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A coupled SPH-SPIM solver for fluid-structure interaction with nonlinear deformation

COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2024年 427卷

作者： Yang, Xi Liang, Guangqi Zhang, Guiyong Zhang, Zhifan Sun, Zhe Dalian Univ Technol Sch Naval Architecture State Key Lab Struct Anal Optimizat & CAE Software Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv ship & Deep Sea Explora Shanghai Peoples R China

A robust fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and smoothed point interpolation method (SPIM) is developed in this work. The fluid is solved by the stable and accurate delta+-SPH scheme. The solid is simulated by the edge-based SPIM (ESPIM) which can soften the numerical stiffness by utilizing the generalized gradient smoothing technique. The interaction between the fluid and structure is realized with the help of virtual particles and the pressure integral method. Virtual particles are pre-set inside the solid and they keep with the structure nodes. The fluid exerts external forces on the solid by integrating the pressure alongside the solid boundary segments. In this way, the fluid and solid are free to be discretized with different spatial resolutions. The fluid, solid and FSI solvers are respectively verified. In the situations of complex FSI problems like sloshing, dam-breaking and impacting, the present model performs well in predicting the fluid fields and structural deformations. The obtained results are in good agreement with the reference solutions, which proves its ability.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction delta+SPH ESPIM Nonlinear deformation Interface/free surface

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Impact of Cu Pillar Bump Diameter and Solder Material on Reflow Soldering: A Computational Study with Thermal fluid-structure interaction

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024年第2期53卷 834-855页

作者： Lee, Jing Rou Aziz, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Khor, Chu Yee Ishak, Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz Kamarudin, Roslan Ani, F. Che Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Mech Engn Engn Campus Perai 14300 Penang Malaysia Univ Malaysia Perlis Fac Mech Engn & Technol Perlis Malaysia Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Aerosp Engn Engn Campus Perai 14300 Penang Malaysia Western Digital SanDisk Storage Malaysia Sdn Bhd Batu Kawan Malaysia

This paper aims to develop a thermal fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methodology to study the effect of different Cu pillar bump diameters on thermal and mechanical performance during the reflow soldering process. The desktop reflow oven is modeled in ANSYS FLUENT, while the ball grid array (BGA) package assembly is modeled in ANSYS STATIC STRUCTURAL. The accuracy of the simulated reflow temperature profile has been verified by comparing it with the experimental temperature data, according to JEDEC standards. The temperature distributions of solder and Cu pillar bumps are compared. A parametric study has been conducted to analyze the effect of different Cu pillar diameters on the reflow soldering process. By coupling the thermal loads with the structural analysis using thermal FSI, Cu pillar bumps with a diameter of 0.20 mm are found to exhibit the lowest reflow temperature, minimum temperature difference, and minimum deformation and thermal stress, making them the most suitable interconnection joints for flip chip technology. The study also examines the effect of soldering materials on the Cu pillar bump. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the effects of varying Cu pillar diameters on the reflow soldering process, which can help in the development of more reliable electronic assemblies.

关键词： Copper pillar diameter soldering material reflow soldering process fluid-structure interaction

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The fluid-structure interaction response of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures to underwater impact

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THIN-WALLED structureS 2024年 196卷

作者： Liu, Jiayi He, Xiaolong Liu, Zhikang Cao, Xiaoming Yu, Sheng Huang, Wei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Hubei Key Lab Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Hydr Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Second Ship Design & Res Inst Wuhan 430064 Peoples R China

In this paper, the effects of the gradient form, peak pressure and decaying time on the fluid-structure interaction of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures was experimentally and numerically investigated. The specimens for this experiment were manufactured by hot-press molding method. The acrylic transparent tube was utilized to accommodate water medium, pistons and specimen during experiment. The exponential decaying shock wave was simulated by accelerating the fly plate to impact the piston based on the one-stage light gas gun system. The incident velocity of the fly plate and process of the fluid-structure interaction response were monitored by high frame rate camera. In addition, the velocity of the shock wave in water was measured by transducers installed at different measuring points. The voltage signal of the dynamic overpressure collected by transducers was amplified by the charge amplifier and recorded by the oscilloscope. On the other hand, finite element software Abaqus/Explicit was applied to simulate the cavitation process of water domain and dynamic response of specimens. The experimental results and numerical results were in good agreement. The results indicated that the increase of the thickness of the fly plate had a certain effect on the propagation velocity of the shock wave, and the increase of the peak pressure would make the cavitation generation position close to the fluid-structure interface and make the cavitation duration longer. And the average structure which has a minimum transformation of 8.12 mm shows better underwater impact resistance than the gradient structure.

