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Low-intensity land-use enhances soil microbial activity, biomass and fungal-to-bacterial ratio in current and future climates

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JOURNAL Of APPLIED ECOLOGY 2021年第11期58卷 2614-2625页

作者： Sunnemann, Marie Alt, Christina Kostin, Julia E. Lochner, Alfred Reitz, Thomas Siebert, Julia Schadler, Martin Eisenhauer, Nico German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Inst Biol Leipzig Germany Tech Univ Dresden Fac Biol Dresden Germany Univ Leipzig Fac Management Sci & Econ Leipzig Germany UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res Dept Soil Ecol Halle Germany UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res Dept Community Ecol Halle Germany

Progressing climate change and intensified land-use exert unprecedented pressures on soil microbial communities, thus endangering the essential ecosystem functions they provide. However, these global change factors do not act in isolation from each other, making ecosystem consequences hard to predict. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the interactive effects of climate change and land-use intensity on soil microbial activity, biomass and community composition in a large-scale field experiment. We tested soil microbial responses to a future climate scenario (ambient climate vs. increased temperature by +0.6 degrees C and altered rainfall patterns) in two land-use types (cropland vs. grassland) with two levels of land-use intensity each (high-intensity vs. low-intensity). While high-intensity land-use is characterized by fertilization and pesticide use, low-intensity land-use refrains from both. We measured soil microbial activity and biomass twice per year within a 5-year period and used phospholipid fatty acid analysis to explore changes in microbial community composition. In contrast to our expectations, soil microbes remained largely unaffected by future climate conditions. However, we found evidence that not just the type of land-use, but also their respective management intensity (high vs. low) had strong effects on soil microbes. Low-intensity management promoted soil microbial activity and biomass in grasslands, but this beneficial effect needed several years to establish. Moreover, we show that low-intensity management increased AM fungi and fungal-to-bacterial ratios in croplands as well as grasslands. Our study shows that farmers can promote soil ecosystem functions through low-intensity management measures. In grasslands, low-intensity management measures such as high plant diversity consisting of grasses, forbs and legumes, and no mineral fertilization improve soil microbial activity and biomass, as well as the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. On arable

关键词： AM fungi climate change f B ratio fungal to bacterial ratio land-use intensity soil microbial activity soil microbial biomass soil microbial community

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Theoretical development of the CZTS thin-film solar cell by SCAPS-1D software based on experimental work

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED fUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS 2023年第1期296卷

作者： Abdelkadir, Abdelaziz Ait Sahal, Mustapha Univ Ibn Zohr Ouarzazate Polydisciplinary Fac MESE Lab PETI Agadir Morocco

In this work, the SCAPS-1D program was used to develop and simulate Al-ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MoS2/Mo conven-tional solar cell structure. We enhanced numerous parameters, including CZTS thickness, MoS2 interlayer thickness, and carrier concentration, after device validation using experimental results. With a Voc of 0.81 V, Jsc of 16.83 mA/cm2, and ff of 65.84 %, the highest experimental efficiency is 8.98%. However, we found that low efficiency is caused by defect density and the formation of MoS2 interlayers, both of which are generated by high recombination. In order to minimize this recombination, we proposed employing MoOx as the back-surface field and "Au" as the bottom contact. After device adjustment, a high performance of 22.28 % was achieved employing 20 nm of MoOx and a CZTS defect concentration of 1013 cm-3 in the new Al-ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MoOx/ Au solar cell.

关键词： Solar cell CZTS MoOx B S f 22 28% efficiency

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Persistent Inflammation of the Rectum in Perianal fistulizing Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Goblet Cell function

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GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024年第1期3卷 131-133页

作者： Washburn, Savannah Maddipatla, Sushma c. Murthy, Shanta Dodd, Anne Pelia, Ranjit s. Kolachala, Vasantha l. Geem, Duke Matthews, Jason d. Gibson, Greg Kugathasan, Subra Georgia Inst Technol Sch Biol Sci 950 Atlantic Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Pediat 1760 Haygood DrSuite W427 Atlanta GA 30322 USA Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Atlanta GA USA

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Intracranial Hemorrhage After Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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JOURNAL Of ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2021年第6期28卷 897-905页

作者： Pini, Rodolfo faggioli, Gianluca fenelli, Cecilia Gallitto, Enrico Mascoli, Chiara Spath, Paolo Gargiulo, Mauro Univ Bologna Hosp Bologna St Orsola Malpighi Polyclin IRCCS Bologna Emilia Romagna Italy

Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair with fenestrated/branched endograft (f/bEVAR). The cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSfD) is considered one of the leading causes;however, other possible concomitant factors have not been individualized yet. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the pattern of ICH events after f/bEVAR for TAAA and to identify possible associated factors. Materials and Methods All f/bEVAR procedures for TAAA performed in a single academic center from 2012 to 2020 were evaluated. ICH was assessed by cerebral computed tomography if neurological symptoms arose. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative characteristics were analyzed in order to identify possible factors associated. Results A total of 135 f/bEVAR were performed for 72 (53%) type I, II, III and 63 (47%) type IV TAAA;74 (55%) were staged procedures, 101 (73%) required CSfD, and 24 (18%) were performed urgently. The overall 30-day mortality was 8% (5% in elective cases);spinal-cord ischemia occurred in 11(8%) and ICH in 8 (6%) patients. All ICH occurred in patients with CSfD. ICH occurred intraoperatively in 1 case, inter-stage in 4 and after f/BEVAR completion in 3, after a median of 6 days the completion stage. Three (38%) of 8 patients with ICH died at 30 days and ICH was associated with 30-day mortality: odds ratio (OR) 13.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3-76, p=0.01. The analysis of the perioperative characteristics identified platelet reduction >60% (OR 11, 95% CI 1.6-77, p=0.03), chronic kidney disease (16% vs 0%, p=0.002), and total volume of liquor drained >50 mL (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.1-69, p=0.03) as associated with ICH. Conclusions Current findings may suggest that ICH is a potential lethal complication of the endovascular treatment for TAAAs and it mainly occurs in patients with CSfD. High-volume liquor drainage, platelet reduction, and chronic kidney disease seems increase significantly the r

关键词： fenestrated branch f bEVAR complex aortic aneurysm intracranial hemorrhage cerebral spinal fluid drainage

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Potential inoculum sources of fusarium species involved in asparagus decline syndrome and evaluation of soil disinfestation methods by qPCR protocols

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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021年第10期77卷 4749-4757页

作者： de la Lastra, Eduardo Marin-Guirao, Jose, I Lopez-Moreno, francisco J. Soriano, Teresa Cara-Garcia, Miguel Capote, Nieves IFAPA La Mojonera Inst Res & Training Agr & Fisheries 1 La Mojonera Almeria 04745 Spain IFAPA Las Torres Inst Res & Training Agr & Fisheries Ctra Sevilla CazallaKm 122 Alcalo del Rio Seville 41200 Spain IFAPA Camino Purchil Inst Res & Training Agr & Fisheries Granada Spain

BACKGROUND Asparagus decline syndrome (ADS), one of the most important diseases affecting asparagus crops, causes important yield losses worldwide. fusarium proliferatum, f. oxysporum and f. redolens are among the main species associated with ADS. To explore their potential inoculum sources and the effectiveness of soil disinfestation practices for ADS management, molecular methods based on a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were developed. qPCR-based molecular tools demonstrated advantages in the sensitive and specific detection and quantification of fungal pathogens in comparison with less-accurate and time-consuming traditional culture methods. RESULTS f. proliferatum, f. oxysporum and f. redolens could be specifically detected and accurately quantified in asparagus plants, soil and irrigation water collected from asparagus fields with ADS symptoms by means of the designed TaqMan qPCR protocols. furthermore, these molecular tools were successfully applied for evaluation of the efficacy of diverse soil disinfestation treatments. Chemical fumigation with dazomet and biosolarization with pellets of Brassica carinata contributed to a significant reduction in the inoculum densities of the three fusarium species in treated soils, which was correlated with production increases. CONCLUSIONS The capability to accurately detect and quantify the main fusarium species involved in ADS in plants, soil and water samples by means of qPCR will allow identification of high-risk fields that can be avoided or managed to reduce yield losses. Quantification of pathogen densities in the soil may also provide essential insights into the effectiveness of soil disinfestation methods for ADS management.

