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Thermal performance of buildings with light colored exterior materials

Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 28卷 1307-1313页

作者： R.K. Pal Parveen Goyal Shankar Sehgal Panjab University SSG Regional Centre Hoshiarpur 146020 India UIET Panjab University 160014 Chandigarh India

A large amount of heat gets transferred to the indoor air of a building from outside in summers. Thermal comfort is measured using the indoor air temperature as main parameter. In northern India the indoor air temperature is very high and uncomfortable to the occupants. The air conditioners used for space cooling consumes a large amount of electric energy mainly produced from fossil fuels which gives rise to a lot of pollution. The heat gain by a building can be reduced by using light colors on the building exterior materials. In the present study the thermal comfort in buildings with different light colors has been evaluated and compared. The solar air temperature increased during the day time for all the light colors. The highest solar air temperature was for sand color and lowest for white color and for other colors it was in between these two. The net heat gain was witnessed during the day and in the evening and net heat loss was witnessed in the night and morning for all colors. The net heat gain was greatest for sand color and smallest for white and yellow color. The indoor air temperature increased during the day & in the evening and decreased in the night & in the morning for all colors. The indoor air temperature was maximum for sand color and minimum for white and yellow color. The maximum difference of indoor air temperature for sand & white color and that for sand & yellow color was around 0.9 °C and 0.7 °C respectively. Energy savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction is also achievable for light colors especially white and yellow colors. Therefore the white and yellow colored buildings are more comfortable for the occupants to some extent, the cooling load is lesser and these are friendlier to the environment.

关键词： T a T s , T ia , Ambient dry bulb, solar-air and indoor air temperature respectively (°C) α I l , Absorptance of surface for solar radiation and total incident solar load respectively h i h o , The film coefficient of the indoor airand outside air over the building respectively (W/m 2 K) δR εδR/h o , Difference of longwave radiation incident on the surfacefrom the sky & surroundings and the radiation emitted by black body at outdoor air temperatureand long wave radiation factor U r , U w U wi , Overall heat transfer coefficient for roof, walls and windows respectively (W/m 2 K) A r A w , A wi , Area of the roof, walls and windows respectively (m 2 ) E f C es , Carbon dioxide emission factor, carbon dioxide emission reduction (kg/month) respectively L di ,L tr Distribution, transmission losses factor respectively τ Transmissivity of the window glass T sr T sw , T swi , The solar-air temperature of the roof, walls and windows respectively (°C) E s Monthly energy savings (kWh/month) Q net Q netl , Q nets , Net heat flow to the building (W) V ia ρ ia, Volume of room air(m 3 ) and density of room air (kg/m 3 ) respectively C ia M ia , Specific heat of room air (kJ/kgK) and mass of room air (kg) respectively N The number of air changes per hour Time variation of room air temperature b Coefficient of indoor air temperature δ 1 ,δ 2 ,δ 3 the thickness of cement layer,cement - concrete layer and brick layer respectively (m) K 1 ,K 2 ,K 3 Thermal conductivity of cement, cement - concrete and brick layer respectively (W/mK Solar absorptance Indoor air temperature Solar air temperature Energy efficient buildings Cooling load Light colored buildings

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Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by biosynthesised copper nanoflowers using f-benghalensis leaf extract

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IET NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016年第5期10卷 321-325页

作者： Agarwal, Meenakshi Bhadwal, Akhshay Singh Kumar, Nishant Shrivastav, Archana Shrivastav, Braj Raj Singh, Manoj Pratap Zafar, fahmina Tripathi, Ravi Mani Amity Univ Amity Inst Nanotechnol Sect 125 Noida 201303 UP India Coll Life Sci Dept Microbiol Gwalior 474009 MP India Canc Hosp & Res Inst Dept Surg Oncol Gwalior 474009 MP India GR Med Coll Dept Surg Palace Rd Gwalior 474009 MP India Jawaharlal Nehru Univ Adv Instrumentat Res Facil New Delhi 110067 India Jamia Millia Islamia Dept Chem Inorgan Mat Res Lab New Delhi 110025 India

