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Two Strawsonian strategies for accounting for morally responsible agency

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES 2020年第8期177卷 2341-2364页

作者： Beglin, David Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

It is common for theorists, drawing on P. f. Strawson, to account for morally responsible agency in terms of the nature of the emotions and feelings that characterize our responsibility practices, in terms of the nature of the so-called "reactive attitudes." Here, I argue against this attitude-based Strawsonian strategy, and I argue in favor of an alternative, which I call the "concern-based Strawsonian strategy." On this alternative, rather than account for morally responsible agency in terms of the nature of the reactive attitudes, one accounts for such agency in terms of the concern that leaves us susceptible to those attitudes in the first place. This, I believe, is a more promising way to develop the Strawsonian approach than the attitude-based strategy. The concern-based strategy allows us to better countenance the number and variety of the reactive attitudes that characterize our responsibility practices;it shares the attitude-based strategy's virtues;and it seems to position us to better understand the distinctive social and moral significance associated with being and being regarded as a morally responsible agent.

关键词： P f Strawson Responsibility Moral psychology free will Agency Reactive attitudes

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Bio-production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk and their impact on rice bakanae disease and grain yield

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ARCHIVES Of PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT PROTECTION 2020年第9-10期53卷 459-478页

作者： Elamawi, Rabab M. Tahoon, Abdelaziz M. Elsharnoby, Dalia E. El-Shafey, Rabie A. Agr Res Ctr Plant Pathol Res Inst Rice Pathol Dept Sakha 33717 Kafrelsheikh Egypt Agr Res Ctr Field Crops Res Inst Rice Res & Training Ctr Kafrelsheikh Egypt

The present study aimed to use silica nanoparticles for bakanae disease management after appearance of symptoms. Preparation of silica nanoparticles from milled and/or acid leaching rice husk prior to calcination were estimated to determine optimal methods. Characterisation using XRD, TEM and DLS showed amorphous SiNPs with high purity, sphere particles with diameter of 15 nm and stability of SiNPs, respectivelly. At laboratory, SiNPs led to significant reductions in sporulation of fusarium fujikuroi. In contrast, mycelial growth and colony-forming units (CfU) were increased. At greenhouse, Disease Severity Index (DSI) decreased with application of different SiNPs concentrations as seed treatment. SiNPs at 50 mg/L improved rice plants silica content, electrolyte leakage and peroxidase activity. At field, foliar application of SiNPs after disease symptoms appearance significantly reduced the disease incidence and increased grain yield. The current results suggested that controlling f. fujikuroi once appearing of bakanae disease symptoms considered a new effective management practices.

关键词： Silica nanoparticles f fujikuroi Disease Severity Index foliar application silica content electrolyte leakage and peroxidase activity

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Long-Term Outcomes after Macular Hole Surgery

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OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA 2020年第4期4卷 369-376页

作者： Elhusseiny, Abdelrahman M. Schwartz, Stephen G. flynn, Harry W., Jr. Smiddy, William E. Univ Miami Miller Sch Med Bascom Palmer Eye Inst Dept Ophthalmol 900 NW 17th St Miami FL 33136 USA Cairo Univ Kasr Al Airy Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Cairo Egypt

Purpose: To evaluate the structural and visual outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (MH) with at least 5 years of follow-up information. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: Patients with idiopathic MH who had at least 5 years of follow-up information after PPV. Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded preoperatively and, when available, at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years after surgery. Reestablishment of the postoperative integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and the external limiting membrane (ELM) and presence of cystoid spaces were evaluated using spectral-domain (SD) OCT. Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative BCVA and its correlation with different SD OCT parameters. Results: Eighty-seven eyes of 80 patients with a mean age at surgery of 68.9 +/- 7.03 years were included. The mean postoperative follow-up was 9.6 +/- 4.3 years (median, 9 years;range, 5-22 years). The mean preoperative BCVA was 0.20 +/- 0.14 (range, 0.03-0.66). Postoperative BCVA was improved at all time points compared with preoperative BCVA (P < 0.05). Improvement in the postoperative BCVA remained stable 10 years after surgery. Initial successful closure of MH was achieved in 82 eyes (94%). Macular hole reopening occurred in 7 eyes (8.0%). Eleven eyes (13%) were reoperated: 4 eyes (4.5%) for persistence and 7 eyes (8.0%) for reopening of MH. Indocyanine green (ICG) stain was used in 22 eyes (25.2%). Among 57 patients (66%) who were phakic before surgery, 52 eyes (91.2%) underwent cataract extraction after PPV at a mean duration of 32.7 +/- 38.5 months (range, 2-187 months). Postoperative EZ integrity was restored in 52 eyes (60%), ELM integrity was restored in 54 eyes (62%), and cystoid spaces of variable severity were observed in 28 eyes (32%). Preoperative BCVA of 20/60 or better and postoperative reestablished ELM and EZ integrity were associated significantly with better postoperative BCVA at different postoperative fo

