The relevance of superinfection as a model to identify correlates of protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) depends on whether the superinfecting transmission resembles primary infection, which has not ...
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The relevance of superinfection as a model to identify correlates of protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) depends on whether the superinfecting transmission resembles primary infection, which has not been established. Here, we characterize the genetic bottleneck in superinfected individuals for the first time. In all 3 cases, superinfection produced a spike in viral load and could be traced to a single, C-C chemokine receptor 5-tropic founder virus with shorter, less glycosylated variable regions than matched chronic viruses. These features are consistent with primary HIV transmission and provide support for the use of superinfection as a model to address correlates of protection against HIV.
In Lithuania, two species of the genus fragaria L. (Rosaceae), f. vesca L. and f. viridis Weston, occur naturally in the wild and two others, f. moschata Weston and *** Duchesne ex Rozier are found escaped from cultiv...
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In Lithuania, two species of the genus fragaria L. (Rosaceae), f. vesca L. and f. viridis Weston, occur naturally in the wild and two others, f. moschata Weston and *** Duchesne ex Rozier are found escaped from cultivation. The main objective of this study was to establish the variation pattern in the content of chlorogenic acid, rutin and hyperoside in leaves and fruits of the native Lithuanian species. In this work, the chemical polymorphisms of different fragaria species were studied by growing plants side by side under the same cultivated field conditions. f. vesca fruits had the highest rutin (1.38 +/- 0.19mg g(1) DM), hyperoside (0.69 +/- 0.10mg g(1) DM) and chlorogenic acid (2.25 +/- 0.34mg g(1) DM) content, followed by f. viridis and f. moschata. Our results showed that the leaves should be taken into account as important rutin and hyperoside contributors for strawberries.
This essay addresses the suggestion made over a century ago by f. W. Maitland that anthropology must choose between being history and being nothing. At the time Maitland was correct in criticizing the simplistic unili...
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This essay addresses the suggestion made over a century ago by f. W. Maitland that anthropology must choose between being history and being nothing. At the time Maitland was correct in criticizing the simplistic unilinear evolutionary schemes of Edward Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan. My own career combines ethnography among Yemeni farmers in the late 1970s with ongoing analysis of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Yemeni agricultural texts, demonstrating the value of drawing on both kinds of research to better understand the history of agriculture in Yemen. Details from the textual corpus are provided to supplement observations made in the field. My approach to agricultural and tax record texts from Yemen's Rasulid period is described as an example of what anthropology and history can contribute to each other. I argue that the choice is not between specific disciplines but rather the application of sound methods that seek to approximate reality rather than dogmatically recreate it. Anthropology and history have much to gain, as Evans-Pritchard once noted, in learning from each other. Anthropology is approached as a research field that has no preconceived borders, but one that necessitates learning from past methodological and theoretical trends, whether from within the formal discipline or from without.
This article proposes that the foundations of Hegel's contribution to social criticism are compatible with, and enriched by, his meta-theology. His social critique is grounded in his belief that normative ideas - ...
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This article proposes that the foundations of Hegel's contribution to social criticism are compatible with, and enriched by, his meta-theology. His social critique is grounded in his belief that normative ideas - and especially the idea offreedom - are necessarily experiential and historical. Often regarded as a recipe for an authoritarian reconciliation with the status quo, Hegel's philosophy has been dismissed by some unsympathetic commentators from the left as inimical to the task of social criticism. Much of the reason for this has been the opinion that his systematic approach to philosophy is one underpinned by either a highly unorthodox theism or, more commonly, pantheism. Even scholars who wish to defend Hegel as a social critic have tended to abandon or at least massively downplay his meta-theology. In this article, I argue that it is precisely the emphasis on his original theo-metaphysics that offers a powerful and relevant contribution to social criticism. Hegel then becomes an important contributor, from the tradition of social criticism, to the growing trend in academia and wider society of rethinking the relationship between the religious and the secular, known as post-secularism. The proposition at the centre of his system - that human history and society are necessary moments in the process of divine self-understanding - is not new. But the specifics of Hegel's concept of God that I am proposing - and, moreover, their implications for his political thought - are new. I propose that Hegel was neither a theist nor a pantheist but, rather, a dialectical panentheist. According to panentheism, God is neither straightforwardly transcendent to nature and history (theism) nor immanently identifiable with nature and history (pantheism), but rather is dynamically and dialectically immanent in the ongoing processes of self-transcendence that are nature and history. If such an interpretation of Hegel's system is valid then the proposition that his political thou
In the continuing study of antifeedant compounds in Protium javanicum Burm. f. against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 6-desacetylnimbin (1), quercitrin (2) and myricitrin (3) were isolated from P. javanicum extract. ...
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In the continuing study of antifeedant compounds in Protium javanicum Burm. f. against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 6-desacetylnimbin (1), quercitrin (2) and myricitrin (3) were isolated from P. javanicum extract. All compounds were characterised by NMR and MS. furthermore, the structure of 6-desacetylnimbin was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The antifeedant activity was evaluated with no-choice feeding tests. At a dose of 0.5?mg, 6-desacetylnimbin exhibited the highest antifeedant activity among the isolates.
Georges Sorel's use of the term diremption to describe his method has long been found obscure. This paper shows that the term was associated with Hegel, and that interpreting it in this light can help us make sens...
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Georges Sorel's use of the term diremption to describe his method has long been found obscure. This paper shows that the term was associated with Hegel, and that interpreting it in this light can help us make sense of Sorel's method. Sorel, this is to say, in his revision of Marxism and his social theory more generally, was engaging specifically with Hegelian philosophy. In addition to clarifying Sorel's method, this perspective allows us both to place Sorel more clearly in his fin-de-siecle context and to draw connections between his work and more recent marxisant theory.
In an unpublished paper from the 1950s (reprinted here with a brief introduction), E. f. Lindquist proposed that correction-for-guessing formulas should be replaced with a more realistic and empirical approach to scor...
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In an unpublished paper from the 1950s (reprinted here with a brief introduction), E. f. Lindquist proposed that correction-for-guessing formulas should be replaced with a more realistic and empirical approach to scoring objective tests. The formula and the underlying assumptions are explained, and several problems with the concept are outlined.
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