关键词： Underwater impact fluid-structure interaction Re-entrant honeycomb core Shock wave Cavitation

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Arterial mechanical effects of fluid-structure interaction on a stenosed carotid blood pulsatile flow under pressure conditions of normal and hypertension

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PROGRESS IN COMPUTATIONAL fluid DYNAMICS 2025年第3期25卷 142-158页

作者： Uddin, Md. Jashim Bangalee, M. Z. I. Univ Dhaka Dept Appl Math Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Noakhali Sci & Technol Univ Dept Appl Math Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh

A preceding pathology named atherosclerosis, the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves several hemodynamic factors affecting the arterial wall endothelium cells with increasing morbidity. The fluid-structure interaction technique has been adopted for concurrently confiscating the interaction between the anatomical blood flow dynamics and the properties of wall mechanics with COMSOL multi-physics software that is employed under normal blood pressure (NBP) and high blood pressure (HBP) to detect the significant impacts on hemodynamics in a stenotic carotid artery. The present research intends to explore that von Mises stress across the artery wall has significantly increased in HBP compared to that in NBP. Results indicate that the variations of wall displacement and recirculation length occur due to the elastic model under pressure conditions. The time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and relative residence time suggest that the potential risk parameters due to atherosclerotic thrombus deposition have a sequentially reduced separation length with an increase of mechanical elastic modulus.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction FSI mechanical elasticity pressure gradient recirculation length von Mises stress wall displacement

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Blade Exit Angle Impact on Centrifugal Pump Performance: Entropy Generation and fluid-structure interaction Analysis

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ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年第4期50卷 2509-2525页

作者： Sakran, Hayder Kareem Aziz, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Khor, C. Y. Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Mech Engn Engn Campus Perai 14300 Penang Malaysia Al Muthanna Univ Fac Engn Chem Engn Dept Muthanna Iraq Univ Malaysia Perlis Fac Mech Engn & Technol Perlis Malaysia

Understanding the impact of specific design parameters is essential for enhancing pump functionality and minimizing energy consumption. Alterations in the blade exit angle impact the static pressure, relative velocity, and energy loss within the pump and associated effects on the structural behavior of the impeller. This work investigates the influence of the blade exit angle on the performance, hydraulic, and structural design of the flow passage components of the centrifugal pump. Impeller models with different exit angles (15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and 55 degrees) were simulated while keeping all other parameters constant. Computational investigations were conducted to examine the flow characteristics of a centrifugal pump with five distinct impellers using the shear stress transport k-omega turbulence model. The numerical investigation was validated with the previous study. The analysis focuses on variations in static pressure, relative velocity, and energy loss. Besides, the energy loss distribution was investigated to determine the total entropy generation (TEG) and entropy generation rate (EGR). The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) for several impeller models was used to examine the effect of the exit angle on the structural properties of the impeller. The results demonstrate that the blade exit angle significantly impacts the pump performance. An increase in blade exit angle has resulted in a rise in head and pressure. Furthermore, the structural behaviors, including the total deformation and equivalent stress, are discussed. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into enhancing energy efficiency and hydraulic design principles of centrifugal pumps.

