Mangroves are a critical component of many coastal ecosystems in florida. Woody species, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), have invaded thousands of hectares of mangrove habitat. The diff...
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Mangroves are a critical component of many coastal ecosystems in florida. Woody species, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), have invaded thousands of hectares of mangrove habitat. The difficulty associated with ground-based management of invasive plants in mangrove communities has warranted a need to identify selective herbicides that can be applied aerially. Recent work suggests that florida mangrove species are extremely sensitive to synthetic auxin herbicides;however, other herbicides have yet to be tested for selectivity. Greenhouse studies in 2018 and 2019 evaluated broadcast foliar applications of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor imazamox and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor carfentrazone-ethyl, both as individual treatments and in combinations, for control of S. terebinthifolia and injury to four non-target mangrove species. Across all posttreatment sample dates and species tested, there were no significant interactions between imazamox applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) in combination with carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0 or 0.1 kg ha(-1). Main effects of imazamox applied at 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) and carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0.1 kg ha(-1) resulted in 99% and 97% defoliation, respectively, of Schinus terebinthifolia at 180 DAT. However, S. terebinthifolia percent survival was 56% and 44% for the same treatments. Both herbicides severely injured all four mangroves by 90 DAT and resulted in 58% to 100% defoliation across species. At 180 DAT, significant increases in percent cambium kill were also observed for all four species. Across species, mangrove survival varied, but red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) survival was reduced to 6% when imazamox was applied at 0.56 kg ha(-1). These results indicate both imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl exhibit activity on S. terebinthifolia but also injure all four mangroves enough to preclude their use as selective treatments.
This study aimed to deposit a novel iron-based metallic glass coating onto 316L stainless steel and analyze the microstructures, phases, mechanical properties, and cavitation erosion resistances of the as-sprayed and ...
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This study aimed to deposit a novel iron-based metallic glass coating onto 316L stainless steel and analyze the microstructures, phases, mechanical properties, and cavitation erosion resistances of the as-sprayed and annealed coatings. The coatings were annealed at temperatures of 540, 640, and 740 degrees C, resulting in varying crystal contents. As the annealing temperature increased, the amorphous content of the iron-based coatings decreased from 90% to 62%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, while the microhardness increased from 849 HV0.2 to 944, 970, and 860 HV0.2, respectively. The coating annealed at 640 degrees C exhibited the best resistance to cavitation erosion, whereas the coating annealed at 740 degrees C had the poorest resistance. Cavitation erosion always initiated from defects in the amorphous/nanocrystal coatings, such as pores, microcracks, or phase interfaces, and then propagated along these defects, eventually causing the stripping of particles. During cavitation erosion, the wellbound particles fragmented under repeated shocks, and the amorphous phase crystallized into nanocrystals, leading to detachment of particles in small sizes.
The livers of terrestrial animals are an important source of vitamins and minerals, but with the liver being the major filtering and detoxifying organ, it retains xenobiotic material, especially persistent organic pol...
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The livers of terrestrial animals are an important source of vitamins and minerals, but with the liver being the major filtering and detoxifying organ, it retains xenobiotic material, especially persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim of the study was human health risk assessment related to the presence of certain POPs, namely polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in terrestrial animals' livers. HRGC-HRMS was used to determine analyte concentrations in 99 liver samples of chicken, pork, beef, and mutton livers obtained from Polish farms. The ovine livers were the most contam-inated by IPCDD/f/dl-PCBs (0.06-2.21 pg WHO-TEQ g-1 wet weight), Indl-PCBs (0.036-1.54 ng g-1 wet weight) and IPBDEs (0.21-2.27 ng g-1 wet weight). Samples were found of ovine and pork livers that exceeded the maximum concentration limits established for PCDD/fs. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were statistical differences between regions in the concentrations of the IPCDD/fs and IPCDD/f-PCBs, but none in those of the Idl-PCBs, Indl-PCBs or IPBDEs. According to Dunnett's test results, ovine liver samples from the Podlaskie province contained fewer IPCDD/f than those from the Dolnoslaskie (p < 0.027) and Malopolskie (p < 0.0342) voivodeships. Taking into account PCDD/f contents and Tolerable Weekly Intake (2 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW) (TWI2018), the lowest risk was asso-ciated with chicken liver consumption (TWI up to 11 % in the 95th percentile), pork (62 %) and bovine (92 %) livers should be eaten in limited amounts for risk avoidance, while mutton liver (400 %) should not be eaten at all. Addition-ally, there is no risk of ingestion of a harmful amount of PBDEs associated with consumption of the livers of terrestrial animals from Poland based on the margin of exposure values (>15).
