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Hegel's intervention in Wurttemberg's constitutional conflict*

HISTORY Of EUROPEAN IDEAS 2020年第2期46卷 157-174页

作者： Buchetmann, Elias European Univ Inst Dept Hist & Civilizat Florence Italy

In so far as Georg Wilhelm friedrich Hegel's political thought is placed in historical context, Prussia usually takes pride of place even among those who reject the tenacious stereotype of 'the Prussian state philosopher'. This article in contrast draws attention to Hegel's often neglected intervention in Wurttemberg's constitutional conflict in 1817/18. Drawing on contemporary pamphlets, lecture transcripts and correspondence, it provides an analysis of Hegel's Assessment of the Proceedings of the Estates Assembly of the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in 1815 and 1816 in the context of the post-Napoleonic constitutional debate in Germany and explores the background and reactions to Hegel's article. Hegel's advocacy of the King's imposition of a new constitution and his rejection of the Estates' struggle for a return to 'the good old law' affords crucial insights into his conception of constitutional monarchy and political representation. The relevance of early nineteenth-century constitutional developments in the Southern German states to Hegel's political thought is thus established.

关键词： G W f Hegel constitution Wurttemberg representation Estates early nineteenth century

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Late weaning is associated with increased microbial diversity and faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance in the fecal microbiota of piglets

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ANIMAL MICROBIOME 2020年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Massacci, francesca Romana Berri, Mustapha Lemonnier, Gaetan Guettier, Elodie Blanc, fany Jardet, Deborah Rossignol, Marie Noelle Mercat, Marie-Jose Dore, Joel Lepage, Patricia Rogel-Gaillard, Claire Estelle, Jordi Univ Paris Saclay AgroParisTech INRA GABI F-78350 Jouy En Josas France Univ Bologna Dept Agr & Food Sci Bologna Italy Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Umbria & Marche Tog Perugia Italy Univ Tours INRA ISP Nouzilly France INRA UE PAO Nouzilly France IFIP Inst Porc & Alliance R&D Le Rheu France Univ Paris Saclay AgroParisTech INRA MICALIS Jouy En Josas France Univ Paris Saclay INRA MetaGenoPolis Jouy En Josas France

Background In pig production systems, weaning is a crucial period characterized by nutritional, environmental, and social stresses. Piglets transition from a milk-based diet to a solid, more complex plant-based diet, and their gut physiology must adapt accordingly. It is well established that piglets weaned later display improved health, better wean-to-finish growth performance, and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of weaning age on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in piglets. forty-eight Large White piglets were divided into 4 groups of 12 animals that were weaned at different ages: 14 days (early weaning), 21 days (a common weaning age in intensive pig farming), 28 days (idem), and 42 days (late weaning). Microbiota composition was assessed in each group by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using fecal samples taken on the day of weaning, 7 days later, and at 60 days of age. Results In each group, there were significant differences in fecal microbiota composition before and after weaning (p < 0.05), confirming that weaning can drastically change the gut microbiota. Microbiota diversity was positively correlated with weaning age: microbial alpha diversity and richness were higher in piglets weaned at 42 days of age both on the day of weaning and 7 days later. The abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was also higher in piglets weaned at 42 days of age. Conclusions Overall, these results show that late weaning increased gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of f. prausnitzii, a microorganism with positive effects in humans. Piglets might thus derive a competitive advantage from later weaning because they have more time to accumulate a higher diversity of potentially beneficial microbes prior to the stressful and risky weaning period.

关键词： Piglet Gut microbiota Age Weaning Diversity f Prausnitzii

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Systematic Review of Verbal Operants in Speech Generating Device Research from Skinner's Analysis of Verbal Behavior

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PERSPECTIVES ON BEHAVIOR SCIENCE 2020年第2期43卷 387-413页

作者： Tincani, Matt Miller, Jessica Lorah, Elizabeth R. Nepo, Kaori Temple Univ 1301 Cecil B Moore AveRitter Hall 351 Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Univ Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Chimes Delaware Inc Newark DE USA

