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Influence of pickling time on electroless Ni-P coating on magnesium alloy

MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOffE UND KORROSION 2021年第4期72卷 642-651页

作者： Yuan, Jing Li, Pei Yuan, Rui Mao, Duolu Zhao, Suqin feng, Tao Qinghai Univ Nationalities Coll Phys Elect Informat Engn Xining 810007 Qinghai Peoples R China Qinghai Prov Peoples Hosp Dept Orthoped Xining Qinghai Peoples R China Qinghai Univ Coll Chem Engn Xining Qinghai Peoples R China

In this study, a simple pickling process in H(3)PO(4)and NH(4)Hf(2)solution was used for electroless Ni-P plating on AZ61 magnesium alloy. It is found that the corrosion rate of magnesium alloy during pickling significantly decreased because NH(4)Hf(2)was added into H(3)PO(4)pickling solution. Ni-P coating plated only with pickling process shows poor adhesion because of the low f/O ratio of the substrate surface. However, f/O ratio, adhesion, and corrosion resistance of Ni-P coating are obviously enhanced after pickling followed by activation. The optimal pretreatment process is pickling for 120 s and activation for 4 min, under which the Ni-P coating has an optimum f/O ratio of 1.8 and the coating gets a dense structure, better adhesion, and higher corrosion resistance.

关键词： electroless Ni-P coating f O ratio magnesium alloy pickling time

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Effective removal and adsorption mechanism of fluoride from water by biochar-based Ce(III)-La(III)-crosslinked sodium alginate hybrid hydrogel

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Of BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 2024年第Part1期272卷 132925页

作者： Zhou, Xueying Li, Beigang Zhao, Qiange Inner Mongolia Normal Univ Chem & Environm Sci Coll Hohhot Peoples R China Inner Mongolia Key Lab Environm Chem Hohhot 010022 Peoples R China

An eco-friendly macroparticle biochar (BC)-based Ce(III)-La(III) crosslinked sodium alginate (SA) hybrid hydrogel (BC/Ce-SA-La) was synthesized by droplet polymerization and characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, fTIR, UV-Vis and XPS. The effects of dosage, pH, contact time, temperature and coexisting ions on the f- ions removal by hybrid hydrogel, and the adsorption performance, interaction mechanism and reusability were investigated. The results demonstrate that the composite has a fancy wrinkle structure with a particle size of about 1.8 mm and abundant porosity on the surface. The removal rate of f- ions by BC/Ce-SA-La reached 90.2 % under the conditions of pH 2.0, 200 min of contact time and 298 K. The adsorption behavior was perfectly explained by Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 129 mg/g. The adsorption process was an endothermic spontaneous reaction and followed Pseudo-second-order rate model. The strong adsorption was attributed to multi-interactions including complexation, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic adsorption between the composite and f- ions. Coexisting ions hardly interfered with the adsorption of f- ions by BC/Ce-SA-La except for a slight effect of phosphate. The composite after f- ion adsorption was easily separated and could be reused at least three times. BC/Ce-SA-La is a cost-effective and promising granular biosorbent.

关键词： Biochar Hybrid hydrogel f ions

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The assessment of surface acoustic wave sensing for testing fuel dilution of lubricating oils

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MEASUREMENT 2024年 231卷

作者： Chybowski, Leszek Kowalak, Przemys law Szczepanek, Marcin Jozwiak, Przemys law Danisiewicz, Pawe l Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Machine Construct & Mat 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Marine Power Plants 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Power Engn 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Air Force Inst Technol Aero Engines Div Ul Ksiec Boleslawa 6 PL-01494 Warsaw Poland

This article presents an assessment of the accuracy and repeatability of oil dilution measuring apparatus. The device uses surface acoustic wave sensing (SAW), and the measurement method meets the ASTM D8004 standard. Since the described in the ASTM standard definitions of accuracy and repeatability are not easy to compare with definitions in the ISO standards, a comparative experiment was settled. Mixtures of the SAE 30 and SAE 40 grades lubricating oil with diesel oil in a high -precision concentration of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 % m/m were tested. The calculated root mean square error (RMSE) of measurement results against the expected value, was RMSE SAE 30 = 0.57 % m/m and RMSE SAE 40 = 1.33 % m/m. Additionally, the method based on the flash point was tested to compare estimated dilutions (SAW vs. flashpoint). The results show that the flash point gives a better estimation than SAW. The device can be used for industrial tests.

