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作者： Gale,Lori Roth Columbia University

学位级别：Doctor

A recent period of high executive turnover in community-based nonprofit organizations throughout the United States prompted widespread concern about organizational stability following leadership transition. Such turnover is typically difficult for organizations,characterized by loss of funding,staff turnover,and associated reduction in scope or quality of service to clients. This study explored the use of strategic planning by successor chief executives as a potential means of stabilization. The study hypothesized two main relationships between strategic planning and organizational performance: a) Planning has a positive impact on financial health,within three years of succession;and b) Planning has a positive impact on successors' job satisfaction and intentions to remain in the chief executive role. The study also hypothesized moderating effects related to board involvement in planning,and the nature of strategic priorities that emerge from planning,categorized as incremental change and strategic reorientation. The study's 68 participants were chief executives in the position from 3-10 years,leading human services organizations with budgets between $1.1 million and $245 million. Candidates were identified through the grantee or membership lists of 24 philanthropic foundations,federations or associations. Participants completed an online survey about their strategic planning practices,job satisfaction,and intentions to remain in the CEO role. financial data collected from publicly available IRS form 990s were used to calculate profitability for each of four years surrounding the transition to derive the percent change in profitability. Statistical tests were performed on the full sample and a subsample of CEOs who entered their roles from 2008-2011. There was evidence to support the hypothesis that strategic planning early in the CEOs' tenure is positively associated with increased financial performance,and that the extent of engagement in several planning activiti

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E d u c a t i o n , E x e c u t i v e s u c c e s s i o n , f i n

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fitness for Duty Evaluations: An Analysis of Personality Traits of Law Enforcement Officers Referred due to Domestic Violence

Fitness for Duty Evaluations: An Analysis of Personality Tra...

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作者： Scharf,Jessica Chicago School of Professional Psychology

学位级别：Doctor

The research on police psychology for pre-employment screening has advanced and developed in the field dramatically. However,the focus on post-employment assessment for fitness for duty is an area that has received more limited attention in research. Additionally,concerns within law enforcement regarding domestic violence (DV) is an area that has more recently gained publicity and is an important area to continue to study. The objective of the current study was to analyze personality information from the population of law enforcement officers. Specifically,data was collected from a population of law enforcement officers with histories of domestic violence referral such that they were referred for a fitness for duty evaluation (ffDE). Each of the data set contained California Personality Inventory (CPI) Self-Control scaled scores and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Stress and Dominance scaled scores. The aforementioned scales were analyzed to compare any differences between officers found fit for duty and those that were found unfit for duty. Additionally,the scores were examined to see if differences existed between an initial assessment in which the officers were found unfit for duty,and subsequent ffDE assessments when they were found fit for duty. The data used in this dissertation was archival and accessed through a private company that conducts fitness for duty evaluations. CPI Self-control,PAI Stress and PAI Dominance data was culled from 85 law enforcement officers who had been referred to the agency for a ffDE. The data between groups of officers found fit for duty and those found unfit was analyzed with using an independent sample t-test to determine if significant differences between scores existed. Additionally,a paired samples t-test was used to determine if significant differences existed between the initial test scores of unfit sample group and subsequent scores with the same sample when later found fit. The results determined that there were no

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , P s y c h o l o g y , f i t n e s s , f i t n e s s - f o r - d u t

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2种麻醉方式对老年腔隙性梗死患者术后短期认知功能的影响

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中华全科医学 2015年第11期13卷 1776-1778,1900页

作者：吴佳潘彩飞祝胜美浙江省人民医院麻醉科杭州市310014 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院麻醉科杭州市310003

目的探讨腰-硬联合麻醉组和全身麻醉对老年腔隙性梗死患者术后短期认知功能的影响。方法选择2012年6月—2013年12月收治的行手术治疗的腔隙性梗死老年患者70例作为研究对象,按照麻醉方式分为腰-硬联合麻醉组(A组)和全身麻醉组(B组)。麻... 详细信息

