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THE CONTRIBUTION Of ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES TO HYPERREACTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE

JOURNAL Of ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 1989年第4期83卷 722-729页

作者： RANKIN, JA [a]From the Research Service West Haven Veterans Hospital West Haven Conn. USA [b]From the Yale University School of Medicine Pulmonary Disease Section New Haven Conn. USA

Thus, there is substantial evidence that favors a role for macrophages in subjects with atopic asthma. The precise manner in which these cells participate and the relative degree to which these cells contribute to, or orchestrate, events remains to be delineated. Research on the potential role of macrophages in asthma syndromes remains in its infancy. In time we will discover new roles for mononuclear phagocytederived mediators and many more new mediators that will play a role in the complex immunologic events ongoing in the airways of patients with asthma. Also, future research will continue to explore what promises to be a productive area of research, namely, cell-cell interactions and the manner in which many cells participate together in the pathophysiology of asthma. If macrophages can be demonstrated to influence airway inflammation associated with atopic disease, they may be appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention.

关键词： BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage fcR fcreceptor PAf Platelet-activating factor AM Alveolar macrophage PBM Peripheral blood monocyte LTD 4 Leukotrienes D 4 LTB 4 B 4 LTC 4 C 4 PGD 2 Prostaglandins D 2 PGE 2 E 2 PGf 2 f 2 K a Equilibrium constant

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TARGET SITES Of UV-B RADIATION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Of HIGHER-PLANTS

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JOURNAL Of PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1989年第2期4卷 145-158页

作者： BORNMAN, Jf Department of Plant Physiology University of Lund Box 7007 S-220 07 Lund Sweden

UV-B radiation will probably become an increasingly important stress factor for plant life should UV radiation flux to the earth's surface increase. With regard to photosynthesis, studies on the partial reactions of the electron transport system point to photosystem II (PS II) as the main target area. The oxidizing side of PS II in addition to the reaction centres may be prime targets of UV-B radiation, with other sites of the transport chain being less affected. The extent of the overall damage will, however, depend on both the inherent adaptive response and the environmental conditions. Recent developments in the search for primary targets and some of the general features of response of the photosynthetic system to UV-B radiation will be discussed.

关键词： fibre optics flash spectroscopy fluorescence induction ozone photosynthesis PS I PS II targets ultraviolet radiation UV-B. DCMU, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea DCIP, dichlorophenol-indophenol DPC, diphenylcarbazide f max , maximum fluorescence f 0 , initial fluorescence level f v , variable fluorescence, f max — f o LHC, light harvesting complex MGDG and DGDG, monogalactosyldiglycerides and digalactosyldiglycerides PAR, photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) PQ, plastoquinone PS I, PS II, photosystems I and II RC, reaction centre RuBPcase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase PEPcase, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) UV-B, UV radiation (280–320 nm).

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ON THE OPTIMALITY Of A CLASS Of ROW COLUMN DESIGNS

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JOURNAL Of STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INfERENCE 1989年第3期23卷 397-402页

作者： BAGCHI, S SHAH, KR UNIV WATERLOO DEPT STAT & ACTUARIAL SCIWATERLOO N2L 3G1ONTARIOCANADA

We establish optimality of a class of row-column designs. This includes the designs given by Anderson and Eccleston. The optimality result is valid for any Schur criterion and thus holds for the commonly used criteria... 详细信息

关键词： Primary 62K05 secondary 62K10 Schur optimality ψ f -optimality weak upper majorization equireplicate designs

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CHANGES IN THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS Of RED ALGAE INDUCED BY SPECTRAL ALTERATION Of THE LIGHT-fIELD .1. A DECREASE IN THE APPARENT QUANTUM YIELD Of PS-I CAUSED BY PREILLUMINATION WITH LIGHT-1

