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Use of culture and molecular methods for identification and characterization of dry bean fungal root rot pathogens in Zambia

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TROPICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020年第4期45卷 385-396页

作者： Mukuma, Chikoti Godoy-Lutz, Graciela Eskridge, Kent Steadman, James Urrea, Carlos Muimui, Kennedy Univ Nebraska Dept Plant Pathol Lincoln NE 68583 USA Zambia Agr Res Inst Misamfu Reg Res Ctr POB 410055 Kasama Zambia Inst Dominicano Invest Agr & Forestales IDIAF Santo Domingo Dominican Rep

Root and crown rot (RCR) of dry bean is a disease complex caused by soil-borne pathogens that can limit bean production in Zambia. Identifying the primary pathogen in the complex would facilitate the control as well as breeding for resistance to the disease. Plant tissue samples and DNA embedded fTA(R)Cards were collected to isolate, detect and molecularly identify RCR pathogens using genus/species specific primers as well as high throughput deep sequencing with illumina Miseq using universal eukaryote bar coded primers Euk7. A total of 204 isolates were characterized using morphological features and Sanger sequencing. Analysis of reads and operational taxonomic units from illumina sequencing, detection frequencies from polymerized chain reaction as well as morphological characterization revealedfusariumspecies complex as the main component of RCR complex of dry bean in Zambia, primarilyf. oxysporum, followed byf. solani. A sensitivity chi-square test comparing detection methods of the four major RCR pathogens showed statistical differences. A highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) confirmed by a good agreement (kappa (k) 0.5 to 0.6,p < 0.05) was found between fTA(R)Card and direct plant tissue. Use of fTA(R)Cards can facilitate sampling, storing and analysis of DNA for RCR pathogen identification.

关键词： Phaseolis vulgaris fusarium oxysporum f solani Oomycetes Illumina sequencing

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Constraints in estimating the proton density fat fraction

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2020年第0期66卷 1-8页

作者： Bydder, Mark Ghodrati, Vahid Gao, Yu Robson, Matthew D. Yang, Yingli Hu, Peng Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Dept Radiol Sci Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Perspectum Diagnost 23-38 Hythe Bridge St Oxford OX1 2ET England Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Dept Radiat Oncol Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

The study evaluates four physically motivated constraints in the estimation of the proton density fat fraction (PDff). Least squares approaches were developed for constraining the parameters in PDff quantification based on the physics of magnetic resonance imaging. These were smooth fieldmap, smooth initial phase, nonnegative proton density and moderate R-2* values. The constraints were evaluated in terms of their influence on the bias and standard deviation of the estimated parameters using numerical simulations and in vivo data acquired at 0.35 T. Results show that unconstrained least squares estimation is noisy and biased and that constraints can be effective at reducing both the standard deviation and bias.

关键词： PDff proton density fat fraction MR magnetic resonance IDEAL Iterative Decomposition of Water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-Squares Estimation GRAPPA GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partial Parallel Acquisition B 0 field inhomogeneity map R 2 ∗ transverse relaxitivity ψ = B 0 + iR 2 ∗ complex field map Ψ known desirable field map ϕ initial phase w water signal f fat signal ε noise

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Phenolic Compounds of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Hypsizygus tessellatus (brown and white var.) and flammulina velutipes caps: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2020年第2期54卷 170-183页

作者： Ukaegbu, Chinonso Ishmael Shah, Samiur Rashid Abd Hamid, Hazrulrizawati Alara, Oluwaseun Ruth Sarker, Md. Zaidul Islam Univ Malaysia Pahang Fac Ind Sci & Technol Gambang 26300 Pahang Malaysia Univ Malaysia Pahang Fac Chem & Nat Resources Engn Gambang 26300 Pahang Malaysia Int Islamic Univ Fac Pharm Gombak Malaysia

