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Protective effects of fagopyrum dibotrys on oxidized oil-induced oxidative stress, intestinal barrier impairment, and altered cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

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POULTRY SCIENCE 2023年第4期102卷 102472页

作者： Chen, Zhaojun Dai, Guotao Wu, Xian Li, Lina Tian, Yujie Tan, Lulin Guizhou Acad Agr Sci Guizhou Anim Husb & Vet Res Inst Guiyang 550005 Peoples R China Southwest Univ Sch Food Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Guizhou Acad Agr Sci Potato Inst Guizhou Prov Guiyang 550005 Peoples R China

The objective of this study was to evalu-ate protective effects of fagopyrum dibotrys on antioxi-dant ability, intestinal barrier functions, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens fed oxidized soybean oil. A total of 640 male Tiejiaoma broilers were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 8 cages (10 birds per cage), as follows: birds fed basal diets containing fresh soybean oil and 0, 0.5, 1, or 2% f. dibotrys (fSCON, fSfAL, fSfAM, and fSfAH, respectively), and birds fed basal diets containing oxidized oil and 0, 0.5, 1, or 2% f. dibotrys (OSCON, OSfAL, OSfAM, and OSfAH). Oxidized oil significantly decreased transcrip-tion of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, including CAT and SOD1 in the jejunal mucosa, increased jejunal mucosa IL-6 mRNA expression, and decreased jejunal mucosa IL-22 mRNA expression and downregulated Claudin-1 and ZO-1;however, all these effects were reversed by f. dibotrys. Either 1 or 2% f. dibotrys allevi-ated the decreased liver SOD induced by oxidized oil on d 42. The decreased SOD and GPX, and increased MDA induced by oxidized oil were reversed by adding 1 or 2% f. dibotrys in jejunal mucosa. In addition, based on 16S rDNA, 2% f. dibotrys promoted the firmicutes phylum and Candidatus_Arthromitus genera, but suppressed the Proteobacteria phylum and Streptococcus, Entero-coccus, and Escherichia genera. In summary, oxidative stress induced by oxidized oil was ameliorated by f. dibotrys upregulating transcription of Nrf2 and its downstream genes to restore redox balance, reinforcing the intestinal barrier via higher expression of Claudin-1/ ZO-1, ameliorating the inflammatory response by regu-lating expression of IL-6 and IL-22, and facilitating growth of Candidatus_arthromitus in the cecum. There-fore, f. dibotrys has potential as a feed additive for poul-try by ameliorating oxidative stress caused by oxidized oil, enhancing barrier function, and improving gut microbiome composition.

关键词： broiler f dibotrys oxidized oil antioxidant status cecal microbiota

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The influence of growth mindset, discipline, flow and creativity on innovation: Introducing the MDfC model of innovation

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HELIYON 2023年第3期9卷

作者： Krskova, Hana Breyer, Yvonne A. Heart Res Inst Australia & Focus Consulting Sydney Australia Macquarie Univ Macquarie Business Sch Sydney Australia

In times of change, such as during periods wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, organisations must innovate, as otherwise, they will perish. The only acceptable way forward now is about exploring avenues for increasing innovation in order for businesses to survive. The purpose of our paper is to put forward a conceptual model of factors with the potential to positively influence innovations to assist aspiring leaders and managers in addressing challenges in the future when uncertainty may be the norm rather than the exception. The authors introduce a novel M.D.f.C. Innovation Model, comprising the concepts of a growth mindset (M) and flow (f) as well as the skills of discipline (D) and creativity (C). While the elements of the new M.D.f.C. conceptual model of innovation - as separate areas of study -have been extensively researched in past studies, the authors have combined them into one model for the first time. The opportunities stemming from the proposed new model are numerous, with the implications for educators, in-dustry and theory discussed. Developing the teachable skills outlined in the model can bring benefits for both educational institutions and employers, as more employees could be equipped to look forward, be innovative and bring new, creative solutions to ill-defined problems. The model is equally suitable for individuals wishing to embrace thinking outside of the box to reap the benefits of enhancing their capacity for innovation in all aspects of their lives.

