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Hemodynamic analysis of unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis based on fluid-structure interaction

COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2025年第1期28卷 25-36页

作者： Liu, Bingxin Zhao, Jiawei Chen, Xuehui Fang, Kun Yang, Weidong Zhang, Xuelan Shu, Chang Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Math & Phys Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Dept Vasc Surg Beijing Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Energy & Environm Engn Beijing Peoples R China

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) hypertension is a common type of secondary hypertension. This paper aimed to explore how unilateral renal artery stenosis (Uni-RAS) and bilateral renal artery stenosis (Bi-RAS) caused renovascular hypertension with the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. Based on a real RAS model, 20 ideal models with different stenosis degrees were established by modifying the stenosis segment. The hemodynamic parameters at different degrees of stenosis, mass flow rate (MFR), pressure drop (PD), fractional flow reserve (FFR), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT), were numerically calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The numerical results showed that RAS caused the decrease of MFR, and the increase of PD and the proportion of high OSI and high RRT. In the case of RAS, it could not be regarded as a reference indicator for causing renovascular hypertension that the value of FFR was greater than 0.9. In addition, the results of the statistical analysis indicated that Uni-RAS and Bi-RAS were statistically different for MFR, PD and the proportion of high RRT.

关键词： Uni-RAS Bi-RAS renovascular hypertension computational fluid dynamics fluid-structure interaction

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Arterial mechanical effects of fluid-structure interaction on a stenosed carotid blood pulsatile flow under pressure conditions of normal and hypertension

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PROGRESS IN COMPUTATIONAL fluid DYNAMICS 2025年第3期25卷 142-158页

作者： Uddin, Md. Jashim Bangalee, M. Z. I. Univ Dhaka Dept Appl Math Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Noakhali Sci & Technol Univ Dept Appl Math Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh

A preceding pathology named atherosclerosis, the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves several hemodynamic factors affecting the arterial wall endothelium cells with increasing morbidity. The fluid-structure interaction technique has been adopted for concurrently confiscating the interaction between the anatomical blood flow dynamics and the properties of wall mechanics with COMSOL multi-physics software that is employed under normal blood pressure (NBP) and high blood pressure (HBP) to detect the significant impacts on hemodynamics in a stenotic carotid artery. The present research intends to explore that von Mises stress across the artery wall has significantly increased in HBP compared to that in NBP. Results indicate that the variations of wall displacement and recirculation length occur due to the elastic model under pressure conditions. The time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and relative residence time suggest that the potential risk parameters due to atherosclerotic thrombus deposition have a sequentially reduced separation length with an increase of mechanical elastic modulus.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction FSI mechanical elasticity pressure gradient recirculation length von Mises stress wall displacement

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A stable and efficient semi-implicit coupling method for fluid-structure interaction problems with immersed boundaries in a hybrid CPU-GPU framework

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2025年 534卷

作者： Zeng, Yuhang Wang, Yan Yuan, Haizhuan Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Aerosp Engn Yudao St 29 Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut State Key Lab Mech & Control Aerosp Struct Yudao St 29 Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ Sch Math & Computat Sci Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Peoples R China

This paper presents a stable and efficient semi-implicit coupling immersed boundary method (IBM) for simulating fluid-structure interaction problems in a hybrid CPU-GPU framework. The method enhances numerical stability by constructing and applying implicit hydrodynamic force schemes and significantly improves computational efficiency by proposing GPU-based parallel strategies. To enhance stability performance, the hydrodynamic forces obtained by the decoupled velocity correction relationships in IBM are treated implicitly as unknowns and formulated as a function of unknown structural velocities and the predicted flow field. Both the hydrodynamic forces and the equations of structural dynamics (SD) are solved simultaneously. The entire solution procedures are realized in a hybrid CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel framework. To guarantee thread safety and minimum data transfer between CPU and GPU, the unique correspondence between computational tasks and threads is established, optimizing the overall computational performance. The accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the present method are systematically and rigorously examined by numerical simulations of a variety of rigid and deformable FSI problems in both 2D and 3D cases, providing a comprehensive understanding of its performance. It is demonstrated that the present method not only enlarges the time step by more than 50 % compared with the conventional explicit coupling method but is also suitable for FSI problems with arbitrary solid-to-fluid density ratios. Furthermore, the computational efficiency is also enhanced by 35 to 380 times. The present CPU/GPU-based semi-implicit coupling method is particularly promising in simulating both challenging rigid and deformable FSI problems, demonstrating its wide applicability.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Immersed boundary method Semi-implicit coupling Lattice Boltzmann flux solver CPU-GPU heterogeneous acceleration