Since the World Health Organization has suggested the exploration of natural products for cancer management owing to the side effects of chemotherapy and irradiation on humans and breast cancer accounts for the highest number of cancer related deaths globally, this study has examined antiproliferative effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts of Hypsizygus tessellatus (brown and white var.) and flammulina velutipes caps against two breast cancer cell lines. The antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of these mushroom extracts were evaluated in vitro using chemical-based (for antioxidant activity) and cell (for antiproliferative activity) approaches. furthermore, the phytochemical composition of the mushroom extracts were identified using mass spectroscopy (UPLC-QTOf/MS). The obtained results showed aqueous extracts of f. velutipes (Enoki) and white H. tessellatus (Bunapi shimeji) caps to possess higher antiodixant activities against DPPH (IC50 = 0.202 and 0.573 mg/mL, respectively), and H2O2 (IC50 = 0.622 and 0.745 mg/mL, respectively) compared tothe methanol extracts. Aqueous extracts of the mushrooms also showed better ferric reducing antioxidant power (fRAP) values against ferric ions compared to the methanol extracts. finally, the mushroom extracts showed good antiproliferative activities against human breast cancer cell lines. These findings suggest the presence of phytochemicals with antiproliferative and antioxidant acrtivities in the mushroom extracts studied.

关键词： antiproliferative antioxidant phytochemicals H tessellatus f Velutipes

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Gene-wide identification and expression analysis of the PMEI family genes in soybean (Glycine max)

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3 BIOTECH 2020年第8期10卷 1-19页

作者： Wang, Jingjing Ling, Lei Cai, He Guo, Changhong Harbin Normal Univ Key Lab Mol Cytogenet & Genet Breeding Heilongjia Coll Life Sci & Technol 1 Shida Rd Harbin 150025 Peoples R China Heilongjiang Vocat Coll Biol Sci & Technol Harbin Peoples R China Mudanjiang Normal Univ Mudanjiang Peoples R China

Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitors (PMEI) gene family is widely spread in plants and plays crucial roles in plant development as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. However, little information was known about the function ofPMEIgenes in soybean. Herein, we identified 170PMEIgenes in soybean. ThesePMEIgenes were divided into four groups (I-IV) based on phylogenetic analysis, and they were unevenly distributed in 18 soybean chromosomes. Gene structures and motif pattern analyses revealed that thePMEIgenes in the same group showed the same characteristics. for theGmPMEIgenes, gene duplication events occurred broadly, 52 pairs tandem duplication events and 55 pairs segmental duplication events suggested that theGmPMEIgenes had high homology. Besides, thePMEIgenes presented different expression patterns in different tissues, while several of these genes were expressed only in flowers. Under the biotic and abiotic stresses,PMEIgenes had significant positive impact on the tolerance ability of soybean, and the ABA-responsive elements and SA-responsive elements played vital roles in responding to a variety of stresses. This study provides insights into the evolution and potential functions ofGmPMEIs.

关键词： Soybean PMEI protein f oxysporum P sojae

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Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ortho-Aroylation of 2-Aryl-quinazolinone Comprising Intrinsic Directing Group with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids

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ASIAN JOURNAL Of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020年第12期9卷 2095-2098页

作者： Waghmare, Deepali S. Tambe, Shrikant D. Kshirsagar, Umesh A. SP Pune Univ Dept Chem Pune Maharashtra India Indian Inst Technol Indore Discipline Chem Indore India

Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-aroylation of 2-aryl-quinazolinones with alpha-oxocarboxylic acids for the synthesis of diaryl ketones has been developed. Biologically interested novel quinazolinones with diaryl ketone functionality has been obtained with moderate to excellent yield from easily accessible 2-aryl-quinazolinones having inherent directing group.

