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On the role of tissue mechanics in fluid-structure interaction simulations of patient-specific aortic dissection

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 2024年第14期125卷 e7478-e7478页

作者： Schussnig, Richard Rolf-Pissarczyk, Malte Baeumler, Kathrin Fries, Thomas-Peter Holzapfel, Gerhard A. Kronbichler, Martin Univ Augsburg High Performance Sci Comp Bavaria Germany Graz Univ Technol Inst Elect A-8010 Styria Austria Stanford Univ Dept Radiol Stanford CA USA Univ Technol Inst Struct Anal Styria Austria Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Struct Engn N-7052 Trondheim Norway Ruhr Univ Bochum Appl Numer North Rhine Westphalia Bochum Germany

Modeling an aortic dissection represents a particular challenge from a numerical perspective, especially when it comes to the interaction between solid (aortic wall) and liquid (blood flow). The complexity of patient-specific simulations requires a variety of parameters, modeling assumptions and simplifications that currently hinder their routine use in clinical settings. We present a numerical framework that captures, among other things, the layer-specific anisotropic properties of the aortic wall, the non-Newtonian behavior of blood, patient-specific geometry, and patient-specific flow conditions. We compare hemodynamic indicators and stress measurements in simulations with increasingly complex material models for the vessel tissue ranging from rigid walls to anisotropic hyperelastic materials. We find that for the present geometry and boundary conditions, rigid wall simulations produce different results than fluid-structure interaction simulations. Considering anisotropic fiber contributions in the tissue model, stress measurements in the aortic wall differ, but shear stress-based biomarkers are less affected. In summary, the increasing complexity of the tissue model enables capturing more details. However, an extensive parameter set is also required. Since the simulation results depend on these modeling choices, variations can lead to different recommendations in clinical applications.

关键词： anisotropy aortic dissection computational medicine fluid-structure interaction hemodynamics patient-specific vascular flow

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Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction simulation of the Wheatley aortic valve

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第2期40卷 e3792-e3792页

作者： Oliveira, Hugo L. Buscaglia, Gustavo C. Paz, Rodrigo R. Del Pin, Facundo Cuminato, Jose A. Kerr, Monica Mckee, Sean Stewart, Iain W. Wheatley, David J. Univ Sao Paulo Campus Sao Carlos Inst Ciencias Matemat & Computacao ICMC Ave Trabalhador Sao-Carlense Sao Carlos Brazil ANSYS Inc Livermore CA USA Natl Council Sci & Tech Res IMIT CONICET Resistencia Argentina Univ Strathclyde Dept Biomed Engn Glasgow City Scotland Univ Strathclyde Dept Math & Stat Glasgow Scotland Univ Sao Paulo Campus Sao Carlos Caixa Postal 668 BR-13566590 Sao Carlos SP Brazil ANSYS Inc USA CONICET ARG 7374 Las Positas Rd Livermore CA 94551 USA

Valvular heart diseases (such as stenosis and regurgitation) are recognized as a rapidly growing cause of global deaths and major contributors to disability. The most effective treatment for these pathologies is the replacement of the natural valve with a prosthetic one. Our work considers an innovative design for prosthetic aortic valves that combines the reliability and durability of artificial valves with the flexibility of tissue valves. It consists of a rigid support and three polymer leaflets which can be cut from an extruded flat sheet, and is referred to hereafter as the Wheatley aortic valve (WAV). As a first step towards the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the WAV, we report here on the implementation of a numerical model built with the ICFD multi-physics solver of the LS-DYNA software. The model is calibrated and validated using data from a basic pulsatile-flow experiment in a water-filled straight tube. Sensitivity to model parameters (contact parameters, mesh size, etc.) and to design parameters (height, material constants) is studied. The numerical data allow us to describe the leaflet motion and the liquid flow in great detail, and to investigate the possible failure modes in cases of unfavorable operational conditions (in particular, if the leaflet height is inadequate). In future work the numerical model developed here will be used to assess the thrombogenic properties of the valve under physiological conditions. In this study, we propose a Finite Element Model that represents the mechanical behaviour of the Wheatley aortic valve in operational conditions. The model takes into account the large amplitude of the displacements and uses strong fluid-structure interaction techniques to solve the coupled governing equations. Non-linear surface-to-surface contact models are also considered in order to assure good operation in the diastolic regime. The results show the proposed numerical model is able to reproduce the experimentally observed da

关键词： artificial heart valve finite element method fluid-structure interaction geometric nonlinearity

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TurbineNet/FEM: Revolutionizing fluid-structure interaction analysis for efficient harvesting of tidal energy