关键词： A accuracy of the apparatus A C M ¯ accuracy of the concentration measurement API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials C exact (expected) mass concentration of diesel oil in the lubricating oil CD Cf, API quality classes of lubricating oils for self-ignition engines C i i -th measured value of the mass concentration of diesel oil in the lubricating oil C M ¯ mean value of measured concentration d measurement scale resolution DMX marine distillate fuels category according to the ISO 8217:2017 standard ESR electron spin resonance fDM fuel dilution meter fTIR fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy GC gas chromatography GC–MS gas chromatography and mass spectrometry GUM guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement i measurement number ISO International Organization for Standardization JPI Japan Petroleum Institute K coveragefactor m f mass of diesel oil m o mass of lubricating oil MSE mean square error n number of measurements NMR nuclear magnetic resonance p confidence level R repeatability of apparatus R C M ¯ repeatability of the concentration measurement RMSE root mean square error RSD relative standard deviation s experimental standard deviation of the mean s C M ¯ standard deviation of the measured concentration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAE 30 SAE 40, viscosity grades of lubricating oils according to the SAE J300-2021 standard SAW surface acoustic wave t Student’s distribution coefficient t fP flash point temperature u ( δ ) uncertainty of the balance indication error from the calibration certificate u ( r ) composite uncertainty of repeatability of scale indications u A type A standard uncertainty of measurement u B type B standard uncertainty of measurement u B ( C ) type B standard uncertainty of the mass fraction C measurement u C combined standard measurement uncertainty u m uncertainty of the determined mass of fuel or lubricating oil u s type B standard uncertainty of mass indication with a laboratory scale UV ultraviolet spectrometry u w type

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"When Henry Met fritz": Rules As Organizational frameworks: for Emergent Strategy Process

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JOURNAL Of MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 2022年第2期31卷 135-149页

作者： foss, Nicolai J. McCaffrey, Matthew C. Dorobat, Carmen-Elena Copenhagen Business Sch Dept Strategy & Innovat Frederiksberg Capital Region Denmark Univ Manchester Alliance Manchester Business Sch 8-047 Booth St West Manchester M15 6PB Lancs England Manchester Metropolitan Univ Business Sch Manchester Greater Manches England

Henry Mintzberg's celebrated critique of the "design school" argued that strategy is the best thought of as adaptive, bottom-up, and based on dispersed knowledge and learning. Yet Mintzberg's account lacks a clear and comprehensive theoretical underpinning, especially regarding how to guide emergent strategy in dynamic environments, and leverage it to exploit value creation. We provide this foundation by showing how Mintzberg's critique of planning and design at the level of organizational strategy is in key ways anticipated by f.A. Hayek's critique of planning and design at the societal level. Both writers are critical of rationalist epistemology and instead stress experiential knowledge, fallibility, and unanticipated social consequences. Hayek also extends Mintzberg's work by showing how rules in the firm capture adaptive, experiential, tacit, and dispersed knowledge in the context of dynamic environments. A framework of rules thus creates inimitable and non-substitutable resources that enable the firm to fully exploit its competitive advantage.

关键词： Henry Mintzberg f A Hayek Organizational strategy Tacit knowledge Dispersed knowledge Design school Emergent strategy Strategy as rules

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Sensitivity of friction coefficients, material constitutive laws and yield functions on the accuracy of springback prediction for an automotive part

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Of MATERIAL fORMING 2021年第2期14卷 323-340页

作者： Ben-Elechi, Slim Khelifa, Mourad Bahloul, Riadh Univ Monastir Natl Engn Sch Monastir Lab Mech Engn Ave Ibn Eljazzar Monastir 5019 Tunisia Univ Lorraine LERMAB EA 4370 27 Rue Philippe Seguin F-88051 Epinal France

High Strength Steel is more used in automotive industry to combine safety improvements and weight reductions of the vehicles. However, these steels raise new challenges for manufacturer, especially for springback and its prediction. finite Element Analysis is widely used for the prediction of springback but accuracy is strongly depending on numerical as well as physical parameters. Such parameters affecting prediction are for example frictional behavior, constitutive model, loci function. In this paper the sensitivity of friction coefficients and the influence of some material laws on the springback prediction were studied and analyzed in details. Several numerical models are investigated in this work in order to allow the different aspects of materials mechanical behavior to be better described: isotropic work-hardening (Swift, Hockett-Sherby, SHS), isotropic-kinematic hardening, yield loci (Hill 48, Hill 90 and Barlat 91). In this study, we use an industrial example of the deep drawing process: the side sill closing with the material steel TRIP800. All the simulations are carried out with the commercial code Pam-Stamp 2G and comparison with the experimental results are presented.