Progressing climate change and intensified land-use exert unprecedented pressures on soil microbial communities, thus endangering the essential ecosystem functions they provide. However, these global change factors do...
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Progressing climate change and intensified land-use exert unprecedented pressures on soil microbial communities, thus endangering the essential ecosystem functions they provide. However, these global change factors do not act in isolation from each other, making ecosystem consequences hard to predict. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the interactive effects of climate change and land-use intensity on soil microbial activity, biomass and community composition in a large-scale field experiment. We tested soil microbial responses to a future climate scenario (ambient climate vs. increased temperature by +0.6 degrees C and altered rainfall patterns) in two land-use types (cropland vs. grassland) with two levels of land-use intensity each (high-intensity vs. low-intensity). While high-intensity land-use is characterized by fertilization and pesticide use, low-intensity land-use refrains from both. We measured soil microbial activity and biomass twice per year within a 5-year period and used phospholipid fatty acid analysis to explore changes in microbial community composition. In contrast to our expectations, soil microbes remained largely unaffected by future climate conditions. However, we found evidence that not just the type of land-use, but also their respective management intensity (high vs. low) had strong effects on soil microbes. Low-intensity management promoted soil microbial activity and biomass in grasslands, but this beneficial effect needed several years to establish. Moreover, we show that low-intensity management increased AM fungi and fungal-to-bacterial ratios in croplands as well as grasslands. Our study shows that farmers can promote soil ecosystem functions through low-intensity management measures. In grasslands, low-intensity management measures such as high plant diversity consisting of grasses, forbs and legumes, and no mineral fertilization improve soil microbial activity and biomass, as well as the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. On arable
In this work, the SCAPS-1D program was used to develop and simulate Al-ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MoS2/Mo conven-tional solar cell structure. We enhanced numerous parameters, including CZTS thickness, MoS2 interlayer thickness, and...
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In this work, the SCAPS-1D program was used to develop and simulate Al-ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MoS2/Mo conven-tional solar cell structure. We enhanced numerous parameters, including CZTS thickness, MoS2 interlayer thickness, and carrier concentration, after device validation using experimental results. With a Voc of 0.81 V, Jsc of 16.83 mA/cm2, and ff of 65.84 %, the highest experimental efficiency is 8.98%. However, we found that low efficiency is caused by defect density and the formation of MoS2 interlayers, both of which are generated by high recombination. In order to minimize this recombination, we proposed employing MoOx as the back-surface field and "Au" as the bottom contact. After device adjustment, a high performance of 22.28 % was achieved employing 20 nm of MoOx and a CZTS defect concentration of 1013 cm-3 in the new Al-ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MoOx/ Au solar cell.
Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair with fenestrated/branched endograft (f/bEVAR). The cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSfD) ...
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Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair with fenestrated/branched endograft (f/bEVAR). The cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSfD) is considered one of the leading causes;however, other possible concomitant factors have not been individualized yet. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the pattern of ICH events after f/bEVAR for TAAA and to identify possible associated factors. Materials and Methods All f/bEVAR procedures for TAAA performed in a single academic center from 2012 to 2020 were evaluated. ICH was assessed by cerebral computed tomography if neurological symptoms arose. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative characteristics were analyzed in order to identify possible factors associated. Results A total of 135 f/bEVAR were performed for 72 (53%) type I, II, III and 63 (47%) type IV TAAA;74 (55%) were staged procedures, 101 (73%) required CSfD, and 24 (18%) were performed urgently. The overall 30-day mortality was 8% (5% in elective cases);spinal-cord ischemia occurred in 11(8%) and ICH in 8 (6%) patients. All ICH occurred in patients with CSfD. ICH occurred intraoperatively in 1 case, inter-stage in 4 and after f/BEVAR completion in 3, after a median of 6 days the completion stage. Three (38%) of 8 patients with ICH died at 30 days and ICH was associated with 30-day mortality: odds ratio (OR) 13.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3-76, p=0.01. The analysis of the perioperative characteristics identified platelet reduction >60% (OR 11, 95% CI 1.6-77, p=0.03), chronic kidney disease (16% vs 0%, p=0.002), and total volume of liquor drained >50 mL (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.1-69, p=0.03) as associated with ICH. Conclusions Current findings may suggest that ICH is a potential lethal complication of the endovascular treatment for TAAAs and it mainly occurs in patients with CSfD. High-volume liquor drainage, platelet reduction, and chronic kidney disease seems increase significantly the r
BACKGROUND Asparagus decline syndrome (ADS), one of the most important diseases affecting asparagus crops, causes important yield losses worldwide. fusarium proliferatum, f. oxysporum and f. redolens are among the mai...