Skinner's (1957) book Verbal Behavior is a critical tool in designing effective communication programs for individuals with limited speech. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the speech generating device (SGD) research literature from Skinner's taxonomy of primary verbal operants. An extraction procedure yielded 56 studies published between 1995 and 2018, with a total of 221 participants, most of whom had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The large majority of SGD studies (42) targeted multiply controlled mands, whereas only a handful of studies targeted verbal operants that were not mands. few studies employed procedures for fading contrived sources of stimulus control to promote spontaneous responding, and few studies targeted more sophisticated, topography-based responses (e.g., typing, speech). Results of the review highlight the need for better dissemination of Skinner's Verbal Behavior, the need for research to evaluate effects of SGD in teaching a greater variety of spontaneous verbal operants, and the need to focus on application of SGD with populations beyond individuals with ASD and IDD.

关键词： Augmentative and alternative communication Speech generating device Verbal behavior B f Skinner Autism spectrum disorder Intellectual and developmental disability Applied behavior analysis

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Samuel Hirsch, Hegel, and the Legacy of Ethical Monotheism

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HARVARD THEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020年第1期113卷 89-110页

作者： Erlewine, Robert Illinois Wesleyan Univ Bloomington IL 61701 USA

This essay examines Samuel Hirsch's Religious Philosophy of the Jews as a forerunner of twentieth-century works of ethical monotheism in modern Jewish thought. In particular, it explores Hirsch's use of the dichotomy between monotheism and idolatry as a way to resist Hegel's attempts to incorporate Judaism into his developmental history of religion. Hirsch frames his opposition to the Hegelian account of religion by means of providing a rival interpretation of Genesis 3 to that offered by Hegel in the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. After juxtaposing Hegel's and Hirsch's respective interpretations of Genesis 3, I explore Hirsch's account of religion, which, unlike Hegel's, is presented in terms of the dichotomy of true and false religion. finally, I will briefly highlight how Hirsch's basic strategy for understanding Judaism vis-a-vis other religions-namely, casting the dichotomy between monotheism and idolatry in starkly ethical terms-is taken up and utilized by Hermann Cohen and Emmanuel Levinas in the twentieth century.

关键词： Die Religionsphilosophie der Juden The Religious Philosophy of the Jews Samuel Hirsch G W f Hegel franz Rosenzweig Hermann Cohen Emmanuel Levinas Genesis 3 ethical monotheism

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Antibacterial silver nanoparticles using different organs of ficus deltoidea Jack var. kunstleri (King) Corner

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BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022年 44卷

作者： Din, Shahrulnizahana Mohammad Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Shamsuddin, Mustaffa Matmin, Juan Hadi, Atieya Abdul Asraf, Muhammad Hariz Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Sci Dept Biosci Johor Baharu 81310 Johor Malaysia Dept Chem Malaysia Johor Jalan Abdul Samad Johor Baharu 80100 Johor Malaysia Univ Teknol Malaysia Ibnu Sina Inst Sci & Ind Res ISI SIR Ctr Sustainable Nanomat CSNano Utm 81310 Johor Malaysia Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Sci Dept Chem Johor Baharu 81310 Johor Malaysia

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using plant extracts is considered as an advanced method of synthesising AgNP using the green method. Although the leaf and the root of ficus del-toidea Jack var. kunstleri (King) Corner (Mas Cotek) are known to have medicinal benefits, the study on its organs (leaf, stem, fig and root) to synthesise AgNP is still scarce. Therefore, this study determined the optimal synthesising conditions for AgNP-Leaf, AgNP-Stem, AgNP-fig, and AgNP-Root, involving the volumes of plant extracts (1.0, 1.0, 0.8 and 3.0 mL), reaction times (30, 21, 33 and 21 h), reaction temperatures (60, 90, 100 and 90 degrees C), and solution pH (10, 12, 10 and 12). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) discovered that AgNP-Stem had the highest organic de-composition. All biosynthesised AgNPs exhibited spherical and crystal structures, with the parti-cle sizes in the order of AgNP-Root (15.4 +/- 3.4 nm) < AgNP-Stem (20.5 +/- 2.4 nm) < AgNP-fig (21.3 +/- 4.2 nm) < AgNP-Leaf (22.9 +/- 4.3 nm), as measured by transmission electron mi-croscope (TEM). Meanwhile, in the disc diffusion technique (DDT) and minimum inhibitory/bac-tericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) analyses, AgNP-Root exhibited more significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) bacteria compared to other organs. Visible damage was found on the bacterial wall of S. aureus treated with AgNP-Stem when observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (fESEM). Hence, the phytochemical compounds found in the f. deltoidea organs significantly influenced the characteristics of AgNP and subsequently impacted the antibacterial activity.