关键词： BCVA best-corrected visual acuity CE cataract extraction C 3 f 8 perfluoropropane ELM external limiting membrane EZ ellipsoid zone ICG indocyanine green ILM internal limiting membrane MH macular hole MHS macular hole surgery PPV pars plana vitrectomy SD spectral-domain Sf 6 sulfurhexafluoride

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The effect offaecalibacterium prausnitziiand its extracellular vesicles on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells and expression of PPARs and ANGPTL4 in the Caco-2 cell culture model

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JOURNAL Of DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 2020年第2期19卷 1061-1069页

作者： Moosavi, Seyedeh Marzieh Sepahi, Abbas Akhavan Mousavi, Seyed fazlollah Vaziri, farzam Siadat, Seyed Davar Islamic Azad Univ Fac Biol Dept Microbiol North Branch Tehran Iran Pasteur Inst Iran Dept Microbiol Tehran Iran Pasteur Inst Iran Dept Mycobacteriol Tehran Iran Pasteur Inst Iran Pulm Res Dept Tehran Iran Pasteur Inst Iran Microbiol Res Ctr MRC Tehran Iran

Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota such asfaecalibacterium prausnitziiplay a major role in the regulation of gut barrier, inflammation and metabolic functions. Microbiota-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) have been recently introduced as functional units mediating the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell-microbiota interactions. In this paper, the effect off. prausnitziiand its EVs on mRNA expression levels of tight junction genes (ZO1andOCLN) as well asPPARsandANGPTL4genes in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line was evaluated. Methods f. prausnitziiwas cultured on the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth medium under anaerobic conditions, and its EVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. This bacterium and its EVs were treated on the Caco-2 cells. After 24 h, the expression of the genes encoding TJ proteins such asZO1andOCLN,PPARsandANGPTL4was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Unlikef. prausnitzii, its EVs significantly increased the expression ofZO1andOCLNgenes, andPPAR alpha,PPAR gamma andPPAR beta/delta genes (except at a concentration of 100 mu g/ml) as well asANGPTL4gene. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated thatf. prausnitzii-derived EVs increased the intestinal barrier permeability via TJs (ZO1andOCLN) as well asPPAR-alpha,PPAR-gamma andPPAR beta/delta genes and their targeted gene (ANGPTL4)in the Caco-2 cell line. Accordingly, it is suggested thatf. prausnitzii-derived EVs can be considered as a new bacterial postbiotic to cure dysbiosis-associated diseases including obesity and its related metabolic dysfunctions, according to the leaky gut hypothesis.

关键词： f prausnitzii EVs Intestinal epithelial cell permeability PPARs ANGPTL4

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Issues in Australian foreign Policy January to June 2020

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AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL Of POLITICS AND HISTORY 2020年第4期66卷 646-662页

作者： Baldino, Daniel Univ Notre Dame Fremantle WA Australia

The coronavirus outbreak was a dramatic foreign policy game‐changer in the first half of 2020. While alarm bells started to ring in January, the World Health Organisation (WHO) officially declared COVID‐19 as a global pandemic on 11 March. The animal pathogen introduced into the human world created an abrupt series of international security shockwaves that tested community resilience and compounded situations of uncertainty and division in a more multi‐polar world *** was not immune to this turbulence. The Morrison government's first year since the election was dominated by this extraordinary high‐impact global event that placed great stress on political systems and fuelled worrying scenarios of military tension and geopolitical friction against the backdrop of declining US influence and intensified Chinese assertiveness. It also threatened widespread social and economic dislocation while boosting nationalist, populist and extremist impulses, both at home and abroad. further, heightened disinformation and propaganda campaigns emerged as a profound national security threat. As Thomas Rid cautioned, “it is impossible to excel at both misinformation and democracy at the same time”.11 Thomas Rid, Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare (New York, 2020), *** the wake of a horror bushfire season that had caused colossal devastation across a number of affected regions (and calls for a major change in policy settings to address “the existential nature of the threat to people and ecosystems”),22 See Matt McDonald, “After the fires? Climate change and security in Australia”, Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 55, 3 (2020). the attention‐span of the government found itself quickly consumed by a rapidly evolving public health emergency. This emergency that swept across the globe had a decisive and immediate impact on vulnerable populations and global geo‐political and socio‐economic realities. A June 2020 Lowy Instit