目的探讨腰-硬联合麻醉组和全身麻醉对老年腔隙性梗死患者术后短期认知功能的影响。方法选择2012年6月—2013年12月收治的行手术治疗的腔隙性梗死老年患者70例作为研究对象,按照麻醉方式分为腰-硬联合麻醉组(A组)和全身麻醉组(B组)。麻醉前、手术后,以简易智能状态检测法(MMSE)评分和蒙特利尔认知估量表(MoCA)评分对2组患者认知功能进行评价,并对2组认知功能障碍率进行统计。并运用fMRI对2组患者手术前、后脑内相关功能区的变化进行观察。结果 A组POCD发生率为12%,显著性低于B组的32%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与麻醉前比较,2组术后3 h、术后6 h、术后1 d的MMSE评分、MoCA评分显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组术后3 h、术后6 h、术后1 d的MMSE评分、MoCA评分显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。fMRI结果显示,与麻醉前比较,2组患者术后脑内相关功能区激活明显;与B组比较,A组激活情况明显降低(P<0.05)。结论术前麻醉在一定程度上可损害老年腔隙性梗死患者的认知功能,腰-硬联合麻醉对患者认知功能的伤害较小,对患者脑运动相关功能区变化的影响较小。

关键词：腔隙性梗死腰-硬联合麻醉全身麻醉认知功能 f MRI 老年

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Essays on the Political Economy of Trade Policy and Trade Agreements

Essays on the Political Economy of Trade Policy and Trade Ag...

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作者： Qu, Shen Georgetown University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The first two chapters of this dissertation study the impact of the design of GATT/WTO trade agreements on the organization of domestic interest groups and explain several relevant empirical puzzles. Chapter 1 posits a model of trade policy formation, featuring endogenous firm participation in competing lobbies, and show that weak tariff bindings, as mandated by the GATT/WTO, serve to increase participation in the domestic pro-trade lobby and decrease applied tariffs. In the model the tariff ceiling works as an external constraint that reduces the off-the-equilibrium-path joint payoff of the government and the anti-trade lobby, thus reducing the contribution necessary for the pro-trade lobby to achieve a given applied tariff and thereby encouraging greater participation. The model explains the empirical puzzle, especially in small developing countries, that tariff caps even strictly above the applied tariffs tend to reduce the latter. We then extend the model to show that when a small country enters the negotiations towards a trade agreement, the pro-trade lobby group expands; and when the tariff cap stipulated by the trade agreement is imposed, the pro-trade lobby group expands further. Chapter 2 extends the model in the previous chapter to a setting with large countries. In the model countries can negotiate over a tariff cap that indirectly results in a desired level of applied tariff lower than the cap, and thereby eliminate the terms-of-trade externality with a positive "binding overhang". furthermore, larger countries have lower binding overhangs. The model reconciles the discrepancy between the central role terms-of-trade motives should have played in designing GATT/WTO trade agreements and the implication of previous models that countries set unilateral optimal tariffs when the applied tariffs fall below the bound tariffs. The third chapter of this dissertation builds the firm selection channel in Melitz (2003) into the "protection for sale" model and yields

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E n d o g e n o u s t r a d e p o l i c y , f i r m h e t e r

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An Examination of Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Among Research University Chief financial Officers

An Examination of Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Amo...

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作者： Gallagher, Patrick M. University of Arkansas

学位级别：Ed.D.

The purpose of this study was to measure and report the perceived stress among research postsecondary institution chief financial officers. A non-experimental descriptive approach was used in this investigation. Research questions were developed to describe and seek any differences in stress among the respondents. The population for this study was chief financial officers in research institutions based on the Carnegie foundation for the Advancement of Teaching but excluded CfOs that had responsibility over multiple campuses, medical or professional schools and any vacant positions. The sample consisted of 90 respondents from public and private institutions. Data was collected by a self-reported survey which was a combined instrument using the Perceived Stress Scale, House & Rizzo's Tension Survey, and an amended Maslach Burnout Inventory. Demographic data was collected on the respondents and coping techniques were recorded using an open-ended self-reporting question. Responses indicated that the respondents report moderate levels of stress and parallels previously conducted research. The respondents also claim coping techniques such as exercise, relaxation with friends and family, hobbies and personal activities, spirituality and religious activities to reduce stress which also is consistent with previous research. There was no significance found among the respondents based upon the demographic makeup. Stress is an inevitable occurrence in life, especially for those who have great responsibilities, such as a university CfO. Occupational stress costs include loss of production due to absenteeism, increased medical insurance premiums and a myriad of health problems, just to name a few. for employers the best ways to help their employees cope with stress could include Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), stress intervention programs, or mandated vacation to name a few solutions.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E d u c a t i o n , C h i e f f i n a n c i a l o f f i c e r ,

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Apple picking: The rise of electronic device thefts in Boston subways

Apple picking: The rise of electronic device thefts in Bosto...