关键词： Springback Measurements f E simulation Work-hardening Materials models Yield loci

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Conceptual foundations: Teaching the Historical Development of Radical Behaviorism as a Philosophy of Science

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PERSPECTIVES ON BEHAVIOR SCIENCE 2022年第4期45卷 711-742页

作者： Moore, J. Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee 1861 East Fox Lane Fox Point WI 53217 USA

This article outlines a graduate-level course on the philosophical, conceptual, and historical (PCH) foundations of radical behaviorism, which is the philosophy of science that underlies behavior analysis. As described, the course is for a 15-week semester, and is organized into weekly units. The units in the first half of the course are concerned with the influences of other viewpoints in the history of psychology on the development of behavior analysis and radical behaviorism. The units in the second half are concerned with the PCH foundations of eight basic dimensions of radical behaviorism. Throughout, a course examining the foundations of radical behaviorism is seen as compatible with related courses in the other three domains of behavior analysis-the experimental analysis of behavior, applied behavior analysis, and service delivery-and as integral to the education of all behavior analysts.

关键词： B f Skinner mentalism methodological behaviorism operationism philosophy of science pragmatism private behavioral events radical behaviorism selectionism

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Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with follow-up in a Population Sample of 30-Month-Old Children in Iceland: A Prospective Approach

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JOURNAL Of AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022年第4期52卷 1507-1522页

作者： Jonsdottir, Sigridur Loa Saemundsen, Evald Jonsson, Brynjolfur Gauti Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr Digranesvegur 5 IS-200 Kopavogur Iceland Univ Iceland Fac Med Ctr Publ Hlth Sci Reykjavik Iceland Univ Iceland Fac Med Reykjavik Iceland Univ Iceland Fac Med Dept Prevent Med Reykjavik Iceland

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with follow-up was validated on a population sample in Reykjavik, Iceland. The participants (N = 1585) were screened in well-child care at age 30 months and followed up for at least 2 years to identify autism cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.62, 0.99, 0.72, and 0.99, respectively. True-positive children were diagnosed 10 months earlier than false-negative children. Autism symptom severity and the proportions of children with verbal and performance IQs/DQs < 70 were similar between groups. Although the sensitivity was suboptimal, the screening contributed to lowering the age at diagnosis for many children. Adding autism-specific screening to the well-child care program should be considered.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Screening M-CHAT-R f Early detection

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Integrating Bf Skinner's Writings with Some Current Research in Human Creativity

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JOURNAL Of CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2022年第2期56卷 232-238页

作者： Goddard, Murray J. Univ New Brunswick St John NB Canada

Despite widespread misunderstandings, B.f. Skinner did not ignore creativity. The present article first integrates Skinner's writings with some current research in creativity that focuses on the role of near associations in creative innovations. Next, Skinner's writings are integrated with the role of the unconscious in creativity, including some practical advice that may be helpful in capturing unconscious insights. finally, Skinner's writings are integrated with techniques that may stimulate creativity, using the analogy that variation may be critical in both creativity and natural selection. Although Skinner's work is often considered outdated, the present article shows that Skinner's writings share similarities with some current research in human creativity.

关键词： B f Skinner creativity natural selection unconscious variation

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Physically 100 % renewable electricity supply through hybrid electricity storage - A top-down modelling study for the case of Austria

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JOURNAL Of ENERGY STORAGE 2024年 85卷

