Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can induce acute lung injury and fibrosis and has an extremely high mortality rate. However, no effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been established. In this study, the potential efficac...
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Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can induce acute lung injury and fibrosis and has an extremely high mortality rate. However, no effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been established. In this study, the potential efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (TwHf) in alleviating PQ-induced lung injury and fibrosis was investigated in a mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to the control, PQ, PQ + TwHf1 (pretreatment before inducing poisoning), and PQ + TwHf2 (treatment after poisoning) groups. The mice in the PQ + TwHf1 group were pretreated with TwHffor 5 days before receiving one dose of PQ (120 mg/kg) and then received a daily oral gavage of the indicated dosages of TwHf until sacrifice. The mice in the PQ + TwHf2 group were treated with TwHf 2 h after PQ exposure until sacrifice. The pathological analysis and fapi PET/CT showed that treatment with TwHf attenuated lung injury. And TwHf reduced pulmonary oxidative stress, as indicated by the reduction in, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as by the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Accordingly, the Perls DAB staining showed increased iron concentrations and western blotting revealed a decreased GPX4 expression after PQ exposure, as well as the mitigation of the overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1 induced by PQ. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of TwHf as a treatment for PQ-induced lung injury and fibrosis. The protective mechanism of this medicinal herb may involve the regulation offerroptosis.
This article critically evaluates the characterisation of sedition law as colonial by analysing the arguments made by J. f. Stephen in opposing such a claim. While Stephen obfuscated the close links between the sediti...
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This article critically evaluates the characterisation of sedition law as colonial by analysing the arguments made by J. f. Stephen in opposing such a claim. While Stephen obfuscated the close links between the sedition law and the requirements of colonial governance, he made a persuasive case for how the sedition law was completely consistent with British ideas of liberty, utility, and the rule of law. Stephen's arguments about legitimate limits to political liberties, particularly his critique of J. S. Mill in this regard, offer us an opportunity to question the presumed antithesis between colonial and metropolitan jurisprudence and trace their shared origins in British political thought. To that end, with Stephen as an interlocutor, this article critically analyses themes such as the defence of empire, colonialism, and the idea of improvement within a wider set of writings by British political philosophers, to arrive at an alternative understanding of British political liberalism. My article concludes that rather than 'colonial difference', the constitutive relation between sedition law and liberal jurisprudence better explains the prevalence of similar authoritarian laws within democratic regimes across the globe.
The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/f) is the most widely used screener for ASD. Despite the comparable rate of ASD in Black and White children, the M-CHAT-R/f was validate...
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The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/f) is the most widely used screener for ASD. Despite the comparable rate of ASD in Black and White children, the M-CHAT-R/f was validated on a primarily White, Non-Hispanic sample. few studies have assessed whether the screener performs adequately with racial minorities. This study compared the M-CHAT-R/f Positive Predictive Value (PPV), for ASD, and for any developmental condition, in Black and White children. We also examined M-CHAT-R/f item-level PPV by race. The PPVs for ASD and other developmental disorders were similar in both racial groups for total score and individual items. Therefore, our findings support the use of the M-CHAT-R/f with Black and White children.
The effect of salinity on the survival, growth, development and neonate production of the cladoceran Scapholeberis mucronata (O. f. Muller) was studied by using Chlorella pyrenoidosa as feed at 1, 2, 3, 4 salinity gra...
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The effect of salinity on the survival, growth, development and neonate production of the cladoceran Scapholeberis mucronata (O. f. Muller) was studied by using Chlorella pyrenoidosa as feed at 1, 2, 3, 4 salinity gradients and control group according to the pre-experiment and median lethal concentration experiment. The acute effect of salinity on this species indicated that 4 and 4.5 was its limit superior of reproduction and survival. The survival rate and growth rate of individuals reared at 1 and 2 salinity gradients were higher than that of those reared at the other gradients. The mean size of the female adult decreased from 820 to 743 mu m when the salinity increased from 1 to 4. Among individuals reared at 1 and 2, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of population was 1.021 and 0.903, respectively;the rate of egg production was 1.281 and 1.390, respectively;the cumulative egg production was 83.2 and 106.0 and the mean life span was 16.05 and 17.30, respectively. These values of life history parameters were higher than those of individuals reared at 3. No eggs were produced by females reared at 4 during the whole experiment. furthermore, individuals reared at 1 and 2 had faster embryonic development. The above results implied that S. mucronata is relatively well adapted to low-salinity conditions (1-2). Resting egg formation and sexual reproduction did not occur at all the tested salinity gradients.
