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An efficient temporal multiscale algorithm for simulating a long-term plaque growth problem in relation to power-law blood flows

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2025年 469卷

作者： Li, Xinyu Lin, Ping Zhao, Weifeng Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Dept Appl Math Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Univ Dundee Div Math Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland

This paper discusses the problem of non-Newtonian fluids with time multiscale characteristics, especially considering the type of power-law blood flow in a narrowed blood vessel due to plaque growth. In the vessel, the blood flow is considered as a fast-scale periodic motion, while the vessel wall grows on a slow scale. We use an auxiliary temporal periodic problem and an effective time-average equation to approximate the original problem. The approximation error is analyzed only for a largely simplified linear system, where the simple front-tracking technique is used to update the slow vessel wall growth. An effective multiscale method is then designed based on the approximation problem. The front-tracking technique also makes the implementation of the multiscale algorithm easier. Compared with the traditional direct solving process, this method shows a strong acceleration effect. Finally, we present a concrete numerical example. Through comparison, the relative error between the results of the multi-scale algorithm and the direct solving process is small, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Temporal multiscale Power law flow fluid-structure interaction Non-newtonian fluid Blood flow

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Influence of hydrostatic pressure on underwater explosion bubble-plate interaction

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APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 2025年 155卷

作者： Han, Lingxi Zhou, Lintao Mukhtar, Maria Zhang, A-Man Han, Rui Li, Shuai Harbin Engn Univ Coll Shipbuilding Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Key Lab Ship Struct Safety Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Nanhai Inst Harbin Engn Univ Sanya 572024 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Prov Key Lab Nucl Power Syst & Equipment Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

This study examines the impact of hydrostatic pressure on the dynamics of underwater explosion bubbles near a steel plate through numerical and experimental studies. We conduct underwater explosion experiments in a pressure tank, altering the air pressure within the tank using a pressure pump to change the hydrostatic pressure around the bubbles. The interaction between the bubbles and the plate is recorded with a highspeed camera, and we extract and analyze the jet velocity, bubble radius, and plate displacement as functions of hydrostatic pressure. Building on this, we design a numerical framework that encompasses hydrostatic pressures varying from 0.2 MPa to 20 MPa and dimensionless bubble-plate standoff parameters gamma from 0.6 to 2.5 for a more thorough investigation on the bubble-plate interaction. We find that both the maximum jet velocity and the maximum jet volume exhibit scaling relationships with hydrostatic pressure p(infinity) when p(infinity) > 1 MPa. Additionally, the dimensionless maximum jet volume shows a non-monotonic relationship with gamma, depending on the degree of bubble-plate interaction at the moment of jet impact. Across a certain span, the maximum plate displacement also follows a scaling relationship with p(infinity), where the exponent differs according to gamma. This work is intended to offer a foundation for the study of underwater explosion bubble dynamics and fluid-structure interaction characteristics under high hydrostatic pressure or deep water environments.

关键词： Bubble dynamics fluid-structure interaction Underwater explosion

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Numerical simulation framework of bird-inspired ornithopter in forward flight

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JOURNAL OF fluidS AND structureS 2025年 133卷

作者： Yang, Hyeon-Ho Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Eun-Hyuck Han, Jae-Hung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST Dept Aerosp Engn 291 Daehak Ro Daejeon South Korea

This study presents an efficient numerical simulation framework for analyzing the flight dynamics of bird-inspired ornithopters in forward flight. The framework integrates a modified Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) with a Multi-Flexible-Body Dynamics (MFBD) model to simulate the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) that occurs during the flapping flight. The UVLM is enhanced with a Pseudo-Leading-Edge Vortex (PLEV) model and an Adaptive Wake-Shedding (AWS) scheme to address limitations related to the leading edge vortex and spanwise wake-shedding. Additionally, the structural model of the ornithopter's flexible main wing is modeled using a modal-based reduced-order model generated through component mode synthesis. The framework is validated through wind tunnel tests on rigid and flexible wing models, demonstrating errors of <10 % in predicting mean lift and thrust forces. The ORNithopter Integrated Simulation Program (ORNISP), developed as a MATLAB App, is utilized to perform a flight dynamic simulation under free-flight conditions. The trim conditions for a forward flight of an ornithopter prototype named KRoFalcon (KAIST Robotic Falcon) are estimated. The simulation results show errors within 7 % for flight speed and angle of attack compared to flight test data. Additionally, the simulation results under free-flight and restricted degrees of freedom conditions are compared, and it shows that the flight simulation with restricted heaving and pitching can overestimate the aerodynamic forces. The proposed FSI simulation framework shows more efficient computational time than the FSI simulation using computational fluid dynamics and structural dynamics solvers, ensuring sufficient fidelity in aerodynamic force estimation.