This study reports the unprecedented, novel and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) copper nanostructure having flower like morphology using leaf extract of ficus benghalensis. The catalytic activity of copper nanoflowers (CuNfs) was investigated against methylene blue (MB) used as a modal dye pollutant. Scanning electron micrograph evidently designated 3D appearance of nanoflowers within a size range from 250 nm to 2.5 m. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed the presence of copper elements in the nanoflowers. fourier-transform infrared spectra clearly demonstrated the presence of biomolecules which is responsible for the synthesis of CuNfs. The catalytic activity of the synthesised CuNfs was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The MB was degraded by 72% in 85 min on addition of CuNfs and the rate constant (k) was found to be 0.77 x 10(-3) s(-1). This method adapted for synthesis of CuNfs offers a valuable contribution in the area of nanomaterial synthesis and in water research by suggesting a sustainable and an alternative route for removal of toxic solvents and waste materials.

关键词： catalysis dyes nanostructured materials nanofabrication scanning electron microscopy X-ray chemical analysis copper fourier transform infrared spectra visible spectra ultraviolet spectra molecular biophysics catalytic degradation methylene blue biosynthesised copper nanoflowers f benghalensis leaf extract three-dimensional copper nanostructure synthesis 3D copper nanostructure synthesis flower like morphology ficus benghalensis leaf extract modal dye pollutant electron micrograph 3D appearance energy-dispersive X-ray spectra copper elements fourier-transform infrared spectra biomolecules ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy toxic solvent removal waste materials size 250 nm to 2 5 mum Cu

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The Jester in Verwoerd's Court: English Press Cartoons, 1959-1965

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SOUTH AfRICAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL 2021年第2期73卷 435-461页

作者： van der Merwe, Ria Univ Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

The political cartoon has proven to be an effective means not only to mock but also to criticise the government of the day and to expose its abuse of power. The visual nature of cartoons, combined with humour, enables cartoon artists to bring across their message in a succinct manner. Cartoonists also employ references to events that their readership can relate to, making cartoons a mode of communication whose impact should not be underestimated. This article considers how cartoons that appeared in English-language South African newspapers viewed the Verwoerd government's policies, specifically the implementation of those regarding the Bantustans or homelands. The article focuses on how cartoon artists used two phenomena of the time, the Space Race and the Beatles, to convey their criticism of the National Party government. The article also considers the effectiveness of the cartoons artists - like jesters in the royal court, masking their moral judgement behind witty remarks - to unmask the true intentions of the government's homeland policy.

关键词： National Party H f Verwoerd separate development apartheid Bantustans homelands political cartoons

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Turning tolerogenic into immunogenic ileal cell death through ileal microbiota: the key to unlock the mystery of colon cancer immunoscore?

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ONCOIMMUNOLOGY 2020年第1期9卷 1778834页

作者： Roberti, Maria Paula Picard, Marion Yonekura, Satoru Zitvogel, Laurence Gustave Roussy Canc Campus GRCC UMR 1015 Villejuif France Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med INSERM U1015 Equipe Labellisee Ligue Natl Canc Villejuif France Ctr Clin Invest Biotherapies Canc CICBT 1428 Villejuif France Inst Pasteur Paris Unit Biol & Genet Bacterial Cell Wall Paris France Univ Paris Saclay Fac Med Le Kremlin Bicetre France Chinese Acad Med Sci Suzhou Inst Syst Med Suzhou Peoples R China

Why PD-1 blockade is ineffective in the vast majority of colorectal cancers (CCs) lacking microsatellite instability but harboring high densities of tumor infiltrating T cells and follicular T helper (TfH) and B cells remained so far an open conundrum. In a recent report published inNature Medicine, we bring evidence in mice and patients that ileal microbiota turns tolerogenic apoptosis of ileal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) into immunogenic cell demise capable of eliciting IL-1 beta-dependent TfH responses that benefit from anti-PD1 antibodies.

