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Dynamic Responses in a Pipe Surrounded by Compacted Soil Suffering from Water Hammer with fluid-structure-Soil interactions

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WATER 2024年第18期16卷 2668页

作者： Guo, Qiang Xu, Minyao Xu, Guizhong Xu, Huiling Yancheng Polytech Coll Dept Architecture & Engn Yancheng 224005 Jiangsu Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Nanjing 210024 Peoples R China

The current literature analyzing the dynamic response of coupled pipelines neglects the crucial interplay between the pipelines themselves and these constraints. This overlooked interaction has substantial influence on the fluid-structure coupling response, particularly in scenarios involving continuous constraints. We focus on a piping system surrounded by compacted soil, which is regarded as unbounded homogeneous elastic soil that suffers from water hammer. This study established a one-dimensional model for water pipe-embedded compacted soil with fluid-structure-soil interaction. Taking fluid-structure-soil interaction into account, fluid-structure interactions (FSIs) include Poisson coupling, junction coupling emerging at the fluid-structure interface, and pipe-soil coupling (PSC) emerging at the pipe-soil interface. In this study, as soil is assumed to be a homogeneous, isotropic elastic material, the coupling responses are more complex than those of an exposed pipe, and the relevant mechanisms justify further exploration to obtain well-predicted results. To mathematically describe this system considering fluid-structure-soil interaction, the four-equation FSI model was modified to accommodate the piping system surrounded by unbounded homogeneous elastic soil, employing the finite volume method (FVM) as a means to tackle and solve the dynamic problems with FSI and PSC, which partitions the computational domain into a finite number of control volumes and discretizes governing equations within each volume. The results were validated by the experimental and numerical results. Then, dynamic FSI responses to water hammer were studied in a reservoir-pipe-reservoir physical system. The hydraulic pressure, pipe wall stress, and axial motion were discussed with respect to different parameters. With the PSC and FSI taken into account, fluid, soil, and pipe signals were obviously observed. The results revealed the structural and fluid modes. Dynamic responses have been pro

关键词： fluid-structure interaction pipe vibration pipe-soil coupling

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Experimental Validation of an FEM Model Based on Lifting Theory Applied to Propeller Design Software

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POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH 2024年第2期31卷 67-76页

作者： Grzadziela, Andrzej Kraskowski, Marek Krol, Przemyslaw Szturomski, Bogdan Kicinski, Radoslaw Polish Naval Acad Gdynia Poland Maritime Adv Res Ctr CTO SA Gdansk Poland

In the process of designing a marine propeller, hydroelasticity effects are neglected in most cases, due to the negligible influence of the blade's deformation on its hydrodynamic characteristics. However, there are cases where the impact of hydroelasticity is crucial, for example in the case of high skew-back propellers or heavy-loaded composite propellers. Furthermore, the importance of composite propellers is growing due to their wide range of application, for instance in naval ships and unmanned vehicles. Although structural models and two-way fluid-structure interactions are implemented in most commercial CFD solvers, their relevance to the design process is severely limited due to the high computational cost for a single iteration. An effective solution would therefore be to implement a two-way fluid-structure interaction model in the lifting surface software, which is commonly accepted as a design tool due to its relatively low computational time and its applicability to multi-criteria optimisation. This paper presents the results of hydrodynamic analyses of an elastic propeller carried out using in-house software based on the lifting surface flow model, and extended with the FEM model for the blade structure. The results are compared with experimental measurements and computational analyses with the commercial RANS solver STAR-CCM+.

关键词： scale model tests CFD marine propeller fluid-structure interaction

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Axisymmetric vibration of multilayered electroactive circular plates in contact with fluid

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2024年 573卷

作者： Cao, Yuze Wu, Bin Carrera, Erasmo Rudykh, Stephan Chen, Weiqiu Zhejiang Univ Dept Engn Mech & Soft Matter Res Ctr Key Lab CAD&CG Key Lab Soft Machines & Smart Devices Zhejiang Pro Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Huanjiang Lab Ctr Soft Machines & Smart Devices Zhuji 311816 Peoples R China Univ Galway Sch Math & Stat Sci Univ Rd Galway Ireland Politecn Torino MUL2 Grp Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy Univ Wisconsin Dept Mech Engn Madison WI 53706 USA Ningbo Univ Fac Mech Engn & Mech Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Engn Mech Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