One commercial granular catalyst was investigated, including catalysts characteristics, removal efficiencies (RE) and mechanism of polychlorinated-rho-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/f) and NOx, kinetics analys...
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One commercial granular catalyst was investigated, including catalysts characteristics, removal efficiencies (RE) and mechanism of polychlorinated-rho-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/f) and NOx, kinetics analysis of PCDD/f. The high surface area (96.77 m2/g), the dominative species of V5+ (74.79%), and good redox ability and anatase-TiO2 provided the advantages on catalysis of PCDD/f. The RE of PCDD/f were high and followed 94.59% for total PCDD/f (95.43% for toxic PCDD/f)>90.57% (91.74%)>87.48% (84.98%), with decreasing operating temperature of SCR (200 degrees C, 180 degrees C and 160 degrees C, respectively), which were closely associated with the decreasing catalytic reaction rate (k). While the RE of NOx was generally low and decreased from 67.51% to 45.03% and 42.74%, respectively. The catalyst better favors the PCDf removal in higher operating temperature (200 degrees C, 180 degrees C) but PCDD removal in lower temperature (160 degrees C). Kinetics analysis revealed the k of most PCDD/fs generally decreased with the decreasing operating temperature, and the correlation coefficient (R2) with the k of PCDD, PCDf and PCDD/f were 0.91, 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of PCDD/f was 14.40 kJ/mol, and the Ea of PCDD (11.26 kJ/mol) was lower than that of PCDf (17.11 kJ/ mol).
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major causes of death due to cancer in men. Conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide locoregional status, but fall short in identifying dista...
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major causes of death due to cancer in men. Conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide locoregional status, but fall short in identifying distant metastasis. C-11 choline f-18 fluorocholine (f-18 fCH) has been shown to be useful in imaging of PCa. The present prospective study evaluates and compares the role off-18 fCH positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) with locoregional MRI and whole-body bone scintigraphy in PCa patients for initial staging and recurrence evaluation. This study included a total of 50 patients. Tc-99m skeletal scintigraphy, f-18 fCH PET-CT, and diffusion-weighted MRI of the pelvic region were performed within a span of 2–3 weeks of each other, in random order. for the primary site, core biopsy findings of the lesion were considered as gold standard. The kappa test was used to measure agreement between bone scintigraphy, f-18 fCH, and MRI. for comparing Tc-99m bone scintigraphy, f-18 fCH, and MRI, McNemar's test was applied. f-18 fCH PET-CT and MRI were able to detect primary lesion in all initial staging patients. The sensitivity and specificity off-18 fCH PET-CT versus MRI were found to be 92.8% versus 89.2% and 100 versus 80%, respectively, for the recurrence at the primary site. A total of 55 bony lesions at distant sites were detected on f-18 fCH PET-CT in comparison to 43 bone lesions on whole-body bone scintigraphy. f-18 fCH PET/CT also detected additional lung lesions in 2 patients and abdominal lymph nodes in 12 patients. f-18 fCH PET-CT could detect primary lesions, local metastasis, bone metastasis, and distant metastasis in a single study and is also a useful modality in recurrence evaluation in PCa patients.
Noise spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique to characterize the quality of gate dielectrics in MOSfETs. Trap densities are routinely extracted by fitting the 1/f part of the drain current noise spectrum...
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Noise spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique to characterize the quality of gate dielectrics in MOSfETs. Trap densities are routinely extracted by fitting the 1/f part of the drain current noise spectrum with a widely known analytical expression containing several approximations within. This paper compares this 1/f noise analytical expression with microscopic simulations, evaluates its accuracy under different scenarios, and highlights when the main assumptions fall short. It is found that the expression agrees well with non-radiative multi-phonon (NMP) models at room temperature for devices featuring a thick dielectric. However, the formula fails to correctly predict the noise of nowadays aggressively scaled devices, because it neglects trapping/detrapping with the gate electrode and the electrostatic charge scaling of the traps due to their distance from the channel.
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