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Prevalence of Blastocystis and its association with firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in clinically healthy and metabolically ill subjects

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BMC MICROBIOLOGY 2021年第1期21卷 339-339页

作者： Munoz Yanez, Claudia Mendez Hernandez, Alejandra Martinez Sandoval, Alondra Maravilla Dominguez, Maria Aurora Zavaleta Muniz, Soraya Amali Guangorena Gomez, Janeth Oliva Univ Juarez Estado Durango Lab Microbiol & Parasitol Mol Fac Ciencias Salud Sixto Ugalde & Palmas I S-N Durango 35050 Mexico Inst Ciencia & Med Genom Av Juarez 1822 Torreon 27000 Coahuila Mexico

Background Blastocystis is a typical anaerobic colon protist in humans with controversial pathogenicity and has relation with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whose eventual indicator is the firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (f/B ratio);this indicator is also linked to complications such as diabetes, obesity, or inflammatory bowel disease. The present study investigated the prevalence of Blastocystis and its association with firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in healthy and metabolic diseased subjects. Methods fecal and blood samples were collected consecutively from 200 healthy subjects and 84 subjects with metabolic disease;Blastocystis and its most frequent subtypes were identified by end-point PCR and the two most representative phyla of the intestinal microbiota firmicutes and Bacteroidetes by real-time PCR. Results The prevalence of Blastocystis in healthy subjects was 47.0, and 65.48% in subjects with metabolic disease;the most prevalent subtype in the total population was ST3 (28.38%), followed by ST1 (14.86%), ST4, ST5, and ST7 (each one of them with 14.19% respectively), and finally ST2 (8.78%). The low f/B ratio was associated with the prevalence of Blastocystis in the two cohorts fACSA (OR = 3.78 p < 0.05) and UNEME (OR = 4.29 p < 0.05). Regarding the subtype level, an association between the fACSA cohort ST1 and ST7 with low firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was found (OR = 3.99 and 5.44 p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions The evident predatory role of Blastocystis over firmicutes phylum was observed in both cohorts since the abundance of bacterial group's Bacteroidetes increases in the groups colonized by this eukaryote and, therefore, may have a beneficial effect.

关键词： Blastocystis firmicutes Bacteroidetes f B ratio Subtypes

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Effectiveness of corticosteroids on chest high-resolution computed tomography features of COVID-19 pneumonia

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THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2021年第15期15卷

作者： Calabrese, Cecilia Pafundi, Pia Clara Mollica, Mariano Annunziata, Anna Imitazione, Pasquale Lanza, Maurizia Polistina, Giorgio flora, Martina Guarino, Salvatore Palumbo, Cristiana fiorentino, Giuseppe Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitetti Dept Translat Med Sci Via Leonardo Bianchi I-80131 Naples Italy AORN Osped Colli Via Leonardo Bianchi I-80131 Naples Italy Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Dept Adv Med & Surg Sci Naples Italy AORN Osped Colli Dept Intens Care Naples Italy AORN Osped Colli Dept Radiodiagnost Naples Italy