关键词： f deltoidea Plant organs Biosynthesis Silver nanoparticle

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Experimental and numerical study of a falling film heat exchanger used in a vapour absorption refrigeration system

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 46卷 5204-5210页

作者： Ananya Ravi C. Chiranjeevi T. Srinivas R. Thundil Karuppa Raj Y. Raja Sekhar M. Natarajan A.M. Thu School of Civil Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 TN India School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 TN India Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 144011 Punjab India Department of Mechanical Engineering Mandalay Technological University Mandalay Myanmar

falling film evaporators have found applications in a wide range of industries, varying from chemical industries, petroleum refinery, desalination and food process industries. These heat exchangers are preferred mainly because of high heat exchange rates with low temperature difference between the heat exchange fluids at low film fluid flow rates with low evaporation temperature. This study is focused on numerical and experimental investigation of vapour generator (falling film heat exchanger) of a vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system. The influence of key operating parameters like mass flow rate of fluid, inlet temperature and the concentration of the thermic fluid as well as the coolant, are experimentally studied and are compared with the numerical results. The deviation between the experimental and numerical results was found to be 8.72%, with a lesser deviation at lower temperatures. The minimum percentage error is 2.15%, for a thermic fluid temperature at 50 °C. There is a stronger agreement in the results for lower values of the glycol water mixture inlet temperature, than at high temperatures. A maximum of 1000 W/m 2 heat is transferred to the aqua-ammonia with ammonia concentration of 0.6 by volume is observed for thermic fluid inlet temperatures of 80 °C. The effect of various operating parameters were numerically studied and interpreted. The results obtained were in correlation with the concepts of heat transfer.

关键词： CfC Chlorofluorocarbon HCfC Hydrofluorocarbon LPH Litre per hour VARS Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System f correction factor Δ T temperature difference between heat transfer fluids D i D o , inner and outer diameters of the heat exchanger tubes h i h o , inner and outer heat transfer coefficients k heat exchanger tube material thermal conductivity Nu Nusselt number Re Reynolds number Pr Prandtl number falling film evaporator Vapour absorption refrigeration Heat transfer Generator Absorber

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The Awe of the Lord is the Beginning of Knowledge: The Significance of Awe for Theological Epistemology

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EXPOSITORY TIMES 2020年第4期131卷 153-159页

作者： Woznicki, Christopher Fuller Theol Seminary Pasadena CA 91101 USA

The most common accounts of what constitutes theological knowledge emphasize the need to hold to true theological propositions. Such accounts ignore an important feature of knowledge, namely that the manner in which one comes to hold a particular belief is a significant factor in saying that the belief that one holds to actually counts as 'knowledge'. Drawing upon T. f. Torrance's theological epistemology as well as Jewish philosophical work on the topic of 'awe,' this essay argues that if a theologian is to accomplish her task, she must cultivate her sense of awe for God. The essay concludes with some recommendations for cultivating awe that justifies theological knowledge.

关键词： Awe Epistemology Judaism T f Torrance Theological Method

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Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates Better Contact between the Gas and Anterior Inferior Retina in Side versus face-Down Position

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OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA 2020年第9期4卷 911-918页

作者： Hostovsky, Avner Mandelcorn, Mark S. Mandelcorn, Efrem D. Univ Toronto Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci Toronto ON M5N 2X4 Canada