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Development of a personalized fluid-structure interaction model for the aorta in human fetuses

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ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS 2025年 1-16页

作者： Wei, Zhenglun Alan Chen, Guihong Si, Biao Sun, Liqun Seed, Mike Ge, Shuping Worcester Polytech Inst Dept Biomed Engn Worcester MA 01609 USA Fourth Hosp Shijiazhuang Med Ultrasound Dept Shijiazhuang Peoples R China Univ Toronto Hosp Sick Children Dept Pediat Div Cardiol Toronto ON Canada Geisinger Med Clin Geisinger Heart & Vasc Inst Dept Pediat & Adult Congenital Cardiol 100 N Acad Ave Danville PA 17822 USA

fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling, a technique widely used to enhance imaging modalities for adult and pediatric heart diseases, has been underutilized in the context of fetal circulation because of limited data on flow conditions and material properties. Recognizing the significant impact of congenital heart diseases on the fetal aorta, our research aims to address this gap by developing and validating a personalized FSI model for the fetal aorta. Our approach involved reconstructing the anatomy and flow of the fetal aorta using fetal echocardiography and ultrasound. We developed an innovative iterative method that includes: (i) an automated process for incorporating Windkessel models at outflow boundaries when clinical data is limited because of the resolution constraints of fetal imaging, (ii) an inverse approach to estimate bulk material properties, and (iii) an FSI model for high-fidelity hemodynamic evaluation. This method is efficient, typically converging in fewer than three iterations. We analyzed four normal fetal aortas with gestational ages ranging from 23.5 to 35.5 weeks to validate our workflow. We compared results with in vivo velocity waveforms across a cardiac cycle at the aortic isthmus. Strong correlations (R > 0.95) were observed. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the stiffness of the fetal aorta increases until 30 weeks of gestation and then decreases. This study marks a first-of-its-kind effort in developing a rigorously validated, personalized flow model for fetal circulation, offering novel insights into fetal aortic development and growth.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Computational fluid dynamics Medical image processing Fetal circulation Personalized physiological modeling

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Design optimization of a valve lift limiter of compressors using a fluid-structure interaction model

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2025年

作者： Luo, Leilei Guo, Bei Zhou, Yuhang Yun, Jiaxuan Geng, Maofei Wang, Xiaolin Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China State Key Lab High End Compressor & Syst Technol Hefei Anhui Peoples R China Univ Tasmania Sch Engn & ICT Hobart Tas Australia

The valve is a critical component in compressors, significantly affecting their efficiency and reliability. The performance of the reed valve can be largely influenced by the lift limiter. However, the current methods for determining the optimal profile of the limiter lack scientific rigor, relying primarily on empirical observations and trial-and-error approaches. This study proposed an enhanced design process for the limiter profile, aiming to minimize the maximum stress on the valve while ensuring its optimal motion. A fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model was developed to predict the characteristics of the discharge valve in a reciprocating compressor. To efficiently explore the design space and identify the optimal profile, a surrogate model was established using the Kriging model, and genetic algorithm optimization was employed. Detailed comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of different profiles on valve performance, as well as the influence of different rotational speeds and discharge pressures on the optimal profile. By optimizing the profile of the limiter, the maximum stress of the valve was reduced by 24.74% compared with the initial design of 181.96 MPa, while maintaining a good motion pattern. The impact stress increased most significantly at excessively high rotational speeds, which increased by 50.9%. The increase in discharge pressure also resulted in larger impact stress. This research provides valuable insights and approaches for designing compressor valve lift limiters, contributing to enhancing compressor efficiency and reliability.