关键词： M D f C model of innovation The skill of discipline Creativity flow A growth mindset

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Diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Euphorbia wallichii

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PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023年 205卷 113486页

作者： Wang, Yali Sun, Dejuan Jiang, Qinghua Xiong, Liangliang Zhang, Na Pan, Yingni Li, Hua Chen, Lixia Shenyang Pharmaceut Univ Wuya Coll Innovat Sch Tradit Chinese Mat Med Key Lab Struct Based Drug Design & DiscoveryMinis Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Fujian Univ Tradit Chinese Med Coll Pharm Fuzhou 350122 Peoples R China China Med Univ Shengjing Hosp Dept Pharm Shenyang 110004 Peoples R China

The Euphorbia plants are the focus of natural product drug discovery because of their fascinating structural diversity and broad biological activities. Here we reported the discovery of eight undescribed diterpenoids, including two ent-trachylobanes, five ent-atisanes, and one ent-abietane, together with 15 known ones from the whole plant of Euphorbia wallichii. Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed spectrometry data analysis and X-ray crystallography. Among them, wallichane G represents a rare ent-atisane type pentacyclic diterpenoid featuring a tetrahydrofuran moiety. furthermore, bioassays indicated that jolkinolide B exhibited potent inhibitory activities on the production of NO, with an IC50 value of 3.84 +/- 0.25 mu M. Meanwhile, the mechanistic study revealed that jolkinolide B could obviously downregulate the expression of iNOS, COX-2, Nf kappa B, and phosphorylated I kappa B alpha in a dose-dependent manner and strongly upregulate the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein, thereby suppressing the inflammatory process in macrophage cells induced by LPS.

关键词： Euphorbia wallichii Hook f Euphorbiaceae ent-Trachylobane diterpenoids ent-Atisane diterpenoids ent-Abietane diterpenoids Anti-inflammatory

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Empirical assessment of species vulnerability for biodiversity conservation: A case study on Chalan beel of Bangladesh

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HELIYON 2023年第4期9卷 e15251页

作者： Mou, Anika Tahsin Uddin, Md. Taj Rahman, Md. Hamidur Khulna Agr Univ Dept Agr Econ Khulna 9202 Bangladesh Bangladesh Agr Univ Dept Agr Econ Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Khulna Agr Univ Dept Aquaculture Khulna 9202 Bangladesh

The study was conducted to assess the current biodiversity in Chalan beel, Natore district, Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through stratified random sampling and analyzed through a combination of descriptive statistical and mathematical techniques. The ShannonWeiner and Margalef richness indices were used to quantify the biodiversity of birds, and fauna. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 2.097, 0.944, and 1.510 for the fish, bird, and other faunal communities, respectively. The Species Ability to forestall Extinction (S.A.f.E.) index was used to enumerate threatened status among native birds and other faunal species in Chalan beel areas and the IUCN conservation status was assessed simultaneously. The most threatened community was birds, which comprised 28.12% of critically endangered species. According to the weighted perception index, 90.0% of respondents agreed with positive statements, and 89.0% agreed with negative statements, regarding the effects of natural disasters on biodiversity and the significance of the factors was justified through the multinomial logit model. The reasons for the depletion of fish and waterfowl were identified according to farmers' responses, and failure mode effect analysis (fMEA) was used to rank the causes of depletion according to intensity. This study identified the overall biodiversity status of Chalan beel as a representative wetland to assist policymakers in conservation.

关键词： Biodiversity Indices Natural Calamities S A f E Index IUCN Red List Biodiversity depletion

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Differential associations between scale-free neural dynamics and different levels of cognitive ability

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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023年第6期60卷 e14259页

作者： Pei, Leisi Zhou, Xinlin Leung, frederick K. S. Ouyang, Guang Univ Hong Kong Fac Educ Hong Kong Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning Beijing Peoples R China

As indicators of cognitive function, scale-free neural dynamics are gaining increasing attention in cognitive neuroscience. Although the functional relevance of scale-free dynamics has been extensively reported, one fundamental question about its association with cognitive ability remains unanswered: is the association universal across a wide spectrum of cognitive abilities or confined to specific domains? Based on dual-process theory, we designed two categories of tasks to analyze two types of cognitive processes-automatic and controlled-and examined their associations with scale-free neural dynamics characterized from resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings obtained from a large sample of human adults (N = 102). Our results showed that resting-state scale-free neural dynamics did not predict individuals' behavioral performance in tasks that primarily engaged the automatic process but did so in tasks that primarily engaged the controlled process. In addition, by fitting the scale-free parameters separately in different frequency bands, we found that the cognitive association of scale-free dynamics was more strongly manifested in higher-band EEG spectrum. Our findings indicate that resting-state scale-free dynamics are not universal neural indicators for all cognitive abilities but are mainly associated with high-level cognition that entails controlled processes. This finding is compatible with the widely claimed role of scale-free dynamics in reflecting properties of complex dynamic systems.