关键词： Colon cancer immunity immune checkpoint B fragilis microbiome P clara ileum f nucleatum

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Production of phycocyanin by Leptolyngbya sp. in desert environments

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ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOfUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020年 47卷

作者： Schipper, Kira fortunati, filippo Oostlander, Pieter C. Al Muraikhi, Mariam Al Jabri, Hareb Mohammed S. J. Wijffels, Rene H. Barbosa, Maria J. Qatar Univ Ctr Sustainable Dev POB 2713 Doha Qatar Wageningen Univ Bioproc Engn POB 16 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Netherlands Nord Univ Fac Biosci & Aquaculture N-8049 Bodo Norway

Leptolyngbya sp. QUCCCM 56 was investigated as a possible alternative to A. platensis , for the production of phycocyanin-rich biomass under desert conditions. Under elevated temperatures and light intensities, of up to 40 °C and 1800 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 , the strain's biomass productivity was up to 45% higher as compared to reported productivities for A. platensis , with comparable phycocyanin content. Increasing temperatures were found to improve the biomass productivity and phycocyanin content, which, at 40 °C, were 1.09 ± 0.03 g X ·L −1 ·d −1 and 72.12 ± 3.52 mg PC ·g X −1 , respectively. The optimum biomass productivity was found at a light intensity of 300 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 , with higher light intensities causing a decrease of 15%. furthermore, of the various phycocyanin extraction methods tested, bead-beating in phosphate buffer had the highest combined phycocyanin yield (169.9 ± 3.6 mg PC ·g X ) and purity (7.37 ± 0.16) for Leptolyngbya sp. for A. platensis , this extraction method also resulted in the highest extract purities (3.78 ± 0.04). The extract purities obtained for Leptolyngbya sp. are considerably higher than other reported phycocyanin purities, and further investigation is recommended to study the scale-up of both Leptolyngbya sp. and bead-beating for commercial scale high-grade phycocyanin production under desert conditions.

关键词： C PC phycocyanin concentration mg PC ·L −1 C X biomass concentration g X ·L −1 EP extract purity f H harvest volume L·d −1 I light intensity μmol·m −2 ·s −1 P PC phycocyanin productivity mg PC ·L −1 ·d −1 P X biomass productivity g X ·L −1 ·d −1 T temperature °C X PC phycocyanin content mg PC ·g X −1 V R reactor volume L Cyanobacteria Phycocyanin Thermotolerance Light intensity Extraction Extract purity

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The effects of entrepreneurs' characteristics on internationalisation of gazelle firms: a case of Lithuania

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH-EKONOMSKA ISTRAZIVANJA 2019年第1期32卷 2864-2881页

作者： Korsakiene, Renata Bekesiene, Svajone Hoskova-Mayerova, Sarka Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ Dept Management Vilnius Lithuania Gen Jonas Zemaitis Mil Acad Lithuania Dept Engn Management Vilnius Lithuania Univ Def Dept Math & Phys Brno Czech Republic

In recent years so-called Gazelle firms or high growth firms (H.G.f.s) have been the interest of policymakers, however little is known about entrepreneur-level determinants affecting internationalisation of these firms. Thus, the research aims to extend the literature addressing the impact of entrepreneurs' characteristics on the internationalisation of H.G.f.s in Lithuania. The research sample was drawn from the population of Lithuanian H.G.f.s directly approaching the owners and members of the management team. The final sample included 177 internationalised firms. The analysis was based on the binomial logistic regression to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that entrepreneurial networks and foreign language capabilities of owners/managers are good predictors of internationalisation degree. However, the research confirms the decreasing effect of domestic ties, the higher degree of internationalisation. The research did not reveal the significance of entrepreneurial and managerial competencies of owners/managers for internationalisation success. furthermore, the study did not support the relationship of owners/managers' education abroad and internationalisation. The research makes the twofold contribution to the extant literature. first, the research develops and tests the relationships surrounding the internationalisation of H.G.f.s as related to managerial and entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial networks and international background of owners/managers. Second, the research highlights entrepreneur-level determinants affecting internationalisation of H.G.f.s in Central and Eastern European (C.E.E.) country's context.