关键词： f

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The Austrian School of Economics: A view from London

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REVIEW Of AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS 2020年第1-2期33卷 69-85页

作者： Boettke, Peter J. Candela, Rosolino A. George Mason Univ Dept Econ MSN 1A1 Fairfax VA 22030 USA Mercatus Ctr FA Hayek Program Adv Study Philosophy Polit & Eco Buchanan Hall D123PPE 1A1 Fairfax VA 22030 USA

This paper explores the intellectual context of the Department of Economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) during the 1930s. We will be focusing on the contributions of f.A. Hayek, along with Lionel Robbins, in fostering an intellectual environment for the transmission and incorporation of Austrian economics, particularly the works of Ludwig von Mises. In doing so we illustrate that Hayek and Robbins were attempting to craft a unified tradition of economic theory that consisted of various strands of economic thought that had either contributed to, or were consistent with, the Austrian tradition. The work done by Hayek, as well as Robbins, at the LSE not only consolidated the ideas of the Austrian tradition that had developed from Vienna. In doing so, they also rearticulated the broader theoretical contributions of classical political economy as a counterweight against an emerging neoclassical and Keynesian paradigm.

关键词： f A Hayek Lionel Robbins London School of Economics

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Schiff base anchored silver nanomaterial: An efficient and selective nano probe for fluoride detection in an aqueous medium

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 43卷 2926-2932页

作者： Suman Swami Neelam Sharma Arunava Agarwala Vibha Shrivastava Rahul Shrivastava Department of Chemistry Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur (Rajasthan) VPO-Dehmi-Kalan Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way Jaipur Rajasthan 303007 India Department of Chemistry Malda College Malda West Bengal 732101 India Department of Chemistry Shri Kalyan Government Girls College Sikar Rajasthan 332001 India

Schiff base anchored plasmonic silver nanomaterial was designed and developed as a qualitative nano probe for fluoride detection in an aqueous medium. Schiff base encloses phenolic functionality has utilized as reducing as well as capping agent for preparation of the silver nanoparticles. The fluoride sensing was investigated by UV–Visible, fSEM and fSEM-EDAX analysis techniques. The UV–Vis and fSEM analysis illustrate that Schiff base anchored silver nanoparticles, exhibited SPR band at 475 nm and uniform spherical (28–30 nm) size which on interaction with fluoride, nanoparticles get agglomerate with a visual color change from brown to dark brown.

关键词： Schiff base Ag NPs Optical properties f − sensing Aqueous medium UV–Visible

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Methodology for the identification of relevant loci for milk traits in dairy cattle, using machine learning algorithms

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METHODSX 2022年 9卷 101733页

作者： Raschia, Maria Agustina Rios, Pablo Javier Maizon, Daniel Omar Demitrio, Daniel Poli, Mario Andres Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr Inst Genet Ewald A Favret Hurlingham CICVyA CNIA Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr EEA Anguil Anguil La Pampa Argentina Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr Direcc Gen Sistemas Informac Comunicac & Proc Gerencia Informat & Gest Informa Buenos Aires Argentina Univ Nacl La Plata Fac Ciencias Exactas La Plata Argentina Univ Nacl Pampa Fac Agron La Pampa Argentina Univ Salvador Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet Buenos Aires Argentina

Machine learning methods were considered efficient in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) underlying a trait of interest. This study aimed to construct predictive models using machine learning algorithms, to identify loci that best explain the variance in milk traits of dairy cattle. further objectives involved validating the results by comparison with reported relevant regions and retrieving the pathways overrepresented by the genes flanking relevant SNPs. Regression models using XGBoost (XGB), LightGBM (LGB), and Random forest (Rf) algorithms were trained using estimated breeding values for milk production (EBVM), milk fat content (EBVf) and milk protein content (EBVP) as phenotypes and genotypes on 40417 SNPs as predictor variables. To evaluate their efficiency, metrics for actual vs. predicted values were determined in validation folds (XGB and LGB) and out-of-bag data (Rf). Less than 4500 relevant SNPs were retrieved for each trait. Among the genes flanking them, signaling and transmembrane transporter activities were overrepresented. The models trained: Predicted breeding values for animals not included in the dataset. Were efficient in identifying a subset of SNPs explaining phenotypic variation. The results obtained using XGB and LGB algorithms agreed with previous results. Therefore, the method proposed could be applied for future association studies on milk traits. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Single nucleotide polymorphisms Estimated breeding values Dairy cattle XGBoost LightGBM Random forest Milk production Milk fat content Milk protein content EBV f estimated breeding values for milk fat content EBV M estimated breeding values for milk production EBV P estimated breeding values for milk protein content fDR false discovery rate GWAS genome-wide association study HxJ Holstein x Jersey LGB LightGBM MAE mean absolute error ML machine learning MSE mean squared error Rf Random forest RMSE root mean square error SNP single nucleotide polymorphism XGB XGBoost Construction of predictive models using machine learning algorithms for the identification of loci that best explain the variance in milk traits of dairy cattle.