关键词： Quinazolinone decarboxylative coupling catalysis f C acylation C− H activation

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Optimization of Growth Conditions and Biochemical Composition ofMicrochloropsis salina, Cultured with Three Macroalgal Aqueous Extracts

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THALASSAS 2020年第2期36卷 415-429页

作者： Abdel-Kareem, Mohamed S. Mohy El Din, Soad M. Ibrahim, El-Sayed M. Alexandria Univ Fac Sci Dept Bot & Microbiol Alexandria 21511 Moharam Bey Egypt

The utilization of microalgae for the production of numerous biotechnological products is growing in importance and there are several large production systems for microalgae. Meanwhile, their production is subjected to high cost problems, and the need for clean and low-cost production demands many investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. We investigated the growth, biomass, and biochemical composition ofMicrochloropsis salinausing different concentrations ofUlva linza,Pterocladia capillaceaandSargassum hornschuchiiaqueous extracts against conventional f/2 medium.M. salinawas successfully cultured using the tested seaweed extracts and exhibited higher cell density and biomass when seaweed extracts were used as a supplement or an alternative medium. The growth ofM. salinawas optimized through the manipulation of several algal cultivation conditions such as light intensity, light/dark cycles, salinity and pH. WhenP. capillaceaaqueous extracts were used as an alternative medium, microalgal recorded the highest values of total chlorophylls, total carotenoids and total carbohydrates. The maximum value of total lipids was recorded atS. hornschuchiiextract, and the maximum value of total proteins was recorded atU. linzaextract, compared with control (f/2 medium). Data are statistically significant at p < 0.05, according to the analysis of variance. In conclusion, we believe that the seaweed aqueous extracts evaluated in this study are able to provide the necessary inorganic nutrients and minerals for tested species growth and could be used as a cost-effective media in establishing microalgal populations.

关键词： Seaweed aqueous extracts Microchloropsis salina f 2 medium Changing growth to algae culture Biochemical composition

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Evaluation of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of ferula szowitsiana root on PHA-induced inflammation in human lymphocytes

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DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY 2020年第4期43卷 353-360页

作者： Askari, Vahid Reza Baradaran Rahimi, Vafa Assaran, Amin Iranshahi, Mehrdad Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein Mashhad Univ Med Sci Pharmacol Res Ctr Med Plants Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Dept Pharmacol Student Res Comm Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Neurogen Inflammat Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Pharm Dept Pharmacognosy Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Med Dept Physiol Mashhad *** Razavi Khorasan Iran

Inflammation is defined as a defensive response of the body against either the endogenous or exogenous triggers, while this process becomes chronic leading to various disorders such as asthma, cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Recently, pharmacological properties of different constituents of f. szowitsiana have been reported. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of f. szowitsiana root on human isolated lymphocytes. The effects of either f. szowitsiana (10, 40 and 160 mu g/ml) or dexamethasone (0.1 mM) were evaluated on the levels of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and total glutathione content (GSH) as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNf)-alpha] in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation (n = 8 for each group). PHA stimulation notably elevated ROS, NO, MDA, IL-6, and TNf-alpha levels as well as diminished GSH, CAT and SOD levels. In PHA-stimulated, the results also revealed that f. szowitsiana (10-160 mu g/ml) significantly decreased MDA, ROS, NO, IL-6 and TNf-alpha levels as well as increased CAT, SOD and GSH levels. Collectively, f. szowitsiana is able to attenuate the overproduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the presence of PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes, while to propagate the anti-oxidative defense. Contextually, the plant has promising healing effects in the different inflammatory disorders associated with the interference of the acquired immune system such as multiple sclerosis and asthma.

关键词： f szowitsiana inflammation oxidative stress T lymphocytes tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Diagonability of matrices over commutative semirings

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LINEAR & MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA 2020年第9期68卷 1743-1752页

作者： Tan, Yi-Jia Fuzhou Univ Dept Math Fuzhou 350116 Peoples R China

A square matrix is said to be diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix. In this paper, we discuss diagonability of matrices over commutative semirings and give an equivalent condition for an idempotent matrix over a commutative semiring to be diagonalizable. Also, we obtain an equivalent description for a matrix over a multiplicatively cancellative and commutative semiring to be diagonalizable.