关键词： Blade exit angle Centrifugal pump Entropy generation method fluid-structure interaction

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A comparative analysis of coronary bypass implants: Experimental and fluid-structure interaction analysis

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BIOCYBERNETICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第2期44卷 393-401页

作者： Changizi, Shirin Afrasiabian, Nima Rassoli, Aisa Fatouraee, Nasser Tafti, Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Florida Inst Technol Biomed Dept Melbourne FL USA Amirkabir Univ Technol Tehran Polytech Biomed Engn Fac Biol Fluid Mech Res Lab Tehran Iran KN Toosi Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Cardiovasc Res Inst Res Ctr Adv Technol Cardiovasc Med Tehran Iran

Bypass surgery is a commonly employed method for treating coronary artery diseases, involving the use of grafts to bypass occluded arteries. However, graft occlusion remains a concern due to mechanical disparities between the grafts and native arteries. This study aims to compare the mechanical properties of three frequently used grafts in coronary bypass surgeries: human saphenous veins, mammary arteries, and radial arteries. Stressrelaxation tests were conducted on samples obtained from these vessels, and their mechanical properties were characterized. The stress-strain curves of each sample were fitted using the quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) model, with MATLAB software used to extract the model's constants. Additionally, fluid-structure simulations were performed employing the extracted viscoelastic mechanical properties of the vessels. The analysis revealed that the saphenous vein exhibited the highest elastic coefficient (0.5247) and non-linearity coefficient (0.8135) among the studied grafts. The mammary artery demonstrated nearly seven times greater viscoelasticity compared to the other graft options. Furthermore, the examination of shear stress distribution indicated lower shear stress regions in the radial and mammary artery specimens compared to the saphenous specimens. Notably, the lower wall of the host artery exhibited the greatest oscillatory shear index (OSI), with the radial specimen displaying the highest oscillation in this region compared to the other two specimens. The mechanical characterization results presented in this study hold potential applications in pathogenic and clinical investigations of heart diseases, aiding in the development of appropriate treatment approaches.

关键词： Coronary Bypass Surgery Mechanical Properties Viscoelastic Model QLV Equation Elastic and Non-Linearity Coefficient fluid-structure interaction

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A stable and efficient semi-implicit coupling method for fluid-structure interaction problems with immersed boundaries in a hybrid CPU-GPU framework

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2025年 534卷

作者： Zeng, Yuhang Wang, Yan Yuan, Haizhuan Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Aerosp Engn Yudao St 29 Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut State Key Lab Mech & Control Aerosp Struct Yudao St 29 Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ Sch Math & Computat Sci Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Peoples R China

This paper presents a stable and efficient semi-implicit coupling immersed boundary method (IBM) for simulating fluid-structure interaction problems in a hybrid CPU-GPU framework. The method enhances numerical stability by constructing and applying implicit hydrodynamic force schemes and significantly improves computational efficiency by proposing GPU-based parallel strategies. To enhance stability performance, the hydrodynamic forces obtained by the decoupled velocity correction relationships in IBM are treated implicitly as unknowns and formulated as a function of unknown structural velocities and the predicted flow field. Both the hydrodynamic forces and the equations of structural dynamics (SD) are solved simultaneously. The entire solution procedures are realized in a hybrid CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel framework. To guarantee thread safety and minimum data transfer between CPU and GPU, the unique correspondence between computational tasks and threads is established, optimizing the overall computational performance. The accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the present method are systematically and rigorously examined by numerical simulations of a variety of rigid and deformable FSI problems in both 2D and 3D cases, providing a comprehensive understanding of its performance. It is demonstrated that the present method not only enlarges the time step by more than 50 % compared with the conventional explicit coupling method but is also suitable for FSI problems with arbitrary solid-to-fluid density ratios. Furthermore, the computational efficiency is also enhanced by 35 to 380 times. The present CPU/GPU-based semi-implicit coupling method is particularly promising in simulating both challenging rigid and deformable FSI problems, demonstrating its wide applicability.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Immersed boundary method Semi-implicit coupling Lattice Boltzmann flux solver CPU-GPU heterogeneous acceleration

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Study on the Structural Characteristics of Bulb Tubular Pumps Based on fluid-structure interaction

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PROCESSES 2024年第8期12卷

作者： Wang, Wenjie Li, Jingyu Wu, Chunhui Pei, Ji Luo, Can Hu, Bo Jiangsu Univ Res Ctr Fluid Machinery Engn & Technol Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Power China Guiyang Engn Corp Ltd Guiyang 550081 Peoples R China Gen Irrigat Canal Management Off Jiangsu Prov Huaian 223001 Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Engn Res Ctr High Efficiency & Energy Saving Large Yangzhou 225009 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Energy & Power Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