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2024年 321卷

作者： Xu, Jian Wang, Longyan Yuan, Jianping Fu, Yanxia Wang, Zilu Zhang, Bowen Luo, Zhaohui Tan, Andy C. C. Zhan, Haifei Jiangsu Univ Natl Res Ctr Pumps Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Tunku Abdul Rahman LKC Fac Engn & Sci Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia Queensland Univ Technol Sch Mech Med & Proc Engn Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia

Horizontal axis tidal turbines (HATT) are promising candidates for hydroelectric power extraction in coastal urban applications. Currently, concerns around the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) performance of turbines limit their industrial deployment while an efficient FSI prediction model can mitigate these concepts. In this paper, we present an innovative predictive model, TurbineNet, designed to accurately forecast the FSI characteristics of diverse composite tidal turbine blade structures, thereby facilitating its performance optimization. The TurbineNet model utilizes blade mesh information as input to predict HATT performance through a neural network framework. By integrating mesh convolution and fully connected layers, the model delineates the hydrodynamic behavior of deformed blades which then couples with the finite element method (FEM) for a comprehensive dynamic FSI analysis of composite material blades. Through the generation and training of a database of deformed blades, the new TurbineNet/FEM model is capable of precisely predicting the hydrodynamic performance under various structural parameters. This approach significantly streamlines the computational process associated with traditional FSI models, reducing prediction times by nearly 18 times compared to static FSI calculations using established platforms like Ansys Workbench, while maintaining high accuracy. Based on the innovative TurbineNet/FEM model, we analyzed the FSI characteristics of three different web structures. The incorporation of web structures can substantially reduce local stress and enhance the structural stability of the blades, thus preventing vibrations. Our high-efficiency predictive FSI tool and results can aid HATTs in increasing their much-needed contribution to stability optimization design. It has the potential to significantly optimize energy conversion in tidal turbines by refining blade designs to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of tidal currents into electrical

关键词： Horizontal axis tidal turbine (HATT) Mesh convolution fluid-structure interaction Deep learning Neural Network

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Initialization Algorithms of a Rigid-Flexible Coupling fluid-structure interaction System by Considering Length-and-Area Constraints

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WATER 2024年第22期16卷 3265页

作者： Fang, Le Zhou, Ziyu Huang, Xingrong Li, Zhe Beihang Univ Ecole Cent Pekin Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Nantes Univ Ecole Cent Nantes CNRS LHEEAUMR 6598 F-44000 Nantes France

Rigid-flexible coupling fluid-structure interaction systems are expected to be future solutions for reducing energy lost in water. The dynamics of these systems is usually investigated via numerical simulations. However, in existing numerical works there is no accurate algorithm for the initialization of the flexible filament, which ensures both the length and area constraints, leading to inaccurate results or even severe numerical instabilities. We propose two alternative initialization algorithms, respectively, the "Trapezoidal arrangement" and the "Quartic curve arrangement". The performances of both of these two algorithms are investigated in numerical simulations by using the immersed boundary method. The motion responses and force characteristics of the flexible filament are analyzed carefully, verifying the capability of the proposed algorithms. Specifically, "Quartic curve arrangement" is further recommended due to its good property of convergence.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction initialization algorithm energy harvest immersed boundary method flexible filament

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Eulerian finite volume method using Lagrangian markers with reference map for incompressible fluid-structure interaction problems

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COMPUTERS & fluidS 2024年 274卷

作者： Nishiguchi, Koji Shimada, Tokimasa Peco, Christian Kondo, Keito Okazawa, Shigenobu Tsubokura, Makoto Nagoya Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Nagoya Japan RIKEN Ctr Computat Sci Kobe Japan Penn State Univ Engn Sci & Mech University Pk PA USA Univ Yamanashi Fac Engn Div Mech Engn Kofu Japan Kobe Univ Grad Sch Syst Informat Dept Computat Sci Kobe Japan

We propose a monolithic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method that presents the advantages of both the reference map technique (RMT) and the Lagrangian Markers approach on a unified, cell-centered finite volume Eulerian framework. Full Eulerian methods that use a Cartesian mesh are attractive for FSI problems that require large-scale computing and involve complex geometries and large solid deformations. However, conventional full Eulerian methods use the velocity gradient to evaluate solid deformations, hence they suffer from numerical instability caused by the discontinuity of the velocity gradient near the interface. In this work, we develop a novel algorithm that interpolates and transfers a reference mapping information field between a collection of Lagrangian Markers and a Eulerian finite volume framework. As a result of integrating these approaches, our method is able to (1) evaluate solid deformations without computing the velocity gradient in the Eulerian framework thanks to RMT, and (2) remove the numerical dissipation of interfaces and internal variables caused by advection in the full Eulerian RMT, thanks to the use of the Lagrangian Markers to compute the constitutive equations. We illustrate with numerical examples that the proposed method preserves geometrical features and yields more accurate results for the deformation and energy than conventional Eulerian FSI method and the full Eulerian RMT.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Monolithic coupling Eulerian formulation Collocated finite volume method Lagrangian Markers Reference map technique