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989年第2期973卷 131-137页

作者： REHM, AM GULZOW, M RIED, A UNIV FRANKFURT INST BOT SIESMAYERSTR 70 D-6000 FRANKFURT FED REP GER

Preillumination with light 1 strongly diminishes the apparent quantum yield of Photosystem I in Porphyridium purpureum, Porphyra yezoensis and some other red algae. At limiting light 1 intensities, the photooxidation rate of cytochrome f and of P-700 is reduced by 40-60% after preillumination with light 1 compared with light 2 preillumination. Addition of DCMU or DBMIB preceding the preillumination period completely abolishes the effect, whilst addition immediately after the preillumination does not affect it. We concluded that this effect (1) is not realted to a redistribution of energy, (2) is not caused by an acceleration of the simultaneous reduction of cytochrome f and P-700 via plastoquinone (by cyclic or noncyclic electron transport) and (3) depends on the redox state of an electron carrier nearly connected with the plastoquinone pool. In many respects, as in fluorescence or oxygen-exchange kinetics, this effect mimics the phenomena which are expected to result from a true redistribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems.

关键词： Photosystem I Excitation energy distribution Light state transition Cytochrome f photooxidation P-700photooxidation (Red algae) Cyt. Cytochrome DBMIB 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl- p -benzoquinone DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-di-methylurea L 1 , L 2 light 1, light 2 PAR photosynthetic active radiation, measured from 400 to 700 nm PS Photosystem Q A primary quinone acceptor of PS II PES Provasoli-enriched seawater

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ENHANCEMENT Of THE DELTA-PH-DEPENDENT DISSIPATION Of EXCITATION-ENERGY IN SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS BY LIGHT-ACTIVATION - CORRELATION WITH THE SYNTHESIS Of ZEAXANTHIN

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fEBS LETTERS 1989年第1-2期256卷 85-90页

作者： REES, D YOUNG, A NOCTOR, G BRITTON, G HORTON, P UNIV SHEFFIELD ROBERT HILL INSTDEPT MOLEC BIOL & BIOTECHNOLWESTERN BANKSHEFFIELD S10 2TNS YORKSHIREENGLAND UNIV LIVERPOOL DEPT BIOCHEMLIVERPOOL L69 3BXENGLAND

The extent of energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in broken spinach chloroplasts has been quantitatively related to the size of the thylakoid proton gradient as measured by the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence by titration at constant irradiance with the uncoupler nigericin or by change in irradiance. It was found that chloroplasts prepared from leaves that had been pre-illuminated with strong light for 30 min showed energy-dependent quenching at a lower proton gradient than chloroplasts prepared from dark-adapted leaves. Measurement of the carotenoid composition of the thylakoids showed that light treatment raised the ratio of zeaxanthin: violaxanthin. The possible dependence of energy-dependent quenching on xanthophyll composition and the physiological implications of this light-activation process to the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport are discussed.

关键词： PS II, photosystem II q Q, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence q NP, non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence q E, energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence q I, slowly relaxing fluorescence quenching induced in high light q 9AA, quenching of the fluorescence from 9-aminoacridine f m , maximum level of chlorophyll fluorescence when PS II reaction centres are closed f o , minimum level of chlorophyll fluorescence when PS II reaction centres are open f v , f m minus f o ΔpH, proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

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CONfORMATIONAL-CHANGES IN HUMAN-PROTHROMBIN AS DETECTED BY ANTIBODY POPULATIONS

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989年第1-2期996卷 95-102页

作者： LAU, HKf ROSENBERG, RD CHARLES A DANA RES INST BOSTON MA USA HARVARD UNIV SCH MED BOSTON MA 02115 USA MIT DEPT BIOL CAMBRIDGE MA 02139 USA MIT WHITAKER COLL CAMBRIDGE MA 02139 USA

The amino-terminal peptides of human prothrombin corresponding to residues 1-51 and 52-156 have been isolated from a thrombin digest of prothrombin fragment 1. The products of digestion were purified by means of barium citrate and ammonium sulfate precipitations, followed by gel filtration and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. They were identified by their molecular sizes as well as their amino acid compositions. Peptides 1-51 (f1A) and 52-156 (f1B) were used as affinity ligands for the isolation of antibody populations from antisera that were elicited against human prothrombin or prothrombin fragment 1. These antibody populations displayed restricted specificity for the respective ligands as shown by competitive radioimmunoassays. They were used to study the conformational changes in prothrombin and fragment 1. The f1A-specific antibody populations detected a conformational change which is stabilized by calcium ions and which has a transition midpoint at .apprx. 0.2 mM calcium ion concentration. The f1B-specific antibody populations identified conformational change which is destabilized by calcium ions and which has a transition midpoint at .apprx. 0.5 mM calcium.

