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data from 2005 to 2008, we find that the demand for nonlocal mortgages is larger in the neighborhood where local banks' denial rate is higher. And banks make more nonlocal mortgages to out-of-state borrowers if they have better access to the secondary market. The results suggest that securitizat

关键词： d e r e g u l a t i o n ； f o r e c l o s u r e ； c r e d i t a c c e s s ； h o u s i

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Essays on Asset Pricing

Essays on Asset Pricing

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作者： Li, Su University of Maryland College Park

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay is titled "Speculative Dynamics I: Imperfect Competition and the Implications for High frequency Trading". In this essay, I analyze the nature of imperfect competition among informed traders who continuously generate and exploit private information about a risky asset's liquidation value which follows either a mean reverting process or random walk. I find the following results: (i) The combined trading of multiple informed traders is much more aggressive than the monopolistic trader in Chau and Vayanos (2008). (ii) The equilibrium price is even more revealing of the informed trader's private information. (iii) Market depth improves as the number of informed traders increases. (iv) In the limit of continuous trading, market is strong form efficient while aggregate profits of the informed traders remain bounded away from zero, in sharp contrast to the corresponding results in Holden and Subrahmanyam (1992), and foster and Viswanathan (1993). (vi) Informed traders' inventories follows a Brownian motion, therefore enabling them to contribute significantly to total trading volume and price variance. These results shed light on empirical findings regarding high frequency traders by helping explain why they remain profitable despite aggressive competition with each other, why their trading volume is very high, to what extent they improve efficiency, and through what mechanism they improve liquidity. The second essay is titled "Speculative Dynamics II: Asymmetric Informed Traders". In this essay, I study the strategic interaction between hierarchical duopolistic informed traders who continuously generate and exploit private information about a risky asset's liquidation value, which follows either a mean reverting process or random walk. I find the following results: (i) Both traders duopolize the private information they both observe and the more informed trader monopolizes the additional exclusive private informat

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , I m p e r f e c t c o m p e t i t i o n , K y l e ' s M o d e l

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Three Essays on Demand Management

Three Essays on Demand Management

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作者： Cao, James Yi University of California Irvine

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation consists of three essays on demand management. In the first essay, we explore the implications of using an "online-to-store'' channel to more effectively reach different customer segments. We develop an analytical framework to study the impact of the channel on the demand allocations, pricing decisions and profitability of the retailer. We show that providing this new channel helps the retailer tap new customer segments and generate additional demand, but at the same time it may hurt the retailer by cannibalizing existing channels and increasing operating costs. Our model framework allows us to illustrate these fundamental tradeoffs and consequently provides useful insights for understanding the specific product characteristics that are most conducive for increasing profitability. In the second essay, we examine the role of forecast updating in an assemble-to-order environment. We consider the case of a contract manufacturer who needs to procure multiple components from independent suppliers in anticipation of a future order from a client. Using an analytical model, we derive the profitability and optimal procurement strategies for both an updating and a non-updating firm. Our results indicate that the firm with the capability to continuously update its forecast will be consistently more profitable than a non-updating firm. We subsequently identify the ideal operating environments under which updating should be implemented by examining the firm's sensitivity to changes in procurement costs and lead times. In the third essay, we explore the role of forecast updating in a supply chain with asymmetric demand information. Using an analytical model, we first consider a centralized channel and explore the benefits of having better demand forecasts. We then consider the case of a supplier that sells to a downstream retailer who benefits from demand updates when sales are realized in each period. Since the supplier is higher on the supply chain and is not

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , A p p l i e d s c i e n c e s , A s y m m e t r i c i n f o r m

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利用EDTA和Ca(OH)2同时萃取茶园土壤中的铝和氟

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湖南农业科学 2012年第10期 19-20页

作者：文双喜曾清如刘爱军江幸刘杰伍新花湖南农业大学资源环境学院

为了解决茶园土中Al和f的污染问题,探讨利用EDTA溶液和Ca(OH)2去除茶园土壤中Al3+和f-的可行性,结果表明:20 mmol/L的EDTA溶液萃取茶园土壤中的Al3+和f-效率最高;Ca(OH)2能沉淀分离EDTA溶液中90%的Al3+,同时也能去除EDTA溶液中大部分f-;... 详细信息

为了解决茶园土中Al和f的污染问题,探讨利用EDTA溶液和Ca(OH)2去除茶园土壤中Al3+和f-的可行性,结果表明:20 mmol/L的EDTA溶液萃取茶园土壤中的Al3+和f-效率最高;Ca(OH)2能沉淀分离EDTA溶液中90%的Al3+,同时也能去除EDTA溶液中大部分f-;Ca(OH)2沉淀结合连续萃取能显著降低萃取液中的Al3+和f-浓度,有效地去除土壤中的Al和f。这说明利用EDTA和Ca(OH)2可有效地解决茶园土壤中Al和f的污染问题。

关键词：茶园土 EDTA萃取 Ca(OH)2沉淀 Al f

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