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a short-term treatment with low-moderate corticosteroid (CS) doses by both a quantitative and qualitative assessment of chest HRCT of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: CORTICOVID is a single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study involving severe/critical COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate ARDS. Lung total severity score was obtained according to Chung and colleagues. Moreover, the relative percentages of lung total severity score by ground glass opacities, consolidations, crazy paving, and linear bands were computed. Chest HRCT scores, P/f ratio, and laboratory parameters were evaluated before (pre-CS) and 7-10 days after (post-CS) methylprednisolone of 0.5-0.8 mg/kg/day. findings: A total of 34 severe/critical COVID-19 patients were included in the study, of which 17 received Standard of Care (SoC) and 17 CS therapy in add-on. CS treatment disclosed a significant decrease in HRCT total severity score [median = 6 (IQR: 5-7.5) versus 10 (IQR: 9-13) in SoC, p < 0.001], as well in single consolidations [median = 0.33 (IQR: 0-0.92) versus 6.73 (IQR: 2.49-8.03) in SoC, p < 0.001] and crazy paving scores [mean = 0.19 (SD = 0.53) versus 1.79 (SD = 2.71) in SoC, p = 0.010], along with a significant increase in linear bands [mean = 2.56 (SD = 1.65) versus 0.97 (SD = 1.30) in SoC, p = 0.006]. GGO score instead did not significantly differ at the end of treatment between the two groups. Most post-CS GGO, however, derived from previous consolidations and crazy paving [median = 1.5 (0.35-3.81) versus 2 (1.25-3.8) pre-CS;p = 0.579], while pre-CS GGO significantly decreased after methylprednisolone therapy [median = 0.66 (0.05-1.33) versus 1.5 (0.35-3.81) pre-CS;p = 0.004]. CS therapy further determined a significant improvement in P/f levels [median P/f = 310 (IQR: 235.5-370) versus 136 (IQR: 98.5-211.75) in SoC;p < 0.001], and a significant increase in white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils absolute values.

关键词： ARDS chest high-resolution computed tomography corticosteroids COVID-19 P f

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Ordering kinetics and steady state of self-propelled particles with random-bond disorder

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JOURNAL Of PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL 2021年第11期54卷

作者： Singh, Jay Prakash Pattanayak, Sudipta Mishra, Shradha Indian Inst Technol BHU Dept Phys Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India SN Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci JD BlockSect 3 Kolkata 700106 India

In this study, we introduce a minimal model for a collection of polar self-propelled particles (SPPs) on a two-dimensional substrate where each particle has a different ability to interact with its neighbors. The SPPs interact through a short-range alignment interaction and interaction strength of each particle is obtained from a uniform distribution. Moreover, the volume exclusion among the SPPs is taken care of by introducing a repulsive interaction among them. We characterise the ordered steady state and kinetics of the system for different strengths of the disorder. We find that the presence of the disorder does not destroy the usual long-range ordering in the system. To our surprise, we note that the density clustering is enhanced in the presence of the disorder. Moreover, the disorder leads to the formation of a random network of different interaction strengths, which makes the alignment weaker and it results in the slower dynamics. Hence, the disorder leads to more cohesion among the particles. furthermore, we note that the kinetics of the ordered state remains unaffected in the presence of the disorder. Size of orientationally ordered domains and density clusters grow with time with dynamic growth exponents z(o) similar to 2 and z(rho) similar to 4, respectively.

关键词： H T M L f E

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Spanish Cultural Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised

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JOURNAL Of AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2020年第7期50卷 2412-2423页

作者： Magan-Maganto, Maria Canal-Bedia, Ricardo Hernandez-fabian, Aranzazu Bejarano-Martin, Alvaro fernandez-alvarez, Clara J. Martinez-Velarte, Maria Martin-Cilleros, Maria V. flores-Robaina, Noelia Roeyers, Herbert Posada de la Paz, Manuel Univ Salamanca Ctr Atenc Integral Autismo INFOAUTISMO Fac Educ Univ Inst Community Integrat INICO Salamanca Spain Univ Salamanca Hosp Univ Salamanca Salamanca Spain Serv Psiquiat Complejo Asistencial Zamora Zamora Spain Univ Salamanca Fac Psychol Univ Inst Community Integrat INICO Salamanca Spain Univ Ghent Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol Ghent Belgium Inst Salud Carlos III Inst Rare Dis Res Madrid Spain Inst Salud Carlos III CIBERER Madrid Spain

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-revised/follow-up (M-CHAT-R/f) was developed to reduce the number of cases requiring telephone verification. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the M-CHAT-R/f in the Spanish public health system. The M-CHAT-R/f was translated, culturally adapted, and then administered to 6625 children. Of the 39 positive screening cases, 15 children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 24 with non-ASD disorders or delays. The sensitivity was 0.79 and specificity of 0.99. Positive and negative predictive values were 0.39 and 0.99, respectively. These results are similar to the English equivalent, though observed prevalence was lower. This study supports Spanish National Health System policy makers to consider a universal ASD screening program.