关键词： Prothrombin fragment 1 Calcium Conformational change (Human) f 1 human prothrombin activation fragment 1 f 1 + 2 prothrombin activation fragment 1 and 2 f 1 A prothrombin N-terminal peptide 1–51 f 1 B prothrombin N-terminal peptide 52–156 SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PBS phosphate buffered saline (0.05 M sodium phosphate/0.5 M NaCl (pH 7.5) SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate

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REVERSAL Of QUINONE-INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL fLUORESCENCE QUENCHING

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989年第2期973卷 124-130页

作者： KARUKSTIS, KK MONELL, CR HARVEY MUDD COLL DEPT CHEM CLAREMONT CA 91711 USA

We have used two methods to investigate the reversibility of the interaction of substituted quinones with the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts. Treatment of chloroplasts with added quinones lowers the room-temperature Photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence intensity by variable amounts depending on the indentity and concentration of the quinone. The extent of restoration of the chlorophyll fluorescence level is used as a measure of the effectiveness of the reversal technique. One reversal method involves the addition of thiols to quinone-treated chloroplasts to alter the quinone in a chemical way via a nucleophilic 1,4-Michael addition. In general, the modified quinones exhibit a lower affinity for the thylakoid membrane, as evidenced by an accompanying increase in chlorophyll fluorescence. The thiol concentrations necessary for quenching reversal are found to be in the order [dithiothreitol] < [2-mercaptoethanol] < [glutathione]. The second reversal method examines the extent to which added quinones can be removed from thylakoid membranes using a concentration gradient by resuspension of quinone-treated cholorplasts in quinone-free media. The results further support the reversible nature of the quinone inhibition and indicate that the extent of recovery is dependent upon the degree of fluorescence inhibition originally induced by the added quinone.

关键词： Chlorophyll fluorescence fluorescence quenching Anthraquinone Benzoquinone' Naphthoquinone (Barley chloroplast) AQ 9,10-anthraquinone BQ 1,4-benzoquinone Chi chlorophyll DBMIB 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-l,4-benzo-quinone DMOE 1,2-dimethoxyethane DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DTT dithiothreitol f max maximum chlorophyll fluorescence level with Photosystem II electron acceptor Q A reduced GLU glutathione Hepes 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazine-sulfonic acid I 0 , I Q I R chlorophyll fluorescence levels in untreated chloroplast samples, in quinone-treated chloroplasl samples, and in samples after resuspension of quinone-treated chloroplasts in quinone-free buffer, respectively MER 2-mercaptoethanol NQ 1,4-naphthoquinone Q A and Q B the membrane-bound and membrane-exchangeable plas-toquinone electron acceptors in Photosystem II, respectively

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUANTUM YIELD Of PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AND QUENCHING Of CHLOROPHYLL fLUORESCENCE

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989年第1期990卷 87-92页

作者： GENTY, B BRIANTAIS, JM BAKER, NR UNIV ESSEX DEPT BIOL COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ ESSEX ENGLAND CNRS INST PHYSIOL VEGETALE F-91190 GIF SUR YVETTE FRANCE

Measurements of the quantum yields of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 assimilation for a number of plant species exposed to changing light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations and during induction of photosynthesis are used to examine the relationship between fluorescence quenching parameters and the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport. Over a wide range of physiological conditions the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport was found to be directly proportional to the product of the photochemical fluorescence quenching (qQ) and the efficiency of excitation capture by open Photosystem II (PS II) reaction centres (fv/fm). A simple fluorescence parameter, .DELTA..vphi.f/.***, which defined by the difference in fluorescence yield at maximal .***, and steady-state .***, divided by .***, can be used routinely to estimate changes in the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport. It is demonstrated that both the concentration of open PS II reaction centers and the efficiency of excitation capture by these centres will determine the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport in vivo and that deactivation of excitation within PS II complexes by non-photochemical processes must influence the quantum yield of non-cyclic electron transport.