Soft electroactive materials (SEAMs), which possess significant advantages over conventional hard materials, have attracted great attention in recent years. They have been widely used in automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries, where they frequently come into contact with fluid. However, few analytical studies on the SEAM structures interacting with fluid have been reported. Based on the nonlinear electroelasticity and its relevant incremental theory, this paper investigates the linearized axisymmetric vibration of SEAM plates in contact with a fluid medium and subjected to electromechanical biasing fields. The state-space method and Hankel transform technique are adopted to solve the fully coupled partial differential equations. The numerical examples of a homogeneous plate, a two-layer plate, and a functionally graded plate are considered. We find various interesting phenomena and results, such as the complex competition mechanism, the difference between dry and wet high-order modes, and the influence of electromechanical biasing fields, fluid, and material heterogeneity on the natural frequency and buckling threshold. Our numerical findings provide helpful guidance for the design of dynamic devices made of SEAMs working in a fluid environment.

关键词： Soft electroactive plate State-space method fluid-structure interaction Axisymmetric vibration Active tunability

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Analysis and Design of NdFeB N35 Permanent Magnetic Holding Device Using ANSYS Maxwell Simulation

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SENSORS AND MATERIALS 2024年第10期36卷 4193-4204页

作者： Wang, Lin Tsao, Che-Chia Hsu, Chao-Ming Yang, Cheng-Fu Lin, Ah-Der Tseng, Hsien-Wei Zhaoqing Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Zhaoqing 526061 Peoples R China Natl Kaohsiung Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Univ Kaohsiung Dept Chem & Mat Engn Kaohsiung 811 Taiwan Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Aeronaut Engn Taichung 413 Taiwan Cheng Shiu Univ Dept Mech Engn Kaohsiung 833 Taiwan Yango Univ Coll Artificial Intelligence Fuzhou 350015 Fujian Peoples R China

In this study, we investigated the integration of an NdFeB N35 permanent magnet into an electromagnetic chuck to maintain its magnetic force continuously. By energizing or de- energizing the coil wrapped around the chuck, the surface magnetic force was increased or decreased, achieving either stronger adhesion or easy detachment of the attached object, respectively. ANSYS Maxwell software was utilized to simulate the initial model, the results of which were then compared with physical measurements. Keeping the external dimensions unchanged, the yoke's dimensions were used as the parameters to analyze the effect of changes in dimensions at different positions on the electromagnetic chuck's surface adhesion force. Differences between simulated and measured results for the initial model after energizing the electromagnetic chuck were within 6%. Among the simulations with different parameters, changes in the thickness of the outer frame base and inner diameter did not significantly affect the magnetic flux on the surface of the electromagnetic chuck. Therefore, these results were not shown in this study. Alterations in the yoke's dimensions affected the relative position and size of the coil or created new magnetic flux paths. A distance of less than 1 mm between the coil and the chuck surface significantly affected the surface magnetic flux density.

关键词： stress and strain intraocular pressure (IOP) fluid-structure interaction applanation tonometry ocular biomechanics

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Extensible collective behavior of three self-propelled beams in tandem configuration

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2024年 308卷

作者： Zhang, Lei Gu, Longming Miao, Yang Jiao, Jun Wang, Ruyi Wuhan Univ Technol Green & Smart River Sea Going Ship Cruise & Yacht Wuhan 430063 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Energy Power Engn Wuhan 430063 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Green & Smart River Sea Go Wuhan 430063 Hubei Peoples R China China Special Vehicle Res Inst Jingmen 448035 Hubei Peoples R China

Although the spontaneous collective behavior of swimmers has attracted considerable attention, there has been little physical discussion of the extensibility of the collective system. This paper numerically studies the extensible collective behavior of a self-propelled beam integrated in a stable tandem two-beam system. Like the beams in the two-beam system, the inserting beam is driven by the heaving motions of its leading edge. Different cases are simulated according to different inserting positions and self-propelled motion with different phases. Two types of extensible collective configurations, the regular configuration and the compact configuration, are observed. The swimming speed, input power and propulsion efficiency of the beams are compared. It is found that the extensible collective behavior is conducive to the improvement of the propulsion performance of the whole system. Analyses of the flow-mediated interaction between the beams indicate that the vortex-locking mechanism can be used to predict the formation process and the extensible collective structure of the threebeam system. The vortex-induced hydrodynamic forces experienced by the inserting beam at different inserting positions determine the hydrodynamic behavior of the extensible collective system. It is recommended that the additional individual is inserted from the near front of the two-beam system.