关键词： Reciprocating compressor reed valve lift limiter optimization Kriging model fluid-structure interaction

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An implicit moving-least-squares immersed boundary method for high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction simulations

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2025年 530卷

作者： Wu, Buchen Fu, Lin Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Math Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China

In this work, an implicit moving-least-squares immersed boundary method (MLS-IBM) is proposed to accurately enforce the velocity boundary condition on immersed objects. This method effectively eliminates errors induced by the inequality between the interpolation and spreading operations, while preserving the conservation of the force and torque. The instantaneous discretization errors for the velocity boundary conditions are negligible, approaching machine round-off levels, which renders the proposed method much more accurate than previous MLSIBMs. In terms of computational efficiency, the proposed implicit MLS-IBM outperforms the explicit variant MLS-IBM for stationary problems and shows comparable performance for moving- boundary problems. Additionally, the assembly of the correlation matrix in the implicit MLS-IBM is optimized to improve the computational efficiency, making it superior to previous implicit IBMs. The proposed implicit MLS-IBM integrated with the lattice Boltzmann flux solver can achieve second-order spatial accuracy through a mesh-refinement study. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed implicit MLS-IBM are validated through several complex fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems involving complex geometries, moving boundaries, and large deformations.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Immersed boundary method Moving-boundary problems Low-speed flows

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Assessment of Aortic Dissection Remodeling With Patient-Specific fluid-structure interaction Models

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2025年第3期72卷 953-964页

作者： Baeumler, Kathrin Rolf-Pissarczyk, Malte Schussnig, Richard Fries, Thomas-Peter Mistelbauer, Gabriel Pfaller, Martin R. Marsden, Alison L. Fleischmann, Dominik Holzapfel, Gerhard A. Stanford Univ Dept Radiol 3D & Quantitat Imaging Lab Stanford CA USA Graz Univ Technol Inst Biomech Graz Austria Univ Augsburg High Performance Sci Comp Augsburg Germany Graz Univ Technol Inst Struct Anal Graz Austria Stanford Univ Dept Pediat & Bioengn Stanford CA USA Stanford Univ Dept Radiol 3D & Quantitat Imaging Lab Stanford CA 94305 USA Graz Univ Technol Inst Biomech Graz Austria Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU Departmentof Struct Engn N-7034 Trondheim Norway

Aortic dissection leads to late complications due tochronic degeneration and dilatation of the false lumen. This study examines the interaction between hemodynamics and long-term remodeling of a patient's aortic dissection, tracked from pre-dissection to the chronic phase using CT angiography. fluid-structure interaction models with tissue prestress, external support, and anisotropic properties were used to analyze hemodynamic markers. Each aortic wall layer had distinct thicknesses and material properties. The boundary conditions were guided by in vitro 4D-flow MRI and the patient's blood pressure. Aortic dilatation was most significant distal to the left subclavian artery, reaching 6 cm in the chronic phase. Simulations quantified the flow jet velocity through the entry tear, which peaked at 185 cm/s in the subacute phase and decreased to 123 to 133 cm/s in the chronic phase, corresponding to an increased entry tear size. Flow jet impingement on the false lumen resulted in a localized pressure increase of 11 and 2 mmHg in the subacute and chronic phases, with wall shear stress reaching 4 Pa. These hemodynamic changes appear to be the main drivers of aortic growth and morphological changes. Despite moderate overall flap movement, in-plane displacement increased from 0.6 to 1.8 mm as disease progressed, which was associated with an overall increase in aortic diameter. Simulations with a significant reduction in flap stiffness during the subacute phase resulted in increased flap motion up to 9.5 mm. Although these results are based on a single patient, they suggest a strong relationship between hemodynamics and aortic growth.

关键词： Computational modeling Hemodynamics Lumen Arteries Biomedical monitoring Biomedical imaging Solid modeling Diseases Biomedical engineering Three-dimensional displays Aortic dissection remodeling anisotropy computational hemodynamics fluid-structure interaction patient-specific simulation pre-dissection

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Effects of impeller trimming on energy performance and fluid-structure interaction characteristics of the two-stage pump

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ENERGY 2025年 317卷

作者： Xu, Zhengxuan Zhang, Fan Zhu, Lufeng Chen, Ke Zhang, Jinfeng Hong, Qiuhong Jiangsu Univ Natl Res Ctr Pumps Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China Changzhou Inst Technol Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn Flight Coll Changzhou 213032 Jiangsu Peoples R China Kunming Jiahe Sci & Technol Co Ltd Kunming 650000 Peoples R China