关键词： ADS fusarium proliferatum f oxysporum f redolens soil irrigation water biosolarization fumigants TaqMan real-time PCR

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Response of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) and four mangrove species to imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl herbicides

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INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021年第3期14卷 190-195页

作者： Enloe, Stephen f. Leary, James K. Prince, Candice M. Sperry, Benjamin P. Lauer, Dwight K. Univ Florida Dept Agron Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants Gainesville FL 32611 USA Silv Analyt Wingate NC USA

Mangroves are a critical component of many coastal ecosystems in florida. Woody species, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), have invaded thousands of hectares of mangrove habitat. The difficulty associated with ground-based management of invasive plants in mangrove communities has warranted a need to identify selective herbicides that can be applied aerially. Recent work suggests that florida mangrove species are extremely sensitive to synthetic auxin herbicides;however, other herbicides have yet to be tested for selectivity. Greenhouse studies in 2018 and 2019 evaluated broadcast foliar applications of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor imazamox and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor carfentrazone-ethyl, both as individual treatments and in combinations, for control of S. terebinthifolia and injury to four non-target mangrove species. Across all posttreatment sample dates and species tested, there were no significant interactions between imazamox applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) in combination with carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0 or 0.1 kg ha(-1). Main effects of imazamox applied at 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) and carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0.1 kg ha(-1) resulted in 99% and 97% defoliation, respectively, of Schinus terebinthifolia at 180 DAT. However, S. terebinthifolia percent survival was 56% and 44% for the same treatments. Both herbicides severely injured all four mangroves by 90 DAT and resulted in 58% to 100% defoliation across species. At 180 DAT, significant increases in percent cambium kill were also observed for all four species. Across species, mangrove survival varied, but red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) survival was reduced to 6% when imazamox was applied at 0.56 kg ha(-1). These results indicate both imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl exhibit activity on S. terebinthifolia but also injure all four mangroves enough to preclude their use as selective treatments.

关键词： Acetolactate synthase inhibitor black mangrove Avicennia germinans (L ) L buttonwood mangrove Conocarpus erectus L coastal ecosystems protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L white mangrove Laguncularia racemosa (L ) C f Gaertn

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Meta-analysis: Congruence of genomic and phenotypic differentiation across diverse natural study systems

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EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS 2021年第9期14卷 2189-2205页

作者： Wood, Zachary T. Wiegardt, Andrew K. Barton, Kayla L. Clark, Jonathan D. Homola, Jared J. Olsen, Brian J. King, Benjamin L. Kovach, Adrienne I. Kinnison, Michael T. Univ Maine Sch Biol & Ecol Orono ME 04469 USA Maine Ctr Genet Environm Orono ME USA Univ New Hampshire Dept Nat Resources & Environm Durham NH 03824 USA Univ Maine Dept Mol & Biomed Sci Orono ME USA Michigan State Univ Dept Fisheries & Wildlife E Lansing MI 48824 USA Univ Maine Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol Orono ME USA

Linking genotype to phenotype is a primary goal for understanding the genomic underpinnings of evolution. However, little work has explored whether patterns of linked genomic and phenotypic differentiation are congruent across natural study systems and traits. Here, we investigate such patterns with a meta-analysis of studies examining population-level differentiation at subsets of loci and traits putatively responding to divergent selection. We show that across the 31 studies (88 natural population-level comparisons) we examined, there was a moderate (R-2 = 0.39) relationship between genomic differentiation (f-ST) and phenotypic differentiation (P-ST) for loci and traits putatively under selection. This quantitative relationship between P-ST and f-ST for loci under selection in diverse taxa provides broad context and cross-system predictions for genomic and phenotypic adaptation by natural selection in natural populations. This context may eventually allow for more precise ideas of what constitutes "strong" differentiation, predictions about the effect size of loci, comparisons of taxa evolving in nonparallel ways, and more. On the other hand, links between P-ST and f-ST within studies were very weak, suggesting that much work remains in linking genomic differentiation to phenotypic differentiation at specific phenotypes. We suggest that linking genotypes to specific phenotypes can be improved by correlating genomic and phenotypic differentiation across a spectrum of diverging populations within a taxon and including wide coverage of both genomes and phenomes.

关键词： candidate gene approaches f (ST) GWAS natural selection outlier analysis P (ST)

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Optimization of reaction condition of recombinase polymerase amplification to detect SARS-CoV-2 DNA and RNA using a statistical method

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BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021年 567卷 195-200页

作者： Juma, Kevin Maafu Takita, Teisuke Ito, Kenji Yamagata, Masaya Akagi, Shihomi Arikawa, Emi Kojima, Kenji Biyani, Manish fujiwara, Shinsuke Nakura, Yukiko Yanagihara, Itaru Yasukawa, Kiyoshi Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Agr Div Food Sci & Biotechnol Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068502 Japan Himeji Dokkyo Univ Fac Pharmaceut Sci 7-2-1 Kamiohno Himeji Hyogo 6708524 Japan Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Biosci & Biotechnol 1-1 Asahidai Nomi City Ishikawa 9231292 Japan JAIST Venture Business Lab BioSeeds Corp Ishikawa Create Labo 214-32-13 Asahidai Nomi City Ishikawa 9231211 Japan Kwansei Gakuin Univ Sch Biol & Environm & Sci Dept Biosci 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 6691337 Japan Osaka Womens & Childrens Hosp Res Inst Dept Dev Med Osaka 5941101 Japan