关键词： 1 f automatic and controlled process cognitive ability dual-process theory resting-state EEG scale-free dynamics

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Biodegradable Stenting in a Patient With a Refractory Biliary Stricture

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CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2023年第9期21卷 XXV-XXVI页

作者： Kirstein, Martha M. Engelke, Carsten Solbach, Philipp Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein Dept Med 1 Campus Luebeck Lubeck Germany

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Preliminary investigation of the immune activity of PmH2A-derived antimicrobial peptides from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

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fISH & SHELLfISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023年 135卷 108691页

作者： Shen, Chenghao Guo, Zhijie Liang, Haiying Zhang, Meizhen Fisheries Coll Guangdong Ocean Univ Zhanjiang 524088 Guangdong Peoples R China Guangdong Prov Key Lab Aquat Anim Dis Control & Hl Zhanjiang 524088 Guangdong Peoples R China

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play important roles in the immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms. for instance, histone 2A (H2A)-derived AMPs is an antimicrobial peptide involved in the host's innate immune defense and immunoregulation. AMPs have been isolated from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii but their role in host defense remains poorly understood. To elucidate the structural features of P. f. martensii H2A (PmH2A)-derived AMPs and their potential immune functions, we synthesized a series of laboratory-designed synthetic analogs of PmH2A and examined their antimicrobial properties, as well as their mechanisms of ac-tion. This analysis revealed inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. further assessment by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of two of the three peptides, PmH2A-AMP and PmH2A-AMP(5-13)[KLLK]3, confirmed that it exerted an anti-bacterial activity through membrane lysis. finally, we found that the hemocytes and gills of P. f. martensii released antimicrobial H2A histones in response to LPS exposure, mimicking tissue damage and infection. This immune response is reminiscent of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently described in oysters. Thus, the LPS challenge is sufficient to induce histone-derived peptide accumulation in pearl oyster P.f. martensii.

关键词： P f martensii H2A-derived AMPs Immune activity NETs

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Comparing divergence landscapes from reduced-representation and whole genome resequencing in the yellow-rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata) species complex

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MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 2021年第23期30卷 5994-6005页

作者： Szarmach, Stephanie J. Brelsford, Alan Witt, Christopher C. Toews, David P. L. Penn State Univ Dept Biol University Pk PA 16802 USA Univ Calif Riverside Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol Dept Riverside CA 92521 USA Univ New Mexico Museum Southwestern Biol Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Univ New Mexico Dept Biol Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

Researchers seeking to generate genomic data for non-model organisms are faced with a number of trade-offs when deciding which method to use. The selection of reduced representation approaches versus whole genome resequencing will ultimately affect the marker density, sequencing depth, and the number of individuals that can multiplexed. These factors can affect researchers' ability to accurately characterize certain genomic features, such as landscapes of divergence-how f-ST varies across the genomes. To provide insight into the effect of sequencing method on the estimation of divergence landscapes, we applied an identical bioinformatic pipeline to three generations of sequencing data (GBS, ddRAD, and WGS) produced for the same system, the yellow-rumped warbler species complex. We compare divergence landscapes generated using each method for the myrtle warbler (Setophaga coronata coronata) and the Audubon's warbler (S. c. auduboni), and for Audubon's warblers with deeply divergent mtDNA resulting from mitochondrial introgression. We found that most high-f-ST peaks were not detected in the ddRAD data set, and that while both GBS and WGS were able to identify the presence of large peaks, WGS was superior at a finer scale. Comparing Audubon's warblers with divergent mitochondrial haplotypes, only WGS allowed us to identify small (10-20 kb) regions of elevated differentiation, one of which contained the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene NDUfAf3. We calculated the cost per base pair for each method and found it was comparable between GBS and WGS, but significantly higher for ddRAD. These comparisons highlight the advantages of WGS over reduced representation methods when characterizing landscapes of divergence.

关键词： divergence landscapes f (ST) mitochondrial introgression reduced‐ representation sequencing whole genome sequencing

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Effects of environmental drivers and irrigation on yields of macadamia orchards along an altitudinal gradient in South Africa

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SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2023年第1期321卷

作者： Bringhenti, T. Joubert, E. Abdulai, I. Hoffmann, M. P. Moriondo, M. Taylor, P. J. Roetter, R. P. Univ Goettingen Trop Plant Prod & Agr Syst Modelling TROPAGS Grisebachstr 6 D-37077 Gottingen Germany Levubu Ctr Excellence E 33 1 ZA-0929 Levubu South Africa Univ Venda SARChI Chair Biodivers Value & Change Private Bag X5050 ZA-0950 Thohoyandou South Africa Agvolution GmbH Philipp Reis Str 2A D-37075 Gottingen Germany Natl Res Council Italy Inst BioEcon CNR IBE Via Madonna Piano 10 I-50019 Florence Italy Univ Free State Zool & Entomol Dept QwaQwa CampusPrivate Bag X13 ZA-9866 Phuthaditjhaba South Africa Univ Free State Afromontane Res Unit QwaQwa CampusPrivate Bag X13 ZA-9866 Phuthaditjhaba South Africa Univ Goettingen Ctr Biodivers & Sustainable Land Use CBL Buesgenweg 1 D-37077 Gottingen Germany