关键词： Ornithopter Flapping-wing Flexible wing Unsteady aerodynamics fluid-structure interaction Flight dynamic simulation

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Simulating fish autonomous swimming behaviours using deep reinforcement learning based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

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BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2025年第2期20卷 026001-026001页

作者： Li, Tao Zhang, Chunze Zhang, Guibin Zhou, Qin Hou, Ji Diao, Wei Meng, Wanwan Zhang, Xujin Chongqing Jiaotong Univ Southwest Res Inst Hydraul & Water Transport Engn Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Jiaotong Univ Coll River & Ocean Engn Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Jiaotong Univ Chongqing Xike Consulting Co LTD Water Transport E Chongqing Peoples R China

The study of fish swimming behaviours and locomotion mechanisms holds significant scientific and engineering value. With the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, a new method combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with computational fluid dynamics has emerged and been applied to simulate the fish's adaptive swimming behaviour, where the complex fish behaviour is decoupled to focus on the fish's response to the hydrodynamic field, and the simulation is driven by reward-based objectives to model the fish's swimming behaviour. However, the scale of this cross-disciplinary method is directly affected by the efficiency of the DRL model. To promote it to more general application scenarios, there is a pressing need for further research on more efficient and economical network architectures to address the challenge of approximating state-value function in high-dimensional, dynamic, and uncertain environments. Building upon a previously proposed computational platform for the simulation of fish autonomous swimming behaviour, we integrated Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks(KANs) and tested their performance in point-to-point swimming and K & aacute;rm & aacute;n gait swimming environments. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared to long short-term memory Networks(LSTMs) and multilayer perceptron networks(MLPs), the introduction of KANs significantly enhanced the perception and decision-making abilities of the intelligent fish in complex fluid environments. With a smaller network scale, in the point-to-point swimming case, KANs effectively approximated the state-value function, achieving average reward improvements of up to 88.0% and 94.1% over MLPs and LSTMs networks, respectively, and increased by 766.7% and 105.6% in the K & aacute;rm & aacute;n gait swimming case. Under comparable network sizes, the intelligent fish with KANs exhibited faster learning capabilities and more stable swimming performance in complex fluid settings.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem virtual intelligent fish fluid-structure interaction immersed boundary-lattice boltzmann method

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Validation of a Microfluidic Device Prototype for Cancer Detection and Identification: Circulating Tumor Cells Classification Based on Cell Trajectory Analysis Leveraging Cell-Based Modeling and Machine Learning

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2025年第4期41卷

作者： Rejuan, Rifat Aulisa, Eugenio Li, Wei Thompson, Travis Kumar, Sanjoy Canic, Suncica Wang, Yifan Texas Tech Univ Dept Math & Stat Lubbock TX 79409 USA Texas Tech Univ Dept Chem Engn Lubbock TX USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Math Berkeley CA USA

Microfluidic devices (MDs) present a novel method for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhancing the process through targeted techniques and visual inspection. However, current approaches often yield heterogeneous CTC populations, necessitating additional processing for comprehensive analysis and phenotype identification. These procedures are often expensive, time-consuming, and need to be performed by skilled technicians. In this study, we investigate the potential of a cost-effective and efficient hyperuniform micropost MD approach for CTC classification. Our approach combines mathematical modeling of fluid-structure interactions in a simulated microfluidic channel with machine learning techniques. Specifically, we developed a cell-based modeling framework to assess CTC dynamics in erythrocyte-laden plasma flow, generating a large dataset of CTC trajectories that account for two distinct CTC phenotypes. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) were then employed to analyze the dataset and classify these phenotypes. The results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of the hyperuniform micropost MD design and analysis approach in distinguishing between different CTC phenotypes based on cell trajectory, offering a promising avenue for early cancer detection.

