Background: Riboflavin is a redox-active vitamin that plays a pivotal role in human energy metabolism. Riboflavin may have beneficial health effects by increasing extracellular antioxidant capacity, thereby alleviatin...
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Background: Riboflavin is a redox-active vitamin that plays a pivotal role in human energy metabolism. Riboflavin may have beneficial health effects by increasing extracellular antioxidant capacity, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. Reduced levels offree thiols in blood reflect systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive species. In this study, we aimed to study the potential of riboflavin supplementation to improve the systemic redox status in healthy ***: This study was a post-hoc analysis of the RIBOGUT study, a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled human intervention trial that investigated the effect of riboflavin supplements on the gut microbiota composition of healthy individuals. Serum free thiols were quantified before and after intervention and adjusted to serum albumin levels. Changes in albumin-adjusted free thiols were analyzed, as well as potential associations with routine laboratory parameters and faecal bacterial quantification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fISH).Results: Participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 34), riboflavin 50 mg daily (n = 32), or riboflavin 100 mg daily (n = 33). At baseline, no significant differences in albumin-adjusted serum free thiols were observed. After intervention with either placebo or riboflavin, albumin-adjusted serum free thiols did not significantly change (P > 0.05), however, observed changes were inversely associated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). At baseline, albumin-adjusted serum free thiols were positively associated with faecal relative abundances offaecalibacterium prausnitzii (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Riboflavin did not change the systemic redox status in healthy individuals as reflected by serum free thiols, but observed changes in albumin-adjusted free thiol levels were negatively associated with changes in CRP levels. Strikingly, albumin-adjusted free thiols were independently associated with
Increasing temperature and thermal variability generate profound selection on populations. Given the fast rate of environmental change, understanding the role of plasticity and genetic adaptation in response to increa...
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Increasing temperature and thermal variability generate profound selection on populations. Given the fast rate of environmental change, understanding the role of plasticity and genetic adaptation in response to increasing temperatures is critical. This may be especially true for thermal effects on reproductive traits in which thermal fertility limits at high temperatures may be lower than for survival traits. Consequences of changing environments during development on adult phenotypes may be particularly problematic for core traits such as reproduction that begin early in development. Here we examine the consequences of developmental thermal plasticity on subsequent adult reproductive traits and its genetic basis. We used a panel of Drosophila melanogaster (the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel;DGRP) in which male fertility performance was previously defined as either showing relatively little (status = 'high'-performing lines) or substantial ('low'-performing lines) decline when exposed to increasing developmental temperatures. We used a thermal reaction norm approach to quantify variation in the consequences of developmental thermal plasticity on multiple adult reproductive traits, including sex-specific responses, and to identify candidate genes underlying such variation. Developmental thermal stress impacted the means and thermal reaction norms of all reproductive traits except offspring sex ratio. Mating success declined as temperature increased with no difference between high and low lines, whereas increasing temperature resulted in declines for both male and female fertility and productivity but depended on line status. fertility and offspring number were positively correlated within and between the sexes across lines, but males were more affected than females. We identified 933 SNPs with significant evolved genetic differentiation between high and low lines. In all, 54 of these lie within genomic windows of overall high differentiation, have significant eff
The genomes of local livestock could shed light on their genetic history, mechanisms of adaptations to environments and unique genetics. Herein we look into the genetics and adaptations of the Russian native dairy Yar...
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The genomes of local livestock could shed light on their genetic history, mechanisms of adaptations to environments and unique genetics. Herein we look into the genetics and adaptations of the Russian native dairy Yaroslavl cattle breed using 22 resequenced individuals and comparing them with two related breeds (Russian Kholmogory and Holstein), and to the taurine set of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (Run 9). HapfLK analysis with Kholmogory and Holstein breeds (using Yakut cattle as outgroup) resulted in 22 regions under selection (q-value < 0.01) on 11 chromosomes assigned to Yaroslavl cattle, including a strong signature of selection in the region of the KIT gene on BTA6. The f-ST (fixation index) with the 1000 Bull Genomes Dataset showed 48 non-overlapping top (0.1%) f-ST regions of which three overlapped HapfLK regions. We identified 1982 highly differentiated (f-ST > 0.40) missense mutations in the Yaroslavl genomes. These genes were enriched in the epidermal growth factor and calcium-binding functional categories. The top f-ST intervals contained eight genes with allele frequencies quite different between the Yaroslavl and Kholmogory breeds and the rest of the 1000 Bull Genomes Dataset, including KAT6B, which had a nearly Yaroslavl breed-specific deleterious missense mutation with the highest f-ST in our dataset (0.99). This gene is a part of a long haplotype containing other genes from f-ST and hapfLK analyses and with a negative association with weight and carcass traits according to the genotyping of 30 phenotyped Yaroslavl cattle individuals. Our work provides the industry with candidate genetic variants to be focused on in breed improvement efforts.