As a special type of through-flow device, bulb turbine pumps have been widely used in the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project due to their compact structure, flexible installation process, easy maintenance, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. Therefore, structural improvements to enhance their safety and stability through fluid-structure interaction analysis have significant engineering value. This paper conducts static and transient fluid-structure interaction analyses of the bulb turbine pump structure. The results show that the rotor structure experiences the greatest deformation under low-flow conditions, with maximum deformation (2.13 mm) occurring at the leading edge of the impeller inlet and decreasing radially along a gradient distribution. The damping effect of water changes the mode shapes of the rotor structure, and although the vibration modes under wet conditions are similar to those in the air, the frequencies decrease to varying degrees. In transient analyses under different conditions, the total deformation of the rotor system is greater than in static analyses, showing significant regularity. Under low-flow conditions, the deformation of the pressure surface at the inlet and outlet of the blade tip is greater than that of the suction surface, with a maximum total deformation of 3.656 mm. The maximum total deformation under design flow is 3.337 mm;under high flow, it is 2.646 mm. The total deformation of the casing mainly occurs on both sides of the internal bulb body bottom support, with a maximum deformation of 2.0355 mm and an equivalent stress maximum of 44.848 MPa. The equivalent stress and total deformation distribution of the support structure are similar, located at the top support and trailing edge, with a maximum value of 22.94 MPa at the trailing edge. The research results provide technical references and theoretical foundations for the structural optimization of bulb turbine pumps.

关键词： bulb tubular pump fluid-structure interaction structural strength modal analysis

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Reflective boundary conditions coupled with the SPH method for the three-dimensional simulation of fluid-structure interaction with solid boundaries

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JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2024年第4期46卷 1-20页

作者： Filho, Carlos Alberto Dutra Fraga Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Espirito Santo Vitoria Brazil

fluid-structure interaction occurs, for example, in wave impacts against reservoir walls, coastal structures (offshore platforms in the ocean, bridge piers, and breakwaters), coastal flooding, sloshing phenomenon, tsunamis, and biomedical applications. In the three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction simulation performed by the Lagrangian (meshfree) particle methods, the fluid particles' collisions treatment against solid boundaries using a realistic reflective physical approach, replacing artificial computational techniques (which use fictitious particles and unnatural repulsive forces) is an advance in the treatment of the contours, in the continuum domain. The benchmark study of a three-dimensional dam-breaking flow over a dry bed generating a wave that impacts a tall structure-a rigid obstacle fixed inside the reservoir-using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method coupled with the reflective boundary conditions is presented in this paper. The findings showed good agreement with the previous literature data, proving the applicability of the reflective technique in the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems in three-dimensional domains.

关键词： Reflective boundary conditions SPH method fluid-structure interaction Hydrodynamics Three-dimensional domain

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Whole-heart modelling with valves in a fluid-structure interaction framework

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COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2024年 420卷

作者： Feng, Liuyang Gao, Hao Luo, Xiaoyu Univ Glasgow Sch Math & Stat Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland

Computational modelling of whole-heart function is a useful tool to study heart mechanics and haemodynamics. Many existing heart models focus on electromechanical aspect without considering physiological valves and use simplified fluid models instead. In this study we develop a four-chamber heart model featuring realistic chamber geometry, detailed valve modelling, hyperelasticity with fibre architecture and fluid-structure interaction analysis. Our model is used to investigate heart behaviours with different modelling assumptions including restricted/free valve annular dynamics, and with/without heart-pericardium interactions. Our simulation results capture the interactions between valve leaflet and surrounding flow, typical left ventricular flow vortices, typical venous and transvalvular flow waveform, and physiological heart deformations such as atrioventricular plane movement. The improvement of ventricular filling and atrial emptying at early diastole is evident with free annulus. In addition, we find that the added pericardial forces on the heart have a predominant effect on atrial wall deformation especially during atrial contraction, and further help with the atrial filling process. Most importantly, the current study provides a framework for comprehensive multi-physics whole-heart modelling considering all heart valves and fluid-structure interactions.

关键词： Whole-heart modelling Heart valves fluid-structure interaction

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