作者： Mensik, Jasmin Woss, David Stubner, Henrik Proll, Tobias

A top-down model calculation based on real generation and demand data is presented for the hypothetical case of 100 % renewable electricity generation combined with hybrid electricity storage infrastructure in the Austrian control area (9 million inhabitants, electric demand similar to 70 TWh per year). To reach 100 % physical coverage by renewables, the actual wind and photovoltaic generation curves in the selected reference year of 2022 were scaled by a factor of 2.8 and 30, respectively. In the scope of the presented system are lithium-ion battery storage (cyclic efficiency 90 %), pumped hydro storage (70 %) and power -to -gas storage with subsequent re-electrification in gas turbine combined cycle plants operated as combined heat and power (CHP) system (30 %). Our core aspect lies in the optimized operation of the hybrid storage system, where the charging and discharging of the storage technology with higher cyclic efficiency is given priority. A straightforward cascading control algorithm is applied with individual elements functioning as simple proportional controllers. The results show how a 100 % renewable electricity system in Austria could be configured, partially building upon existing electricity generation infrastructure (pumped hydro and gas turbine combined cycle plants) and on the implementation of new lithium-ion battery storage with a total capacity of 100 GWh and new electrolysis infrastructure with a power of 5 to 10 GW. To overcome existing limitations of the presented model, an extension to a more complex model with spatial differentiation and consideration of electricity grid characteristics and constraints is recommended.

关键词： b t SOC lithium-ion battery [%] b s Initial SOC lithium-ion battery [%] cb s Capacity lithium-ion battery [TWh] cg s Capacity power-to-gas [TWh] CH 4 Methane cp s Capacity pumped hydro storage [TWh] CO 2 Carbon dioxide f pv Expansion factor photovoltaic power generation [-] fw Expansion factor wind power generation [-] GHG Greenhouse gas emissions H 2 Hydrogen k g Proportional gain constant power-to-gas [MW/%SOC] k p Proportional gain constant pumped hydro storage [MW/%SOC] k-value Proportional gain constant (p-controller) [MW/%SOC] load t Real-time electricity load at time interval [MW] p t SOC pumped hydro storage [%] p s Initial SOC pumped hydro storage [%] p2g s Initial SOC power-to-gas storage [%] p2g t SOC power-to-gas[%] Pb t Power generation biomass [MW] Pgap t Sum of total renewable generation (factorized), load and power rating pumped hydro and power-to-gas [MW] Ph t Power generation hydro run-of-river and poundage [MW] Pp2g t Charging/ discharging power rating power-to-gas storage [MW] Ppf t Power photovoltaic factorized (Assumed power generation Photovoltaic) [MW] Ppump t Charging/ discharging power rating pumped hydro storage [MW] Prenf t Total renewable power generation factorized (Total renewable generation applied in the scenario) [MW] Pwf t Power wind factorized (Assumed power generation Wind Onshore) [MW] SOC State of charge [%] ω b Set point lithium-ion battery SOC [%] ω p Set point pumped hydro SOC [%] η b Lithium-ion battery efficiency [%] η p Pumped hydro storage efficiency [%] η g Power-to-gas storage efficiency [%]

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The origins of the Polizia femminile, 1948-1961

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JOURNAL Of MODERN ITALIAN STUDIES 2022年第2期27卷 178-199页

作者： Tambor, Molly Long Isl Univ Hist New York NY 11201 USA

Women entered police forces through women-only special corps in many democratic states in the early twentieth century. In Italy this reform occurred after World War II, first under the occupying Allied military government in Trieste and, after 1959, on a national basis. Women served separately from men from 1961 until 1983. This article examines the debate triggered by the campaign of the so-called Merlin Law from 1948-1958, a law which deregulated prostitution, closed state-run brothels, and abolished the vice squad in favour of a women's squad dedicated particularly to working with prostitutes and juveniles. This complex and shifting debate regarding the constitution of what would become the Polizia femminile (P.f.) is reconstructed through sources documenting the legislative campaigns by Italy's first generation of women members of parliament, the scramble in the Ministry of the Interior and the upper administration of the police to control and define the terms of women's entry, and media reactions. Ultimately P.f. officers did secure professional status with uniforms, service weapons, and power to arrest;yet they were enjoined to use these powers to surveille and discipline the sexuality of other women. Women police are thus a historical window into understanding the complicated bargain women made to achieve new professional opportunities while enforcing normative gender roles. Yet the very work of policing often subverted those same roles of gender and sexual respectability, making women police officers a crucial site for conflict over who could enforce, challenge, or subvert the claim to social control in post-war Italian society.

关键词： Polizia femminile (P f ) women police Merlin Law vice prostitution gender and sexuality

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