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Topology optimization for stationary fluid-structure interaction problems with turbulent flow via sequential integer linear programming and smooth explicit boundaries

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 2024年 190卷

作者： Siqueira, Lucas O. Cortez, Romulo L. Sivapuram, Raghavendra Ranjbarzadeh, Shahin Gioria, Rafael dos S. Silva, Emilio C. N. Picelli, Renato Univ Sao Paulo Dept Mechatron & Mech Syst Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Calif San Diego Struct Engn Dept San Diego CA USA Univ Sao Paulo Dept Min & Petr Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Topology optimization methods face serious challenges when applied to structural design with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) loads, especially for high Reynolds fluid flow, i.e., considering turbulence. In this problem, the information at the fluid-structure interface is crucial for the modeling and convergence of the turbulent fluid flow analysis. This paper devises a new explicit boundary method that generates two- and three-dimensional smooth surfaces to be used in topology optimization with binary {0,1} design variables. A phase-field function is obtained after nodal spatial filtering of the design variables. The 0.5 isoline defines a smooth surface to construct the topology. The FSI problem can then be modeled with accurate physics and explicitly defined regions. The Finite Element Method is used to solve the fluid and structural domains. This is the first work to consider a turbulent flow in the fluid-structure topology optimization framework. The fluid flow is solved considering the �� - �� turbulence model including standard wall functions at the fluid and fluid-structure boundaries. The structure is considered to be linearly elastic. Semi-automatic differentiation is employed to compute sensitivities and the optimization problem is solved via sequential integer linear programming. Results show that the proposed methodology is able to provide structural designs with smooth boundaries considering loads from low and high Reynolds flow.

关键词： Topology optimization fluid-structure interaction Integer linear programming Turbulence High Reynolds flow

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Mechanical response analysis of the wide-chord hollow fan blade considering the fluid-structure interaction

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FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH 2024年 11卷

作者： Zhang, Xinzhe Wang, Xian Li, Guoju Zhang, Yamin Zhang, Guojie Zhengzhou Univ Aeronaut Sch Aerosp Engn Zhengzhou Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Aeronaut Henan Key Lab Gen Aviat Technol Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sch Mech & Power Engn Zhengzhou Peoples R China

The aero-engine wide-chord hollow fan blade with a cavity stiffener structure can effectively reduce the weight and greatly increase the rotational speed. However, during the high-speed rotation process of the hollow fan, there is a strong coupling effect between the solid domain of the blade and the incoming air. This effect leads to a certain deformation of the rotor blade, which has a large impact on the structural strength of the blade. Aiming at the problem of the fluid-structure interaction in its operation, the finite-element method was used to simulate the two-layer structure of the TC4 titanium alloy wide-chord hollow fan blade. The centrifugal force and fluid-structure coupling effect were considered when carrying out the research on the structural mechanical characteristics of the blade. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the blade considering the fluid-structure coupling effect is 508 MPa at the rotational speed of 2,900 r/min, which is approximately 18% higher than the maximum stress when only the centrifugal force is considered. This phenomenon indicates that the effect of aerodynamic force on the blade stress cannot be ignored. The stress concentration area of the blade is located in the third stiffener from the leading edge and near the root of the blade, and the aerodynamic force has a more significant effect on the radial stress distribution of the blade. Further analysis of the equivalent stress distribution along the blade tip direction shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The maximum equivalent stress appears at a distance of 30 mm up to the bottom of the stiffener.

关键词： hollow fan blade cavity stiffener fluid-structure interaction blade stress numerical simulation

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A monolithic fluid-structure interaction approach using mixed LSFEM with high-order time integration

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COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2024年 423卷

作者： Averweg, Solveigh Schwarz, Alexander Schwarz, Carina Schroeder, Joerg Univ Duisburg Essen Inst Mech Fak Ingenieurwissenschaften Abtl Bauwissenschaften Univ Str 15 D-45141 Essen Germany