关键词： J f Queiro Matrix idempotent matrix diagonalization commutative semiring

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Ocean currents and the population genetic signature of fish migrations

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ECOLOGY 2020年第3期101卷 e02967-e02967页

作者： Krueck, Nils C. Treml, Eric A. Innes, David J. Ovenden, Jennifer R. Univ Queensland Sch Biol Sci St Lucia Campus Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia Univ Tasmania Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies Hobart Tas 7001 Australia Deakin Univ Sch Life & Environm Sci Ctr Integrat Ecol Geelong Vic 3216 Australia Queensland Govt Dept Agr & Fisheries POB 6097 Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia Univ Queensland Sch Biomed Sci Mol Fisheries Lab St Lucia Campus Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

Animal migrations are a fascinating and global phenomenon, yet they are often difficult to study and sometimes poorly understood. Here, we build on classic ecological theory by hypothesizing that some enigmatic spawning migrations across coastal marine habitats can be inferred from the population genetic signature of larval dispersal by ocean currents. We test this assumption by integrating spatially realistic simulations of alternative spawning migration routes, associated patterns of larval dispersal, and associated variation in the population genetic structure of eastern Australian sea mullet (Mugil cephalus). We then use simulation results to assess the implications of alternative spawning destinations for larval replenishment, and we contrast simulated against measured population genetic variation. Both analyses suggest that the spawning migrations of M. cephalus in eastern Australia are likely to be localized (approximately 100 km along the shore), and that spawning is likely to occur in inshore waters. Our conclusions are supported by multiple lines of evidence available through independent studies, but they challenge the more traditional assumption of a single, long-distance migration event with subsequent offshore spawning in the East Australian Current. More generally, our study operationalizes classic theory on the relationship between fish migrations, ocean currents, and reproductive success. However, rather than confirming the traditionally assumed adaptation of migratory behavior to dominant ocean current flow, our findings support the concept of a genetically measurable link between fish migrations and local oceanographic conditions, specifically water temperature and coastal retention of larvae. We believe that future studies using similar approaches for high resolution and spatially realistic ecological-genetic scenario testing can help rapidly advance our understanding of key ecological processes in many other marine species.

关键词： connectivity contranatant theory f (ST) larval dispersal SNPs spawning migrations

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A Simple and Efficient Inoculation Method for fusarium Dry Rot Evaluations in Potatoes

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AMERICAN JOURNAL Of POTATO RESEARCH 2020年第3期97卷 265-271页

作者： Chen, Dahu Nahar, Kamrun Bizimungu, Benoit Soucy, Sylvia Peters, Rick D. De Koeyer, David Dickison, Virginia Agr & Agri Food Canada Fredericton Res & Dev Ctr 850 Lincoln Rd Fredericton NB E3B 4Z7 Canada Agr & Agri Food Canada Charlottetown Res & Dev Ctr 440 Univ Ave Charlottetown PE C1A 7Z5 Canada

fusarium dry rot (fDR), caused by fusarium species is an important potato disease world-wide and causes post-harvest rotting and seed-piece decay after planting. In this study, we compared two inoculation methods - cork borer wounding (CBW) and plastic screw wounding (PSW) - for consistent and reproducible disease development in potatoes. A plastic screw was used as a tool to make nearly identical wounds and simultaneously deliver similar quantities of inoculum into tubers, while at the same time sealing the wound in a single step. The PSW method resulted in tuber dry rot severities comparable to that obtained using the traditional CBW method. Tuber rot severities obtained using the two methods were highly correlated in the same sets of tubers, among the three inoculations conducted at different time periods (r values ranging from 0.56-0.95;p < 0.001) for both years of the study. The PSW inoculation method condensed the wounding, inoculum delivery and wound sealing into a single step, thus saving considerable time when compared to the CBW inoculation method. The single use of individual plastic screws can also prevent cross-contamination from non-target microorganisms, which may reside inside the surface-sterilized tubers. The PSW method can be efficiently used to screen potato breeding lines for resistance to fusarium dry rot.

关键词： Solanum tuberosum f sambucinum f oxysporum f coeruleum Culture media

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