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BACKGROUND Asparagus decline syndrome (ADS), one of the most important diseases affecting asparagus crops, causes important yield losses worldwide. fusarium proliferatum, f. oxysporum and f. redolens are among the main species associated with ADS. To explore their potential inoculum sources and the effectiveness of soil disinfestation practices for ADS management, molecular methods based on a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were developed. qPCR-based molecular tools demonstrated advantages in the sensitive and specific detection and quantification offungal pathogens in comparison with less-accurate and time-consuming traditional culture methods. RESULTS f. proliferatum, f. oxysporum and f. redolens could be specifically detected and accurately quantified in asparagus plants, soil and irrigation water collected from asparagus fields with ADS symptoms by means of the designed TaqMan qPCR protocols. furthermore, these molecular tools were successfully applied for evaluation of the efficacy of diverse soil disinfestation treatments. Chemical fumigation with dazomet and biosolarization with pellets of Brassica carinata contributed to a significant reduction in the inoculum densities of the three fusarium species in treated soils, which was correlated with production increases. CONCLUSIONS The capability to accurately detect and quantify the main fusarium species involved in ADS in plants, soil and water samples by means of qPCR will allow identification of high-risk fields that can be avoided or managed to reduce yield losses. Quantification of pathogen densities in the soil may also provide essential insights into the effectiveness of soil disinfestation methods for ADS management.
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal reaction that amplifies a target DNA sequence with a recombinase, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), and a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. In thi...
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Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal reaction that amplifies a target DNA sequence with a recombinase, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), and a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. In this study, we optimized the reaction conditions of RPA to detect SARS-CoV-2 DNA and RNA using a statistical method to enhance the sensitivity. In vitro synthesized SARS-CoV-2 DNA and RNA were used as targets. After evaluating the concentration of each component, the uvsY, gp32, and ATP concentrations appeared to be rate-determining factors. In particular, the balance between the binding and dissociation of uvsX and DNA primer was precisely adjusted. Under the optimized condition, 60 copies of the target DNA were specifically detected. Detection of 60 copies of RNA was also achieved. Our results prove the fabrication flexibility of RPA reagents, leading to an expansion of the use of RPA in various fields. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The AlxCoCrfeNi (molar radio, x = 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were directionally solidified at the withdrawal rate of 150 mu m/s. The effects of Al content on microstructure evolution, element se...
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The AlxCoCrfeNi (molar radio, x = 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were directionally solidified at the withdrawal rate of 150 mu m/s. The effects of Al content on microstructure evolution, element segregation as well as compressive property were investigated. It was found that the increase of Al content resulted in the formation of BCC crystal structure. Meanwhile, the microstructure of AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs transformed from dendrite to equiaxed dendrite. The Al0.3CoCrfeNi HEA formed a single fCC solid solution phase, the Al0.6CoCrfeNi HEA consisted of CofeCr-enriched fCC solid solution phase + NiAl-enriched BCC solid solution phase, the Al0.9CoCrfeNi and Al1.2CoCrfeNi HEAs were composed of NiAl-enriched B2 solid solution phase + CofeCr-enriched BCC solid solution phase. Morphology of solid-liquid interface was coarse dendrite or typical dendrite. As the Al content increased, the compressive strain of directionally solidified AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs decreased from 21.26% to 18.05%, and the ultimate compressive strength increased first and then decreased. The improvement of strength results from crystal structure transition and solution strengthening. As the Al contents increased from 0.6 to 0.9, the crystal structure of AlxCoCrfeNi HEAs transformed from CofeCr-enriched fCC structure + NiAl-enriched BCC structure to CofeCr-enriched BCCstructure + NiAl-enriched B2 structure. The strain of Al0.3CoCrfeNi HEA was higher than others, and Al0.9CoCrfeNi HEA exhibited the maximum ultimate compressive strength of 2114.57 MPa.
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