Robinson Crusoe is a mythic character who lives not only in the popular imaginary but through the history of political and social thought. Defoe's protagonist lives marooned on his island, isolated and apart from ...
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Robinson Crusoe is a mythic character who lives not only in the popular imaginary but through the history of political and social thought. Defoe's protagonist lives marooned on his island, isolated and apart from society. The narrative is a perfect naturalisation of the 'bourgeois' world, dependent on an ontology of the self-sufficient individual. This article analyses this lineage in the social contract theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Later, Hegel used the novel to illustrate his dialectic of mastery/servitude. Challenging the atomism of the state of nature, Hegel's theory of recognition gives an account of positive freedom, where the individual is formed in and through social interdependence. This sociality is continued by Marx, who satirises Defoe's novel in his value-form critique of political economy. The value-form provides insight into Robinson's island labour and Marx's difference with Locke's labour theory of value. for Marx, the myth of 'natural man' hides the domination of capitalist development and Robinson Crusoe reflects the internalisation of the abstract rationality of commodity society. However, Marx's immanent critique of the novel points to a radical idea of social life and freedom.
The concept of second nature promises to provide an explanation of how nature and reason can be reconciled. But such concept is laden with ambiguity. On the one hand, second nature is understood as what binds together...
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The concept of second nature promises to provide an explanation of how nature and reason can be reconciled. But such concept is laden with ambiguity. On the one hand, second nature is understood as what binds together all cognitive activities. On the other hand, second nature is conceived of as a kind of nature that can be modified by cognitive activities. The paper aims to investigate this ambiguity by distinguish-ing a Kantian conception of second nature from a Hegelian one. It argues that the idea of a transformation from a being offirst nature into a being of second nature that stands at the heart of the Kantian conception is mistaken.
Background: Aorto-ostial coronary artery flush chronic total occlusions are a challenging subset of lesion with peculiar characteristic: the near complete lack of guiding catheter support, the presence of a thicker la...
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Background: Aorto-ostial coronary artery flush chronic total occlusions are a challenging subset of lesion with peculiar characteristic: the near complete lack of guiding catheter support, the presence of a thicker layer of muscular fibers and a greater collagen and calcium content, responsible for balloon dilatation's resistance and greater recoil tendency. We introduce a novel bailout technique to overcome retrograde wire failure in accessing aorta, a variation of the Carlino technique which we named Power flush. Materials and methods: Power flush consists in a forceful injection of contrast dye directly through the guiding catheter positioned against the aortic wall in correspondence to the coronary ostium location, to gain access to the extra-plaque space and proceed with the vessel's recanalization. In one case we used a further iteration named Nick And flush, in which a preliminary nicking of the aortic wall with a penetrative wire was done before the Power flush. Results: We hereby present three cases of aorto-ostial right coronary artery flush chronic total occlusions. In two of them we utilized the Power flush technique, in one case we employed its variant Nick And flush. We were successful in all cases and no complication occurred. Conclusions: In this kind of lesions Power flush and Nick And flush are effective bailout techniques to overcome retrograde wire failure to reach aorta. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
While in neo-Aristotelian conceptions of virtue and Bildungthe concept of "second nature" describes the successful completion of human education, Hegel uses this term to analyze the inevitably ambiguous and ...
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While in neo-Aristotelian conceptions of virtue and Bildungthe concept of "second nature" describes the successful completion of human education, Hegel uses this term to analyze the inevitably ambiguous and even conflictive nature of spirit. Spirit can only realize itself creating (1) a second nature as an order offreedom, losing itself, or creating (2) a second nature -an order of externality, ruled by the unconscious automatisms of habit. The second meaning of the term, "second nature" refers to spirit's inversion of itself: the free enactment of spirit produces an objective order, uncontrollable;"second nature" is here a critical term. On the other hand, the very same inversion offree positing [Setzen] into objective existence is the moment of the success of ("absolute") spirit. The paper exposes this unspeakable ambiguity of sec-ond nature and claims that its acceptance and development are the conditions of an adequate understanding of the constitution and forms of second nature.