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作者： Gentry, Kendra City University of New York

学位级别：Ph.D.

As mobile technology advances and the demand for Wifi and phone coverage increases, electronic device theft is becoming an international problem in metropolitan public transportation systems. Using transit police reports, this dissertation applies crime opportunity theories to understand which factors increased electronic device theft in Boston subway stations from 2003-2011. This approach addresses previous studies regarding crime on public transportation, robbery and larceny on subways and electronic device theft - as none have focused on this problem as the theft of a "hot product" within a "hot environment." Negative binomial regression, crime script analysis, sign tests and temporal pattern identification are used. This study identifies 24 subway stations where electronic device theft is concentrated. The findings suggest that district crime rates and subway station characteristics may help transit police understand why certain stations serve as activity spaces for electronic device theft. It also recognizes "hot times," risky passenger behavior and potential offender tactics. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed.

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , E l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e t h e f t , E n v i r o n m e n

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Major metabolite of f₂-isoprostane in urine may be a more sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress than isoprostane itself

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AMERICAN JOURNAL Of CLINICAL NUTRITION 2012年第2期96卷 405-414页

作者： Dorjgochoo, Tsogzolmaa Gao, Yu-Tang Chow, Wong-Ho Shu, Xiao-ou Yang, Gong Cai, Qiuyin Rothman, Nathaniel Cai, Hui Li, Honglan Deng, Xinying franke, Adrian Roberts, L. Jackson Milne, Ginger Zheng, Wei Dai, Qi Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Div Epidemiol Nashville TN 37212 USA Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Div Clin Pharmacol Nashville TN 37212 USA Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Dept Pharmacol Nashville TN 37212 USA NCI Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet NIH Dept Hlth & Human Serv Bethesda MD 20892 USA Shanghai Canc Inst Dept Epidemiol Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Hawaii Canc Res Ctr Hawaii Honolulu HI 96813 USA

Background: There is limited literature on the contributors to isoprostane metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-f-2t-isoprostane (15-f-2t-IsoP-M) compared with f-2-isoprostanes (f-2-IsoPs) as an oxidative stress biomarker. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma concentrations of antioxidants, urinary excretion rates of polyphenols, and antioxidants in food and dietary supplements are attributable to both urinary f-2-IsoP and 15-f-2t-IsoP-M concentrations. Design: Dietary intake information and blood and urine samples were obtained from 845 healthy middle-aged and elderly female participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Urinary isoprostanes (f-2-IsoPs and 15-f-2t-IsoP-M) were measured and adjusted for creatinine concentrations. Results: Urinary 15-f-2t-IsoP-M and f-2-IsoP concentrations were lower in subjects who used a multivitamin. Lower f-2-IsoP concentrations were observed in ginseng users, whereas lower concentrations of 15-f-2t-IsoP-M were shown in subjects who used a vitamin E supplement. Plasma concentrations of several antioxidants (ie, beta-carotenes, both trans and cis beta-carotenes, lycopene other than trans, 5-cis and 7-cis isomers, cis anhydrolutein, and cis beta-cryptoxanthin) were inversely associated with 15-f-2t-IsoP-M but not with f-2-IsoPs, whereas beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols were positively associated with 15-f-2t-IsoP-M but not with f-2-IsoPs. Urinary polyphenol quercetin was positively associated with both f-2-IsoPs and 15-f-2t-IsoP-M. Conclusion: The results suggest that the f-2-IsoP major metabolite 15-f-2t-IsoP-M may be a more sensitive marker of endogenous oxidative stress status than are f-2-IsoPs in the assessment of effects of antioxidants on age-related diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:405-14.