关键词： high growth firms (H G f s) internationalisation competence entrepreneurial networks international background management personnel

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Effect of falcaria vulgaris on oxidative damage of liver in diabetic rats

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JOURNAL Of DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 2019年第1期18卷 15-23页

作者： Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi Roshankhah, Shiva Najari, Nazanin Jalili, Cyrus Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Sch Med Dept Anat Sci Kermanshah Iran Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Sch Nursing & Midwifery Kermanshah Iran Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Med Biol Res Ctr Kermanshah Iran

BackgroundOxidative stress is strongly associated with development of diabetes mellitus. f. vulgaris, contains antioxidant ingredients. This study was designed in order to evaluate the effect of f. vulgaris on the damaged liver in diabetic *** this study, hydroalcoholic extract of f. vulgaris was prepared. Sixty four male rats were divided into 8 groups (n=8), including saline (normal control), streptozotocin (STZ) (diabetic control) (60mg/kg), f. vulgaris (50, 100, 150mg/kg), and STZ plus f. vulgaris (50, 100, 150mg/kg) were administered through oral gavage on treated group once a day for 28 consecutive days. Serum nitrite oxide (NO) level, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (fRAP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), liver weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), diameter of hepatocytes and central hepatic vein have been examined. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc *** outcomes showed that administrating streptozotocin enhanced liver MDA, nitrite oxide, the mean diameter of central hepatic vein and hepatocyte, liver enzymes significantly and reduced liver weight compared to saline group (P<0.05). Though, administrating f. vulgaris and f. vulgaris plus STZ enhanced liver weight and tissue fRAP level significantly and reduced liver enzymes, NO levels, liver MDA, the mean diameter of hepatocyte and central hepatic vein in entire doses were equal to STZ group (P<0.05).ConclusionIt seems that, were equal f. vulgaris might recover liver injuries in diabetic rats.

关键词： f vulgaris Liver Diabetes mellitus antioxidants

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SELf-OWNERSHIP AND THE IMPORTANCE Of THE HUMAN BODY

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SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY & POLICY 2019年第2期36卷 94-115页

作者： Carter, Ian Univ Pavia Polit Philosophy Pavia Italy

In this essay I attempt to vindicate the "asymmetry thesis," according to which ownership of one's own body is intrinsically different from ownership of other objects, and the view that self-ownership, as libertarians normally understand the concept, enjoys a special "fact-insensitive" status as a fundamental right. In particular, I argue in favor of the following claims. first, the right of self-ownership is most plausibly understood as based on the more fundamental notion of respect for persons, where the concept of a person is in turn understood, along the lines set out by P. f. Strawson and P. M. S. Hacker, as referring to an entire biological organism with a certain set of mental and corporeal characteristics. If we restrict our attention to human persons, we can say on this basis that there is a special moral status attaching to the entire human body, and to no more than the human body. Second, self-ownership is not, as critics have sometimes supposed, based on a more fundamental right to equal freedom or autonomy. Criticisms of self-ownership as insufficiently justified on the basis of such rights are therefore off target. Rather, equal freedom and self-ownership are each based directly on the more fundamental notion of respect for persons. for left-libertarians, the asymmetry thesis serves to give priority to self-ownership when delineating a set of original property rights, given that there are many alternative ways of realizing equal freedom not all of which involve fully respecting people's property rights in themselves.

关键词： self-ownership personhood self human body autonomy freedom left-libertarianism P f Strawson P M S Hacker respect for persons rights property

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Is Cervical Sagittal Balance Related to the Progression of Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?

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WORLD NEUROSURGERY 2020年 137卷 52-67页

作者： Lin, Taotao Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Gang Liu, Wenge Fujian Med Univ Dept Orthoped Union Hosp Fuzhou Peoples R China

Objective To examine the preoperative patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM): (1) whether cervical sagittal parameters are related to the progress of patients with CSM, and (2) whether cervical sagittal parameters can predict disease progression or prognosis in patients with CSM. Methods from 2015 to 2018, 126 preoperative patients with CSM were enrolled. The inclusion criteria included cervical lateral radiograph, flexion (f), extension (E), and some clinical function scores (visual analog score, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association, Neck Disability Index [NDI], the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Health Transition was used to evaluate the patient's disease progress. The following radiographic parameters were measured: (1) C0–C2 lordosis , (2) C2–C7 lordosis, (3) C7 slope, (4) T1 slope, (5) C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, (6) cervical tilt, (7) cranial tilt, (8) cervical curvature index (CCI), and (9) CCI change constant (CCI-CC). Of the 126 patients, 101 chose surgical treatment. We followed up for 1 year and grouped the patients with the C2–C7 Cobb angle (f) > 29°. We compared the prognosis of the surgical group and the disease progression of the nonsurgical group. Results In preoperative patients with CSM, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association was positively correlated with cervical tilt (E), cervical tilt (range of motion), and CCI (range of motion). The larger CCI-CC is the only independent risk factor for the NDI increase. High C2-7f, low cervical tilt, and low cervical tilt (f) values are independent predictors of high Health Transition scores. Whether in the surgical group or the nonsurgical group, the recovery of patients with C2-7f > 29° was better than that of patients with C2-7f ≤ 29°. Conclusion In preoperative patients with CSM, the larger CCI-CC is the only independent risk factor for the NDI increase. When the patient has a C2–C7 Cobb angle (f) > 29°, the patient's condition