Diseases caused by fusarium species in garlic, which is among the products of economic importance, cause serious yield losses. While the isolation and characterization offusarium species has mostly been done from clo...
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Diseases caused by fusarium species in garlic, which is among the products of economic importance, cause serious yield losses. While the isolation and characterization offusarium species has mostly been done from cloves and storage, the disease agent has been documented in very few seedling stages. In our study, eight isolates were obtained from specimens at the seedling stage, and species were defined according to morphological and molecular characterizations. Two isolates were identified as f. oxysporum, and the other six as f. proliferatum. As a result of cross pathogenicity off. oxysporum isolates with onions, these isolates were defined as f. oxysporum f. sp. garlic. According to the data obtained from our study, these species that cause basal rot in garlic from Turkey were characterized for the first time using molecular techniques. In addition, this publication fusarium oxysporum ***. garlic is the first report from Turkey.
The OCaml programming language finds application across diverse domains, including systems programming, web development, scientific computing, formal verification, and symbolic mathematics. OCaml is a memory-safe prog...
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The OCaml programming language finds application across diverse domains, including systems programming, web development, scientific computing, formal verification, and symbolic mathematics. OCaml is a memory-safe programming language that uses a garbage collector (GC) to free unreachable memory. It features a low-latency, high-performance GC, tuned for functional programming. The GC has two generations-a minor heap collected using a copying collector and a major heap collected using an incremental mark-and-sweep collector. Alongside the intricacies of an efficient GC design, OCaml compiler uses efficient object representations for some object classes, such as interior pointers for supporting mutually recursive functions, which further complicates the GC design. The GC is a critical component of the OCaml runtime system, and its correctness is essential for the safety of OCaml programs. In this paper, we propose a strategy for crafting a correct, proof-oriented GC from scratch, designed to evolve over time with additional language features. Our approach neatly separates abstract GC correctness from OCaml-specific GC correctness, offering the ability to integrate further GC optimizations, while preserving core abstract GC correctness. As an initial step to demonstrate the viability of our approach, we have developed a verified stop-the-world mark-and-sweep GC for OCaml. The approach is fully mechanized in f* and its low-level subset Low*. We use the KaRaMel compiler to compile Low* to C, and integrate the verified GC with the OCaml runtime. Our GC is evaluated against off-the-shelf OCaml GC and Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative GC, and the experimental results show that verified OCaml GC is competitive with the standard OCaml GC.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be significant sources of antifungal resistant fungi, which can disseminate further in the environment by getting into rivers together with effluents discharged from WWTPs and p...
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be significant sources of antifungal resistant fungi, which can disseminate further in the environment by getting into rivers together with effluents discharged from WWTPs and pose a risk for human health. In this study, the presence of azole resistance was determined in fungal isolates from treated effluents of two WWTPs using the standard microdilution method from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 41 fungal isolates representing 23 fungal species and 16 fungal genera were obtained. fungal genera related to the known human and/or plant pathogens such asAspergillus,fusarium, andCandidawere detected. Among the observed species, the susceptibility ofAspergillus fumigatusandfusarium oxysporumwas tested against fluconazole (fCZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), and voriconazole (VCZ). The isolateA. fumigatuswas susceptible to KTZ, ITZ, and VCZ, while it showed resistance against fCZ. On the contrast, the isolatef. oxysporumshowed resistance to KTZ, ITZ, and VCZ. Comparatively, VCZ showed highest activity against bothA. fumigatusandf. oxysporum. Analysis of the gene Cyp51A for theA. fumigatusisolate showed no evidence of drug resistance that could be related to point mutations and/or tandem repeats in the gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first susceptibility test study onA. fumigatusandf. oxysporumisolates from the WWTPs of South Africa. In conclusion, this study indicated an urgent need for thorough investigation with larger group offungal isolates from different regions of South Africa to broadly understand the role of WWTPs in the dissemination of azole antifungal drug resistance.
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