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal reaction that amplifies a target DNA sequence with a recombinase, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), and a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. In this study, we optimized the reaction conditions of RPA to detect SARS-CoV-2 DNA and RNA using a statistical method to enhance the sensitivity. In vitro synthesized SARS-CoV-2 DNA and RNA were used as targets. After evaluating the concentration of each component, the uvsY, gp32, and ATP concentrations appeared to be rate-determining factors. In particular, the balance between the binding and dissociation of uvsX and DNA primer was precisely adjusted. Under the optimized condition, 60 copies of the target DNA were specifically detected. Detection of 60 copies of RNA was also achieved. Our results prove the fabrication flexibility of RPA reagents, leading to an expansion of the use of RPA in various fields. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recombinase polymerase amplification RPA Recombinase Single strand DNA-Binding protein SARS-CoV-2 Taguchi method Acknowledgments We acknowledge Ms Mika Ishitani for her technical assistance This work was supported in part by SENTAN (S f

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Microstructure evolution and compressive property variation of AlxCoCrfeNi high entropy alloys produced by directional solidification

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INTERMETALLICS 2023年 152卷

作者： Yu, Zhuhuan Yan, Yawen Qiang, Junfeng Gao, Wei Wang, Xiaohui Liu, Xuliang Du, Wei Xian Univ Sci & Technol Coll Mat Sci & Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China

The AlxCoCrfeNi (molar radio, x = 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were directionally solidified at the withdrawal rate of 150 mu m/s. The effects of Al content on microstructure evolution, element segregation as well as compressive property were investigated. It was found that the increase of Al content resulted in the formation of BCC crystal structure. Meanwhile, the microstructure of AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs transformed from dendrite to equiaxed dendrite. The Al0.3CoCrfeNi HEA formed a single fCC solid solution phase, the Al0.6CoCrfeNi HEA consisted of CofeCr-enriched fCC solid solution phase + NiAl-enriched BCC solid solution phase, the Al0.9CoCrfeNi and Al1.2CoCrfeNi HEAs were composed of NiAl-enriched B2 solid solution phase + CofeCr-enriched BCC solid solution phase. Morphology of solid-liquid interface was coarse dendrite or typical dendrite. As the Al content increased, the compressive strain of directionally solidified AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs decreased from 21.26% to 18.05%, and the ultimate compressive strength increased first and then decreased. The improvement of strength results from crystal structure transition and solution strengthening. As the Al contents increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the crystal structure of AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs transformed from CofeCr-enriched fCC structure + NiAl-enriched BCC structure to CofeCr-enriched BCCstructure + NiAl-enriched B2 structure. The strain of Al0.3CoCrfeNi HEA was higher than others, and Al0.9CoCrfeNi HEA exhibited the maximum ultimate compressive strength of 2114.57 MPa.

关键词： A high entropy alloys C casting D microstructure f mechanical testing B alloy design

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Preparation and Research of Antibacterial Composite Materials Based on ABS and Oligoethylene Ether of Salicylic Acid

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INORGANIC MATERIALS-APPLIED RESEARCH 2021年第2期12卷 393-396页

作者： Rasulzade, N. Sh. Abbasova, L. Sh. Mamedov, B. A. Muradov, P. Z. Bakhshalieva, K. f. Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci Inst Polymer Mat AZ-5004 Sumgayit Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci Inst Microbiol AZ-1073 Baku Azerbaijan

To give antibacterial properties to ABS-based composite materials, oligoethylene ester of salicylic acid in an amount of 0.5-1.0% was used as additive. It was found that the additive hardly affected the physicomechanical properties of composite materials, but led to a relative improvement in the thermal parameters and the appearance of antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties were studied and the possibility of application of the obtained composite materials was determined. Micromycetes such as Aspergillus niger, A. ochraseus, Penicillium cuclopium, Cladosporium herbarium, fusarium moniliforme, and f. oxysporium were used as a test culture. It was found that the studied composite materials had both bactericidal and fungicidal properties. The fungicidal properties of the obtained novel antibacterial composite materials make it possible to use them to produce products resistant to fungal influence.

关键词： oligoethylene ester of salicylic acid acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers antibacterial polymer additives composite materials Aspergillus niger A ochraseus Penicillium cuclopium Cladosporium herbarium fusarium moniliforme f oxysporium

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