关键词： EGC epigallocatechin f 2 -IsoP f 2 -isoprostane GC/NICI MS gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry 15-f 2t -IsoP-M 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-f 2t -isoprostane

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The Changing Nature Of The Telecommunications Industry: Impacts On Demand And Regulation

The Changing Nature Of The Telecommunications Industry: Impa...

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作者： Ukhaneva, Olga Georgetown University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The telecommunications industry has recently experienced drastic changes. The aim of these essays is to examine how the changes in the industry have transformed consumers' demand for telecommunications services and the impact of these changes on universal service policies. In the first chapter, my co-authors and I explore the evolution of consumers' demand for telecommunications using a model that extends the traditional (node-to-node) demand structure. We empirically estimate a consumer choice model using household-level observations from 2003-2010. We find that households that are more affiliated with their domicile are more prone toward wireline services while more "on the go" households are more attracted to wireless telephony. The results indicate that subscription to wireline and wireless telephony are substitutes rather than complements. finally, we find that the quality convergence in wireless and wireline services has contributed significantly to shifts in consumers' telephone portfolios. In the second chapter, I examine whether subsidies to low-income households promote the goal of Universal Service. In 2005, Lifeline - the federal program designed to promote universal telecommunications services to low-income households, was expanded to cover wireless as well as wireline services. In this paper I utilize a unique household-level data set to examine the impact of Lifeline as well as the impact of its extension to wireless service. The results indicate both the subsidy and its extension to prepaid wireless service have increased subscription rates among low-income households, however at high cost. The counterfactual experiment shows that only one out of eight households that receive the subsidy subscribes to telephone service because of the subsidy. finally, the third chapter analyses the demand for international telephone calls using a simultaneous equations model. The analysis draws upon unique data collected for 24 countries over the 2010-2012 period. Th

关键词： S o c i a l s c i e n c e s , D a t a a c c e s s , D e m a n d , L i f e l i n e s u b s c r

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Theoretical study on the mechanism for the reaction of f with CH₂CHCH₂Cl

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COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY 2012年 981卷 7-13页

作者： Zhang, Yunju Sun, Jingyu Chao, Kai Wang, fang Tang, ShuWei Pan, Xiumei Zhang, Jingping Sun, Hao Wang, Rongshun NE Normal Univ Inst Funct Mat Chem Fac Chem Changchun 130024 Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Univ Inst Theoret Chem State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem Changchun 130023 Jilin Peoples R China Ningxia Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur Ningxia 750001 Peoples R China

The complex potential energy surfaces for the reaction of atomic radical f with CH2CHCH2Cl (3-chloropropene) are explored at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2(full)/6-311++G(d,p) level. There are various possible reaction pathways including the addition-elimination and H-abstraction reaction. Among them, the most feasible pathway should be to produce P1 (CH2CHCH2f + Cl), which is in good agreement with the experiment. Among the H-abstraction reactions, the most competitive pathway is the atomic radical f abstracting hydrogen atom from allylic group. Because all of the transition states and intermediates involved in the title reaction lie below the reactants, the f + CH2CHCH2Cl reaction is expected to be rapid. The present results could lead us to deeply understand the mechanism of the title reaction and may provide some useful information for future experimental investigation of the title reaction. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： f CH2CHCH2Cl Reaction mechanism CCSD(T) MP2

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“公羊”附体的“大黄蜂”f／A-18“大黄蜂”战斗机“长谷川”1／72静态模型

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航空模型 2013年第12期 40-45页

f／A—18“大黄蜂”战斗机在军事模型圈儿里是一个很火爆的题材。该机在美国海军和陆战队大量装备，涂装丰富多彩，亦有多个国家的空军将它作为主力装备使用。各主流模型厂家几乎都出品过该系列战斗机的模型套件，比例从1／144到1／32... 详细信息

f／A—18“大黄蜂”战斗机在军事模型圈儿里是一个很火爆的题材。该机在美国海军和陆战队大量装备，涂装丰富多彩，亦有多个国家的空军将它作为主力装备使用。各主流模型厂家几乎都出品过该系列战斗机的模型套件，比例从1／144到1／32应有尽有。

关键词：静态模型战斗机大黄蜂 f A-18 附体公羊军事模型美国海军

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