Purpose: To demonstrate the relationship between an intraocular gas bubble, the retina, and the residual intraocular fluid in different head positions using orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 3 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade. Design: Novel study. Participants: Patients undergoing PPV with gas-fluid exchange (sulfurhexafluoride [Sf6] or perfluoropropane [C3f8]). Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in 3 patients undergoing PPV with gas-fluid exchange (Sf6 or C3f8). All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (E.D.M.). On the first postoperative day, the volume of intraocular gas fill was estimated separately by 2 surgeons (A.H. and E.D.M). four orbital MRI scans were obtained from different head positions, including face up (supine), face down (prone on a massage pillow), flat on the right side, and flat on the left side. Main Outcome Measure: Relationship between the gas bubble and residual vitreous fluid. Results: The MRI images demonstrated, with excellent contrast, the gas and fluid locations in the vitreous cavity in all scans. The relationship between the gas bubble and residual vitreous fluid showed a rapid shift when the patient's head position changed. The MRI images demonstrated that with both 70% gas fill and 95% gas fill, lying on the side can give better support to the inferior retina than face-down positioning. The images demonstrated the importance of accurate head positioning, because a slight change in head position resulted in inadequate contact between the anterior inferior retina and the gas bubble. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time that the relationship between an intraocular gas bubble and contact with the retina has been evaluated in different head positions in vivo using MRI imaging. The MRI images demonstrated that side positioning gives better contact between the gas bubble and the inferior and anterior retina than prone positioning even when the gas

关键词： C 3 f 8 perfluoropropane IOP intraocular pressure MRI magnetic resonance imaging PPV pars plana vitrectomy RRD Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Sf 6 sulfurhexafluoride Vf vitreous fluid

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Comparative analysis of port efficiency in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta: a meta Dynamic DDf approach

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH-EKONOMSKA ISTRAZIVANJA 2022年第2期36卷

作者： Wang, Min Wu, Xiao-fen Xie, Yu-han Chiu, Yung-ho Hohai Univ Business Sch Changzhou Peoples R China Soochow Univ Dept Econ Taipei Taiwan

The Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are two regions with the highest level of economic development in China, and their port development is at the forefront of the country. This study measures the efficiency of 23 major ports in the two deltas from 2010 to 2018 using the meta Dynamic Directional Distance function (D.D.f.) model and discusses the technology gap and the reasons for inefficiency of the ports. The research results show that 80% of the ports in these two deltas are inefficient. The Yangtze River Delta's port efficiency is higher than that of the Pearl River Delta, but the internal efficiency difference of the Yangtze River Delta port cluster is more significant. The efficiency ranking of most ports is inconsistent under the meta-frontier (M.f.) and group frontier (G.f.), and the average technology gap ratio (T.G.R.) of ports in the Pearl River Delta gradually exceeds that in the Yangtze River Delta. The inefficiency of ports in the Pearl River Delta is caused by input factors, and the inefficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta is also related to the containerisation level.

关键词： Yangtze River Delta Pearl River Delta port efficiency meta Dynamic Directional Distance function (D D f ) model

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Mechanism of Action of Diallyl Sulphide in Ameliorating the Hematopoietic Radiation Injury

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2021年第1期12卷 57-66页

作者： Omika Katoch Mrinalini Tiwari Namita Kalra Paban K. Agrawala Department of Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Timarpur New Delhi India

Diallyl sulphide (DAS), the pungent component of garlic, is known to have several medicinal properties and has recently been shown to have radiomitigative properties. The present study was performed to better understand its mode of action in rendering radiomitigation. Evaluation of the colonogenic ability of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) on methocult media, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and transplantation of stem cells were performed. The supporting tissue of HSCs was also evaluated by examining the histology of bone marrow and in vitro colony-forming unit–fibroblast (CfU-f) count. Alterations in the levels of IL-5, IL-6 and COX-2 were studied as a function of radiation or DAS treatment. It was observed that an increase in proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells occurred by postirradiation DAS administration. It also resulted in increased circulating and bone marrow homing of transplanted stem cells. Enhancement in bone marrow cellularity, CfU-f count, and cytokine IL-5 level were also evident. All those actions of DAS that could possibly add to its radiomitigative potential and can be attributed to its HDAC inhibitory properties, as was observed by the reversal radiation induced increase in histone acetylation.

关键词： hematopoietic system HDAC inhibitor CfU f CfC assay COX 2

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