关键词： Autism Screening tools Early detection Cross-cultural validation M-CHAT-R f

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What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis

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OBESITY REVIEWS 2021年第2期22卷 e13137-e13137页

作者： O'Donoghue, Grainne Blake, Catherine Cunningham, Caitriona Lennon, Olive Perrotta, Carla Univ Coll Dublin Sch Publ Hlth Physiotherapy & Sports Sci Dublin Ireland

Current international guidelines recommend people living with obesity should be prescribed a minimum of 300 min of moderately intense activity per week for weight loss. However, the most efficacious exercise prescription to improve anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRf) and metabolic health in this population remains unknown. Thus, this network meta-analysis was conducted to assess and rank comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions on anthropometry, CRf and other metabolic risk factors. five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different exercise modalities to improve anthropometry, CRf and/or metabolic health in adults living with obesity. RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. Of the 6663 articles retrieved, 45 studies with a total 3566 participants were included. Results reveal that while any type of exercise intervention is more effective than control, weight loss induced is modest. Interventions that combine high-intensity aerobic and high-load resistance training exert beneficial effects that are superior to any other exercise modality at decreasing abdominal adiposity, improving lean body mass and increasing CRf. Clinicians should consider this evidence when prescribing exercise for adults living with obesity, to ensure optimal effectiveness.

关键词： exercise training f I T T network meta-analysis obesity

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fusobacterium nucleatum and oral cancer: a critical review

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BMC CANCER 2021年第1期21卷 1212-1212页

作者： McIlvanna, Emily Linden, Gerard J. Craig, Stephanie G. Lundy, fionnuala T. James, Jacqueline A. Queens Univ Belfast Patrick G Johnson Ctr Canc Res Belfast Antrim North Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Ctr Publ Hlth Sch Med Tstry & Biomed Sci Belfast Antrim North Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Precis Med Ctr Excellence Hlth Sci Bldg Belfast Antrim North Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Wellcome Wolfson Inst Expt Med Belfast Antrim North Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Northern Ireland Biobank Hlth Sci Bldg Belfast Antrim North Ireland

There is a growing level of interest in the potential role inflammation has on the initiation and progression of malignancy. Notable examples include Helicobacter pylori-mediated inflammation in gastric cancer and more recently fusobacterium nucleatum-mediated inflammation in colorectal cancer. fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from the oral cavity and identified as a periodontal pathogen. Biofilms on oral squamous cell carcinomas are enriched with anaerobic periodontal pathogens, including f. nucleatum, which has prompted hypotheses that this bacterium could contribute to oral cancer development. Recent studies have demonstrated that f. nucleatum can promote cancer by several mechanisms;activation of cell proliferation, promotion of cellular invasion, induction of chronic inflammation and immune evasion. This review provides an update on the association between f. nucleatum and oral carcinogenesis, and provides insights into the possible mechanisms underlying it.

关键词： fusobacteria f nucleatum Carcinogenesis Oral cancer OSCC

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Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Darunavir and Tenofovir Alafenamide in HIV-1-Infected Patients on the Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Single-Tablet Regimen (AMBER and EMERALD Studies)

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AAPS JOURNAL 2021年第4期23卷 82-82页

作者： Ackaert, Oliver McDougall, David Perez-Ruixo, Carlos Perez-Ruixo, Juan Jose Jezorwski, John Crauwels, Herta M. Janssen Res & Dev Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium Model Answers R&D Brisbane Qld Australia Janssen Res & Dev Pennington NJ USA