Macadamia is a high value tree nut crop experiencing a global rise in demand. South Africa is the worldwide largest producer and macadamia orchards are rapidly expanding in the country. However, yields are highly variable across years and have been declining in recent years. Therefore, to sustainably increase the productivity and resilience of macadamia orchards to climate change, the impact of environmental factors on the trees' vegetative and reproductive cycles needs to be better understood. To this end, the extent to which orchard characteristics, climatic and soil factors, as well as irrigation amounts drive macadamia yields in Levubu (Limpopo Province, South Africa) along an altitudinal gradient (600-950 m a.s.l.), was quantified by using mixed-effects models. Climatic variables were selected separately for the different macadamia phenological stages, in which they potentially affected yields. furthermore, the effects of different yield determining factors were compared between irrigated and rainfed orchards. A pronounced interannual variability of macadamia yields was found (from 1.2 to 4.0 tons dry nut-in-shell ha-1), although a triennial bearing pattern was observed. Higher yields were found at elevations >700 m a.s. l. and in micro-sprinkler irrigated orchards. Orchard characteristics and environmental variables jointly explained 49% of yield variability. Cultivar, presence of irrigation, tree age and planting density were found to affect yield, while no significant effect was found for soil variables (i.e. soil texture, bulk density, pH and C:N ratio). High temperatures and low global radiation during the nut development stages, alongside poor rainfall amounts in the dry season, were the climatic factors more severely affecting yields. In particular, low irradiance was the main yield limiting factor in irrigated orchards, while extremely high temperatures and poor rainy seasons in rainfed orchards. Increased irrigation amounts, although beneficial, were n

关键词： Abiotic stress impact Climate change Irrigation systems Linear Mixed Models Macadamia spp f Muell Yield limiting factors

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fusarium foot rot: Monitoring and characterization of soil-rhizosphere populations in durum wheat

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APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 2023年第1期191卷

作者： Campanella, Vito Res Ctr Plant Protect & Certificat Council Agr Res & Econ Vle Reg Siciliana Sud Est 8669 I-90100 Palermo Italy

A complex of fusarium species is commonly isolated from soil rhizosphere of durum wheat plants affected by fusarium foot rot (ffR), but information on their distribution and relative abundance as well as their role in the pathogenic process has yet to be clarified. To this end, two aspects were analyzed in our investigation. On the one hand we examined fusarium populations from soil rhizosphere of affected durum wheat plants harvested at tillering growth phase (29 BBCH -scale) in 8 cereal farms (sites A-H) in the most representative areas of durum wheat production in Sicily. Regarding this first aspect, 17 fusarium species were identified based on their morphological characteristics and molecular traits. f. acuminatum, f. compactum, f. equiseti, f. oxysporum, and f. solani were isolated from soil rhizosphere samples of all sites and their inoculum densities averaged 483, 864, 649, 1629 and 1543 colony forming units per gram of soil (CfU/g-1), respectively. f. culmorum (1158 CfUs) was found in 7 of the 8 sites. The other fusarium species were isolated from 5 (f. lateritium and f. semitectumi), 4 (f. merismoides), 2 (f. avenaceum and f. sporotrichioides) and 1 (f. crookwellense, f. dimerum, f. graminearum, f. verticillioides, f. subglutinans and Microdochium nivale) of the 8 cereal sites respectively. On the other hand, 30 pure cultures of the most frequent fusarium spp. (fusarium acuminatum, f. compactum, f. equiseti and f. culmorum), chosen to represent all four species of each of the sites, were assayed in vitro to evaluate their effect on seed germination and seedling development. In comparison to the (uninoculated) control, f. acuminatum significantly decreased seed germination, shoot height, root length and vegetative vigour by 80.2, 79.6, 90.8 and 97.4 % respectively. f. culmorum showed the greatest inhibition of all vegetative parameters. f. compactum and f. equiseti resulted in increased, albeit not statistically significant, seed germination. Moreover, f. co

关键词： Soil rhizosphere fusarium foot rot Inoculum density Vigour index f culmorum acuminatum compactum equiseti

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