关键词： Carbon assimilation Chlorophyll fluorescence Electron transport fluorescence quenching Photosyslem II Quantum yield PS Photosystem qE high-energy state quenching qQ photochemical quenching φ CO 2 quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation φ e quantum yield of photosystem II electron transport φ f yield of fluorescence (subscripts o, m, s and v define minimal, maximal, steady-state and variable levels)

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A METHOD fOR ANALYSIS Of fLUORESCENCE INDUCTION CURVE fROM DCMU-POISONED CHLOROPLASTS

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989年第1期975卷 44-49页

作者： HSU, BD LEE, YS JANG, YR Institute of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu (Taiwan China)

The kinetic analysis of fluorescence induction curve from DCMU-poisoned chloroplasts involves the calculation of the growth of the complementary area above the curve with time. It has been shown that extreme care must be taken in the estimation of the maximum fluorescence yield (fm), in order to obtain accurate values of the area and the rate constants. Prolonging illumination time to obtain more accurate fm value, however, met the problems of finding an adequate time of illumination and the presence of very slow fluorescence rise or quench, which was not related to the redox changes of Photosystem II acceptors. In this report, a mathematical analysis method is introduced. It enabled us to determine the fm value accurately from a fluorescence induction curve obtained after a relatively short period of illumination (2 s). Using the new method, we found that the rate constant of the slowest phase was much smaller than any previously estimated value. Moreover, we found that the fluorescence curve consisted of three instead of two phases. It appears that the existing hypotheses dealing with two phases may have to be re-examined.

关键词： fluorescence induction Photosystem II Chlorophyll fluorescence DCMU A norm normalized complementary area abovethe fluorescence induction curve A t total complementary area DCMU 3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea f m maximum fluorescence yield PS II Photosystem II

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fRUCTANS IN THE UNDERGROUND-STORAGE ORGANS Of SOME AUSTRALIAN PLANTS USED fOR fOOD BY ABORIGINES

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JOURNAL Of PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1989年第2期134卷 196-202页

作者： INCOLL, LD BONNETT, GD GOTT, B MONASH UNIV DEPT BOT CLAYTON VIC 3168 AUSTRALIA

Tuberous roots or corms of six liliaeous species [Arthropodium 4milleflorum, A. aff. milleflorum (Mt. Kosciusko), Bulbine bulbosa, Caesia calliantha, Chamaescilla corymbosa var. corymbosa, Dichopogon strictus and two species form the Asteraceae (Microseria lanceolata, Microseris aff. lanceolata (Mt. Gellibrand)] known to be food plants of Australian aborigines and predicted to store fructan rather than starch, were harvested from natural communities or from cultivated plants. Water contents of storage organs varied from 77% in M. lanceolata to 89% in A. aff. milleflorum with a mean of 84 .+-. 1.4% (n = 8).Total water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) as a proportion of dry mass varied from 39% in A. milleflorum to 81% in M. lanceolata giving a maximum concentration of 183 mg WSC g-1 fresh mass in the root tubers of the latter. Extracted WSC were separated and identified by HPLC and TLC using fructans extracted from Helianthus tuberosus and Hordeum sativum as reference materials. On the basis of retention times on HPLC and oclour reactions on TLC, all species contained fructose, glucose, sucrose and fructan. Seven species had most of their mass of WSC (> 75%) as fructan. Caesia calliantha had 41%;of the balance, 29% was fructose. TLC showed that, on the basis of Rf values, B. bulosa, C. Calliantha, M. lanceolata and M. aff. lanceolata contained fructans of the inulin series. The relationship of the distribution of mass between the monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, sucrose and fructan to the phenology of each species is discussed.

关键词： Arthropodium spp. Bulbine bulbosa Caesia calliantha Chamaescilla corymbosa Dichopogon strictus Microseris spp. fructan content HPLC phenolo DP degree of polymerization f fructose G glucose HPLC high performance liquid chromatography S sucrose TLC thin layer chromatography

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