The single-tablet regimen darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/f/TAf) 800/150/200/10 mg has undergone phase III studies AMBER (NCT02431247) and EMERALD (NCT02269917) in HIV-infected patients. An existing population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for cobicistat-boosted darunavir (DRV) was updated to describe DRV PK in AMBER and EMERALD. for TAf, a PopPK model was developed using richly sampled phase I/II data and updated with sparsely sampled AMBER data. Individual exposure metrics for DRV and TAf in patients receiving D/C/f/TAf were derived (AMBER, n=356;EMERALD, n=750). The DRV PopPK model is a two-compartment model with sequential zero-order, first-order input. TAf PK is described by a one-compartment model with dual parallel input for absorption (slow and fast pathway). DRV covariates were alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein and body weight. TAf covariates were lean body weight and alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein. DRV and TAf PK were unaffected by age, race, or gender. Estimated DRV mean (SD) C-0h and AUC(24h), respectively, were 1899 (759) ng/mL and 87,909 (20,232) ng*h/mL in AMBER;1813 (859) ng/mL and 85,972 (22,413) ng*h/mL in EMERALD. Estimated TAf mean (SD) AUC(24h) was 132 (41) ng*h/mL. These PK parameters were in line with historical data. No apparent relationships of DRV or TAf exposure with efficacy (virologic response) or safety (metabolic, cardiac, liver, gastrointestinal, skin, bone, renal, pancreas, lipid events) parameters were seen. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that in patients with low plasma concentrations, there is no risk of decreased virologic response or virologic rebound. This supports the use of a once-daily, single-tablet regimen of D/C/f/TAf 800/150/200/10 mg for the treatment of HIV-1-infected subjects.

关键词： AMBER EMERALD D C f TAf darunavir cobicistat population pharmacokinetics tenofovir alafenamide

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Effects of funneliformis mosseae on the fungal community in and soil properties of a continuously cropped soybean system

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APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 2021年 164卷 103930-103930页

作者： Guo, Na Li, Liang Cui, Jiaqi Cai, Baiyan Heilongjiang Univ Coll Life Sci Xuefu Rd 74 Harbin 15008 Peoples R China Heilongjiang East Coll Dept Food & Environm Engn Harbin 150080 Peoples R China Heilongjiang Univ Heilongjiang Key Lab Ecol Restorat & Resource Uti Harbin 150080 Peoples R China Dalian Prod Qual Inspect & Testing Inst Co Ltd Dalian 116000 Peoples R China

Root rot leads to a substantial decline in the production and quality of soybean (Glycine max), particularly in continuous cropping systems. Therefore, it is important to explore methods and mechanisms for the biocontrol of root rot pathogens. In this paper, the fungal community structure in the roots and rhizosphere soil was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology under non-inoculated- and funneliformis mosseae-inoculated conditions. Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyse the effects of f. mosseae on the fungal community structure and the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In different samples (roots and rhizosphere soils), the fungal diversity index in HN48 was higher than that in HN66, while that without f. mosseae inoculation was slightly higher than that under inoculation with f. mosseae under different years of continuous cropping. Compared to those of non-inoculated plants, fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani were the dominant fungi in different root samples of soybean varieties. However, the predominant genera in the rhizosphere soil samples shifted with inoculation and comprised fusarium, Mortierella, Cryptococcus, Guehomyces and Corynespora. Moreover, after inoculation with f. mosseae, the relative abundance of f. oxysporum and R. solani decreased in the roots and rhizosphere soils. Additionally, RDA showed that the rhizosphere soils showed significant differences depending on f. mosseae inoculation, continuous cropping year, and soybean variety. This study provides new insights into the interaction effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMf) and other fungi in continuously cropped soybean systems.

关键词： Continuously cropped soybean f mosseae Root rot fungal community structure Soil physiochemical properties

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Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial proteins reveals complex structural and functional relationships in fasciola species

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MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 2021年第0期152卷 104754-104754页

作者： Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq Bin Majeed, Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, Muhammad Zulfiqar Jabbar, Abdul Maqbool, Babar Ahmed, Shakeel Mustafa, Hamid Simirgiotis, Mario Juan Chen, Jinping Univ Vet & Anim Sci Dept Anim Breeding & Genet Lahore Pakistan Guangdong Acad Sci Inst Zool Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China South China Agr Univ Coll Agr Guangdong Subctr Natl Ctr Soybean Improvement Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Mol Breeding Guangzhou 510642 Guangdong Peoples R China Univ Vet & Anim Sci Dept Clin Med Lahore Pakistan Univ Austral Chile Fac Ciencias Inst Farm Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile

Mitochondria is a cellular source of energy, appears to play an essential role in dealing with cellular stress induced by environmental stimuli. The genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation affecting the production of cellular energy and regional adaptation to various ecological (climatic) pressures affecting amino acid sequences (variants of protein). However, little is known about the combined effect of protein changes on cell-level metabolic alterations in simultaneous exposure to various environmental conditions, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induction. The present study was designed to address this issue by analyzing the mitochondrial proteins in fasciola species including Cytochrome oxidase (COX1, COX2, COX3, and CYTB) and NADH dehydrogenase (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, and ND6). Mitochondrial proteins were used for detailed computational investigation, using available standard bioinformatics tools to exploit structural and functional relationships. These proteins in fasciola hepatica , fasciola gigentica, and fasciola jacksoni were functionally annotated using public databases. The results showed that the protein of COX1 of f. hepatica, f. gigantica, and f. jacksoni consist of 510, 513, and 517 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of proteins showed that these proteins are conserved in the same regions at ten positions in COX and CYTB proteins while at twelve locations in NADH. Threedimensional structure of COX, CYTB, and NADH proteins were compared and showed differences in additional conserved and binding sites in COX and CYTB proteins as compared to NADH in three species of fasciola. These results based on the amino acid diversity pattern were used to identify sites in the enzyme and the variations in mitochondrial proteins among fasciola species. Our study provides valuable information for future experimental studies, including identification of therapeutic, diagnostic, and immunoprophylact

关键词： NADH dehydrogenase f hepatica f gigantica COX CYTB

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Tissue-specific metabolite profiling of fallopia multiflora (Heshouwu) and fallopia multiflora var. angulata by mass spectrometry imaging and laser microdissection combined with UPLC-Q/TOf-MS

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JOURNAL Of PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS 2021年 200卷 114070-114070页

作者： Zhao, Yujiao Chu, Shanshan Gui, Shuangying Qin, Yuejian Xu, Rui Shan, Tingyu Peng, Huasheng Anhui Univ Chinese Med Sch Pharm Hefei 230012 Peoples R China China Acad Chinese Med Sci Natl Resource Ctr Chinese Mat Med Beijing 100700 Peoples R China Anhui Prov Key Lab Res & Dev Chinese Med Hefei 230012 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Res Unit DAO DI Herbs 2019RU57 Beijing 100700 Peoples R China

Heshouwu, derived from root tubers of fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald., is a well-known herb used for millennia in traditional Chinese medicine. However, different forms of root tubers of Heshouwu have occurred in current Chinese herbal market and used in clinic, although it is still unknown whether their quality is consistent. In the present study, a mass spectrometry imaging and laser microdissection com-bined with UPLC-Q/TOf-MS were therefore used for the metabolite profiling on the whole and different parts of root tubers of f. multiflora and f. multiflora var. angulata. Our results suggested that the character of "woody heart" root tubers of f. multiflora was similar to that of f. multiflora var. angulata, but the latter had more phloem fibers and larger diameter vessel in the normal vascular bundle. Moreover, 140 compounds including stilbenes, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, naphthalenes, and other compounds were identified or putatively characterized from f. multiflora and f. multiflora var. angulata. Both unsupervised princi-pal component analysis (PCA) and supervised Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) multivariate statistics allowed discriminating f. multiflora and f. multiflora var. angulata. And a total of 32 potential markers were identified. The tissue-specific study indicated that the compounds in the phelloderm of f. multiflora and f. multiflora var. angulata were the most abundant. This is the first study on metabolite profiling and comparison of root tubers between f. multiflora and f. multiflora var. angulata, which would provide reasonable basis for further quality evaluation and safe medication of f. multiflora. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multiflora f multiflora var angulata Laser microdissection UPLC-Q TOf-MS Mass spectrometry imaging

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