关键词： cell-based modeling circulating tumor cell classification fluid-structure interaction machine learning microfluidic device plasma-laden flow

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Hydrodynamic Analysis for Mangrove Forests under Wave and Current Effects Using High-Order Phase-Resolving CutFEM

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JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING 2025年第3期151卷

作者： Tsao, Wen-Huai Kees, Christopher E. Schurr, Rebecca Louisiana State Univ Coastal Ecosyst Design Studio Baton Rouge LA 70802 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

This paper presents the implementation of a high-order phase-resolving cut finite-element method (CutFEM) to simulate the hydrodynamic features within an artificial mangrove forest caused by wave and current based on the incompressible two-phase Navier-Stokes model. The key advantage of CutFEM is that the fluid phase is fully resolved around the solid phase. This enables precise replication of the free-surface deformation and hydrodynamic drag, particularly for waves strongly interacting with the intricate prop roots of mangrove trees. Additionally, the present method employs the equivalent polynomial to compute the integration on the embedded surface with Heaviside and Dirac distributions. No explicit generation of cut cell meshes, adaptive quadrature, or local refinement is required. Hence, it uses the same number of degrees of freedom as the underlying conforming Galerkin method on the fixed background mesh. The classical FEM can be upgraded since the same element assembly structures are used. This paper characterizes different components of the hydrodynamic drag induced by the mangrove forest. The reduced-order model accounts for the equivalent wave damping and is further established to replicate the wave attenuation. The numerical results and experimental measurements are compared. The results show that CutFEM is robust, accurate, and efficient for solving complex fluid-structure interactions. This research not only offers a convenient method for upgrading existing finite-element codes but also benefits practical design applications.

关键词： Finite-element Cut finite-element method (CutFEM) Level set Two-phase flows fluid-structure interaction Mangrove forest

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Simulation study on damage behavior of a shallow-buried Foundation bridge under combined action of flood scouring and heavy vehicle load

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2025年 323卷

作者： Wu, Tong Fan, Gangping Dou, Chuandong Li, Xing Dou, Chunyang Che, Jian Wang, Tianzhuo Rao, Jincheng Heilongjiang Univ Sch Civil Engn Harbin 150080 Peoples R China

Due to the insufficient burial depth of shallow-buried foundation bridges, foundation voiding easily occurs during floods or rapid water flows. When heavy vehicles pass over these partially voided bridges, the stress state of the foundation deteriorates instantaneously, causing critical components to exceed their load-bearing capacity in a short period, leading to a chain reaction that results in the rapid collapse and overall failure of the bridge structure. Previous numerical simulations of bridge water damage often neglected the strong coupling between water flow, soil, and structure during the scouring process. This paper applies a fluid-solid coupling simulation modeling method for bridge damage behavior under scouring action to study the structural damage behavior of shallow-buried foundation bridges under the combined effects of flood scouring and heavy vehicle load. This method employs point cloud reverse engineering technology to solve the difficult problem of converting the complex scour morphology around the foundation under flood scouring into a structural model, and investigates the multi-hazard damage behavior of shallow-buried foundations by coupling extreme hydraulic effects on the pier surface and placing the most unfavorable heavy vehicle loads on the bridge deck.

关键词： Shallow-buried foundation bridges Foundation voiding Point cloud reverse engineering technology fluid-structure interaction Heavy vehicle loading Flood scouring

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A semi-implicit partition algorithm for fluid-structure coupling problems based on modal force prediction-correction

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第5期38卷 277-288页

作者： Kangdi LI Zili XU Shizhi ZHAO Lu CHENG Yu FANG State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Dongfang Turbine Co.Ltd