This contribution deals with the solution of a new monolithically coupled fluid-structure interaction approach using mixed least -squares (LS) stress-velocity (SV) formulations with implicit time discretization schemes and adaptive time stepping. The variational approach for the fluid is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Arbitrary-Lagrangian- Eulerian (ALE) description to consider a deforming fluid domain. For the deformation of the fluid background mesh, a pseudo -material with linear elastic behavior and local hardening using mesh-Jacobian-based stiffening is presented. The proposed LS solid formulations are based on linear and hyperelastic material behavior, and are likewise expressed in terms of stresses and velocities. In combination with conforming finite element spaces in H(div) and H1 for the spatial discretization of the unknowns, an inherent fulfillment of the coupling conditions in FSI problems is achieved. Time discretization is performed using SDIRK methods with different orders and the Houbolt method. Before solving the coupled problem, the accuracy of various high -order time discretizations is investigated when solving dynamic flow and solid problems with SV formulations. Two numerical examples with exact solution are used, i.e. an unsteady Taylor-Green vortex flow and a linear elastic vibrating plate, to evaluate the temporal convergence order of different schemes. The coupled LS FSI approach is tested by solving the benchmark problem, flow around a cylinder with attached flag, which is characterized by large deformations of the solid flag and hence the fluid domain. A major focus is on the investigation and comparison of embedded Runge-Kutta methods with adaptive time step control in terms of efficiency and performance.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Monolithic coupling High-order time integration incompressible Navier-Stokes equations Mixed least-squares finite elements

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Patient-Specific Bicuspid Aortic Valve Biomechanics: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Integrated fluid-structure interaction Approach

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ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021年第2期49卷 627-641页

作者： Emendi, Monica Sturla, Francesco Ghosh, Ram P. Bianchi, Matteo Piatti, Filippo Pluchinotta, Francesca R. Giese, Daniel Lombardi, Massimo Redaelli, Alberto Bluestein, Danny Politecn Milan Dept Elect Informat & Bioengn Milan Italy SUNY Stony Brook Dept Biomed Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA IRCCS Policlin San Donato 3D & Comp Simulat Lab San Donato Milanese Italy IRCCS Policlin San Donato Multimodal Cardiac Imaging Milan Italy IRCCS Policlin San Donato Dept Pediat & Adult Congenital Heart Dis San Donato Milanese Italy Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) consists of two fused cusps and represents a major risk factor for calcific valvular stenosis. Herein, a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) BAV model was developed from patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared againstin vivo4-dimensional flow MRI (4D Flow). FSI simulation compared well with 4D Flow, confirming direction and magnitude of the flow jet impinging onto the aortic wall as well as location and extension of secondary flows and vortices developing at systole: the systolic flow jet originating from an elliptical 1.6 cm(2)orifice reached a peak velocity of 252.2 cm/s, 0.6% lower than 4D Flow, progressively impinging on the ascending aorta convexity. The FSI model predicted a peak flow rate of 22.4 L/min, 6.7% higher than 4D Flow, and provided BAV leaflets mechanical and flow-induced shear stresses, not directly attainable from MRI. At systole, the ventricular side of the non-fused leaflet revealed the highest wall shear stress (WSS) average magnitude, up to 14.6 Pa along the free margin, with WSS progressively decreasing towards the belly. During diastole, the aortic side of the fused leaflet exhibited the highest diastolic maximum principal stress, up to 322 kPa within the attachment region. Systematic comparison with ground-truth non-invasive MRI can improve the computational model ability to reproduce native BAV hemodynamics and biomechanical response more realistically, and shed light on their role in BAV patients' risk for developing complications;this approach may further contribute to the validation of advanced FSI simulations designed to assess BAV biomechanics.

关键词： Bicuspid aortic valve fluid-structure interaction Patient-specific model Magnetic resonance imaging 4D flow

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Numerical investigation of abdominal aortic aneurysm hemodynamics using the reduced unified continuum formulation for vascular fluid-structure interaction

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FORCES IN MECHANICS 2022年 7卷

作者： Lan, Ingrid S. Liu, Ju Yang, Weiguang Marsden, Alison L. Stanford Univ Dept Bioengn Stanford CA 94305 USA Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Data Driven Fl Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Stanford Univ Dept Pediat Cardiol Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Inst Computat & Math Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA

We recently demonstrated the reduction of the unified continuum and variational multiscale formulation to a computationally efficient fluid-structure interaction (FSI) formulation via three modeling assumptions pertaining to the vascular wall. Similar to the coupled momentum method introduced by Figueroa et al., the resulting semi -discrete formulation yields a monolithically coupled FSI system posed in an Eulerian frame of reference with only a minor modification of the fluid boundary integral. To achieve uniform second-order temporal accuracy and user-controlled high-frequency algorithmic damping, we adopt the generalized-& alpha;method for uniform temporal discretization of the entire coupled system. In conjunction with a fully consistent, segregated predictor multi -corrector algorithm preserving the block structure of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the im-plicit solver's associated linear system, a three-level nested block preconditioner is adopted for improved rep-resentation of the Schur complement. In this work, we apply our reduced unified continuum formulation to an appropriately prestressed patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm and investigate the effects of varying spatial distributions of wall properties on hemodynamic and vascular wall quantities of interest.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Reduced unified continuum model Variational multiscale formulation Nested block preconditioner Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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