In this paper, the effects of impeller trimming on the performance and fluid-structure interaction characteristics of the two-stage pump are studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. The existing impeller trimming formulas are primarily applicable to single-stage pumps. Applying these formulas to the current two- stage pump reveals that while they provide a reasonable approximation, discrepancies exist, indicating a need for greater precision. Therefore, the head trimming formula is preliminarily revised for this kind of pump. Meanwhile, according to the experimental data, a preliminary deduction indicates that the ratio between the ratio of change of each trim and the ratio of change of head is about 1.1. The variation of impeller dynamic characteristics under different trimming quantities is also studied. It was found that the prototype pump experienced the greatest pressure at 0.4Q. As the impeller is trimmed, the influence of the flow change on the pressure change in the impeller becomes smaller. The changing trend of equivalent stress with flow rate gradually flattened. Therefore, reasonable trimming of the impeller can optimize the stress of the impeller, reduce the fluid impact on the impeller when the pump is under variable flow conditions.

关键词： Two-stage pump Impeller trimming Performance fluid-structure interaction

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Numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction analysis for the performance of leaflet reimplantation with different types of artificial graft

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COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2025年 261卷 108598-108598页

作者： Wang, Qian Luo, Xinjin Qiu, Juntao Hu, Shengyi Ding, Xuechao Du, Tianming Zhang, Yanping Hou, Qianwen Zhou, Jianye Jin, Yiming Qiao, Aike Beijing Univ Technol Coll Chem & Life Sci Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Computat Intelligence & Intellige Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Fuwai Hosp Dept Cardiovasc Surg Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Fuwai Hosp State Key Lab Cardiovasc Dis Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci 1410 NE Campus Pkwy Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background and Objective: In clinical practice, valve-sparing aortic root replacement surgery primarily addresses left ventricular dysfunction in patients due to severe aortic regurgitation, but there is controversy regarding the choice of surgical technique. In order to investigate which type of valve-sparing aortic root replacement surgeries can achieve better blood flow conditions, this study examines the impact of changes in the geometric morphology of the aortic root on the hemodynamic environment through numerical simulation. Methods: An idealized model of the aortic root was established based on data obtained from clinical measurements, including using the model of the aortic root without significant lesions as the control group (Model C), while using surgical models of leaflet reimplantation with tubular graft (Model T), leaflet reimplantation with Valsalva graft (Model V), and the Florida sleeve procedure (Model F) as the experimental groups. fluid-structure interaction numerical simulations were conducted to assess the differences in blood flow between the three surgical techniques. Results: Compared to the control group, all the three experimental groups showed no abnormal blood flow patterns in the aortic root. Additionally, the distribution of high-velocity blood flow was similar to that of the control group. Due to the changes in geometric shape after surgery, the impact locations of blood on the vessel wall varied, leading to different degrees of wall shear stress concentration at the sinus-conduit junction and the aortic valve ring in the three surgical models. During the peak systolic phase, the maximum opening area of the leaflets in the three surgical models (T, V, and F) differs from that of the control model, with the disparity in aortic valve leaflet opening area being 6.42 %, 9.17 %, and 8.63 %, respectively. When comparing the leaflet closure states, it was found that the closure velocity in Model V was close to that of Model C. Conclusions:

关键词： Valve-sparing aortic root replacement Leaflet reimplantation procedure Tubular graft Valsalva graft Florida sleeve procedure fluid-structure interaction

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A brief review on partitioned semi-implicit coupling methods in computational fluid-structure interaction

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PROGRESS IN COMPUTATIONAL fluid DYNAMICS 2025年第2期25卷 109-122页

作者： He, Tao Shanghai Normal Univ Dept Civil Engn Shanghai 201418 Peoples R China

This brief review summarises the procedure and utilisation of the partitioned semi-implicit coupling methods in computational fluid-structure interaction. The semi-implicit framework enables individual fields to be computed in an explicit-implicit way that takes advantage of traditional partitioned explicit and implicit coupling schemes. Depending on the use of the Chorin-T & eacute;mam projection method, the partitioned semi-implicit coupling algorithms are classified into the projection-based (PB) and non-projection-based (NPB) schemes. We look over algorithmic implementation, technical improvement and applications of the PB and NPB schemes to draw a general outline of available researches on the semi-implicit methodology. It is also revealed that some previous partitioned methods fall into the NPB category. A new PB algorithm derived from the characteristic-based split scheme is selectively reviewed as well.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction partitioned semi-implicit coupling method projection method characteristic-based split arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian ALE

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