The implicit partition algorithm used to solve fluid–structure coupling problems has high accuracy, but it requires a long computation time. In this paper, a semi-implicit fluid–structure coupling algorithm based on modal force prediction-correction is proposed to improve the computational efficiency. In the pre-processing stage, the fluid domain is assumed to be a pseudo-elastic solid and merged with the solid domain to form a holistic system, and the normalized modal information of the holistic system is calculated and stored. During the sub-step cycle, the modal superposition method is used to obtain the response of the holistic system with the predicted modal force as the load, so that the deformation of the structure and the updating of the fluid mesh can be achieved simultaneously. After solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in the fluid domain, the predicted modal force is corrected and a new sub-step cycle is started until the converged result is obtained. In this method, the computation of the fluid equations and the updating of the dynamic mesh are done implicitly, while the deformation of the structure is done *** numerical cases, vortex induced oscillation of an elastic beam and fluid–structure interaction of a final stage blade, are used to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed method achieves the same accuracy as the implicit method while the computational time is reduced. In the case of the vortex-induced oscillation problem, the computational time can be reduced to 18.6%. In the case of the final stage blade vibration, the computational time can be reduced to 53.8%.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Fast mesh deformation Semi-implicit partition algorithm Prediction-correction method Flutter

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Unveiling the dynamics of 2-DOF flow-induced vibrations and heat transfer: A comprehensive study of multi-cylinder configurations

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INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2025年 164卷

作者： Ali, Ussama Islam, Md Janajreh, Isam Fatt, Yap Yit Alam, Md Mahbub Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol Mech & Nucl Engn Dept Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Univ Engn & Technol Mech Engn Dept Lahore 54890 Pakistan Harbin Inst Technol Shenzhen Ctr Turbulence Control Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a significant concern in various engineering applications, including offshore platforms, heat exchangers, and piping systems. This study investigates the impact of different configurations of two identical circular cylinders on their FIV and heat transfer behavior. By exploring tandem (alpha = 0 degrees), staggered (alpha = 15 degrees - 60 degrees), and side-by-side (alpha = 90 degrees) arrangements, the study examines the effects of different cylinder configurations. Allowing two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) oscillations in streamwise and transverse directions, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of dynamic responses and heat transfer characteristics across a range of reduced velocities (Ur = 0-14). The tandem configuration exhibited negligible vibrations up to Ur = 6, with significant increases observed at Ur = 8 due to lock-in phenomena. The strongest interaction between the cylinders was observed at a stagger angle of 15 degrees, resulting in the highest vibration amplitude for the upstream cylinder. Vortex shedding patterns varied with cylinder configurations, where the tandem arrangement showed steady flow up to Ur = 6, transitioning to a strong 2S vortex shedding pattern at Ur = 8. Staggered configurations demonstrated complex vorticity patterns, with enhanced shear layer interactions leading to significant wake- induced vibrations, particularly at Ur = 6 and 8. Heat transfer analysis indicated that the average Nusselt number (avg Nu) increased with the cylinder vibrations, due to enhanced mixing of the flow. Peaks in avg Nu occurred around Ur = 6, with the highest rates observed at a stagger angle of 60 degrees. For the downstream cylinder, the staggered configuration at alpha = 60 degrees led to a 45.9 % reduction in the maximum transverse vibration and a 16.5 % increase in the maximum avg Nu compared to the tandem arrangement. In this work, reduced FIV and enhanced heat transfer is achieved, which is a desirable charac

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Flow-induced vibrations Streamwise and transverse oscillations Cylinder trajectory Cylinder arrangement Thermal behavior

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Forced vibrations of a FGM thin-walled cylinder under fluid loading

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ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND PHYSIK 2025年第1期76卷 1-13页

作者： Yucel, Hazel Baskent Univ Dept Comp Engn Baglica Campus TR-06790 Ankara Turkiye

Forced low-frequency vibrations of a functionally graded thin-walled cylindrical shell submerged in a compressible fluid are investigated. The problem undergoes asymptotic analysis aimed at elucidating smallest resonances. The associated explicit estimates are derived, including the formulae for the imaginary quantities corresponding to the radiation of vibration energy. The robust approximate relations for stress and displacement components are also obtained. Numerical results are presented for two particular setups demonstrating the effect of transverse inhomogeneity on the dynamic behavior of the FGM cylinder.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Functionally graded Asymptotic Thin elastic shell Resonant vibration

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