关键词： CCI change constant Cervical parameters Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) HT mJOA NDI BMI Body mass index CCI Cervical curvature index CCI-CC CCI change constant CSM Cervical spondylotic myelopathy E Extension f flexion HT Health Transition ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient MCS Mental Component Summary scale mJOA Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association NDI Neck Disability Index PCS Physical Component Summary scale PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ROC Receiver operating characteristic ROM Range of motion Sf-36 The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey SVA Sagittal vertical axis VAS Visual analog score

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The α2,3-selective potentiators of GABAA receptors, KRM-II-81 and MP-III-80, produce anxiolytic-like effects and block chemotherapy-induced hyperalgesia in mice without tolerance development

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PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 2020年 196卷 172996页

作者： Biggerstaff, A. Kivell, B. Smith, J. L. Mian, Md Y. Golani, L. K. Rashid, f. Sharmin, D. Knutson, D. E. Cerne, R. Cook, J. M. Witkin, J. M. Victoria Univ Wellington Ctr Biodiscovery Sch Biol Sci Wellington New Zealand Peyton Manning Hosp Children Lab Antiepilept Drug Discovery Ascension St Vincent Indianapolis IN USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Chem & Biochem Milwaukee WI 53201 USA Univ Ljubljana Fac Med Inst Pathophysiol Zaloska Cesta 4 Ljubljana Slovenia Ascension St Vincent Hosp Dept Neurosci Indianapolis IN USA

Opiate analgesics are one of the treatment options for severe chronic pain, including late-stage cancer, chronic back pain and other disorders. The recent resurgence in opioid overdose has highlighted the serious need for alternative medicines for pain management. While a role for potentiators of alpha 2/3-containing GABA(A) receptors in the modulation of pain has been known for several years, advancements in this area required data from selective compounds. KRM-II-81 (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-alpha][1,4]diazepin-3- yl)oxazole) and analogs selectively potentiate GABA A receptors containing alpha 2/3 subunits and have recently been shown to attenuate pain behaviors in several acute and chronic pain models in rodents. The present study was designed to ascertain whether KRM-II-81 and the structural analog MP-III-80 (3-ethyl-5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzoWimidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin 3 yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole) would block chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel-induced pain in male, C57BL/6 mice. Both compounds significantly inhibited pain behaviors evoked by cold and tactile stimulation in paclitaxel-treated mice as did the neuropathic pain drug gabapentin. Subchronic dosing for 22 days with KRM-II-81 and MP-III-80 demonstrated enduring analgesic efficacy without tolerance development, while the effects of gabapentin showed evidence of tolerance development. KRM-II-81 and MP-III-80 also decreased marble-burying behavior in this mouse strain as did the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide. In contrast to KRM-II-81 and MP-III-80, chlordiazepoxide had motor-impairing effects at anxiolytic-like doses. The data add to the literature documenting that these selective potentiators of alpha 2/3-containing GABA(A) receptors are effective in a host of animal models used to detect novel analgesic drugs. The anxiolytic-like efficacy of these compounds fits well with the comorbidity of anxiety in patients with chronic pain and cancer.

关键词： HZ-166 HZ-166 ethyl 8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4 H -benzo[ f ]imidazo[1,5- a ][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxylate KRM-II-81 5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4 H -benzo[ f ]imidazo[1,5- a ][1,4]diazepin-3- yl)oxazole MP-III-80 3-ethyl-5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[ f ]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole

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