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Real World Data on forgiveness to Uncomplete Adherence to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide

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JOURNAL Of THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION Of PROVIDERS Of AIDS CARE 2022年 21卷

作者： Maggiolo, franco Valenti, Daniela Teocchi, Rodolfo Comi, Laura Di filippo, Elisa Rizzi, Marco ASST Papa Giovanni XXII UOC Infect Dis Bergamo Italy ASST Papa Giovanni XXII FROM Fdn Bergamo Italy ASST Papa Giovanni XXII Informat Dept Bergamo Italy ASST Papa Giovanni XXII UOC Malattie Infett Bergamo Italy

Background: forgiveness is the ability of a given regimen to maintain complete viral suppression despite a documented imperfect adherence. We explored forgiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. Methods: drug refills were used to calculate the percent day covered (PDC) as a proxy of adherence. forgiveness was calculated as the achieved rate of a selected HIV-RNA threshold by a given level of imperfect adherence. Results: 281 adult PLWH were followed for 343 patient/years. Adherence was very high with a median of 98% (IQR 95-100%). A PDC as low as 70% was sufficient to obtain 100% and maintain virologic suppression. According to probit analysis adherence was not related to the possibility to maintain an HIV-RNA TND or < 50 copies/ml. Conclusions: Long-term success of ART needs effective regimens that are the least intrusive of the patient's lifestyle, an elevated forgiveness may be considered as an additional feature that can further improve long-term outcomes.

关键词： forgiveness adherence B f TAf cohort INSTI efficacy

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Outflow facility Effects of 3 Schlemm's Canal Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery Devices

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OPHTHALMOLOGY GLAUCOMA 2020年第2期3卷 114-121页

作者： Toris, Carol B. Pattabiraman, Padmanabhan P. Tye, George Samuelson, Thomas W. Rhee, Douglas J. Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Cleveland OH 44106 USA Univ Nebraska Med Ctr Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Omaha NE 68198 USA Indiana Univ Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Minnesota Eye Consultants Minneapolis MN USA Univ Minnesota Dept Ophthalmol Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Purpose: To study the effect of 3 Schlemm's canal (SC) microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices on outflow facility. Design: Paired comparisons, randomized design, baseline-controlled study. Participants: Thirty-six pairs of dissected anterior segments from donated human eye bank eyes without glaucoma were studied. A baseline measurement was collected from each eye to serve as its control. Methods: Using a constant pressure perfusion method, outflow facility was measured in paired eyes from human donors. Measurements were made at perfusion pressures of 10 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 30 mmHg, and 40 mmHg. Outflow facility was measured before (baseline control) and after the implantation of an SC glaucoma drainage device or sham procedure. Three sets of experiments were carried out comparing 1 and 2 iStent Trabecular Micro- Bypass Stents and 2 iStent Inject implants with the Hydrus Microstent. Main Outcome Measures: Change in outflow facility from baseline or contralateral eye. Results: After Hydrus placement, the outflow facility increased from 0.23 +/- 0.03 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury at baseline to 0.38 +/- 0.03 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury (P < 0.001). The percent increase in outflow facility was 79 +/- 21% for the Hydrus and 11 +/- 16% for the 2 iStent Inject devices, a difference that was significant (P = 0.018). Outflow facility with 1 iStent (0.38 +/- 0.07 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury) was greater than baseline (0.28 +/- 0.03 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury;P = 0.031). The 1 iStent showed a greater increase in outflow facility from baseline (0.10 +/- 0.04 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury) compared with the sham procedure (-0.08 +/- 0.05 mu l/minute per millimeter of mercury;P = 0.042). No other significant differences were found. Conclusions: The longer the MIGS device, and thus the more SC that it dilates, the greater the outflow facility. (C) 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

关键词： C outflow facility f aqueous flow IOP intraocular pressure MIGS microinvasive glaucoma surgery R resistance SC Schlemm's canal TM trabecular meshwork

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