关键词： Biological fluid dynamics fluid-structure interaction Propulsion Collective behavior Vortex locking

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Unsteady load alleviation on highly flexible bio-inspired wings in freestreams

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JOURNAL OF fluidS AND structureS 2024年 129卷

作者： Martinez-Sanchez, Alvaro Achirica-Villameriel, Alvaro Doue, Nicolas Ferrand, Valerie Gowree, Erwin R. Univ Toulouse ISAE SUPAERO 10 Ave Edouard Belin F-31400 Toulouse France

This study delves into the aerodynamic behaviour of a highly flexible NACA 0012 aerofoil, drawing inspiration from avian feathers to handle a gust. We first examined unsteady flow on a rigid wing both experimentally and numerically and then explored the implications of introducing wing flexibility purely numerically. Our findings underscore the potential of composite materials in alleviating the oscillating aerodynamic forces on a wing under a streamwise gust. This behaviour is attributed to its capacity to destabilize the laminar separation bubble, fostering a more stable turbulent boundary layer. While direct avian evidence remains limited, it is postulated that in nature, such mechanisms could mitigate undesired wing flapping, optimizing energy consumption in perturbed environments.

关键词： Flexible wings fluid-structure interaction Laminar separation bubble Unmanned aerial systems

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Analysis of periodic pulsating blood flow of fractional Maxwell power-law fluid in carotid artery with elastic vessel wall

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COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第13期27卷 1845-1857页

作者： Zhang, Yan Peng, Yuan Gao, Jun Bai, Yu Sun, Dezhou Sun, Xiaopeng Lv, Bingbo Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture Sch Sci Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture Beijing Key Lab Funct Mat Bldg Struct & Environm R Beijing Peoples R China Shandong Univ Dept Neurosurg Dezhou Hosp Qilu Hosp Dezhou Peoples R China

Hemodynamic analysis reveals a highly significant effect on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human vascular diseases. This article goes deeply into the periodic pulsatile blood flow in the carotid artery with an elastic vessel wall. In view of blood rheological experimental data, the constitutive equation of fractional Maxwell power-law fluid with yield stress, which can describe the four characteristics of yield stress, viscoelasticity, shear thinning, and thixotropy is established. Meanwhile, drawing support from the data of pulsatile flow, the finite Fourier series of pressure gradient with a period of 1 s has been proposed. Leading into Hooke's law can build the fluid-structure coupling boundary condition of blood flow and elastic vessel wall. The numerical solutions are got hold of finite difference method integrated with the newly developed L1-algorithm, and their convergence and stability of which are verified. The axial velocities of blood under different constitutive relationships are compared. The results throw light that other constitutive relationships underestimate the velocity of blood. Furthermore, the flow rate and wall shear stress on different fluid are calculated. It can be concluded that compared with Bingham fluid, the maximum and minimum flow rate/wall shear stress of fractional Maxwell power-law fluid with yield stress increases by 19% and 32%, respectively. The flow rate lags behind the pressure gradient and has time delay effect, on the contrary, the velocity of blood vessel wall is keeping pace with the pressure gradient. The effects of relevant physical parameters on velocity are discussed. In addition, the spatiotemporal distribution of blood flow in cerebral artery and femoral artery are analyzed.

关键词： pulsating blood flow fractional maxwell power-law constitutive elastic wall fluid-structure interaction finite differences

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Self-Assembly of Lamellae by Elastocapillarity in the Presence of Gravity: Experiments and Modeling

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2024年第2期92卷 021004页

作者： Li, Chengzhang Tawfick, Sameh Univ Illinois Grainger Coll Engn Dept Mech Sci & Engn Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol Urbana IL 61801 USA

Elastocapillarity describes the self-organization of elastic structures under liquid surface forces, for applications to micro- and nanoscale self-assembly. It has recently become evident that precise prediction of elastocapillary self-assembly is challenged by the various phenomena arising due to fluid flow. In this study, we present experiments and a corresponding reduced-order model for the dynamic coalescence of flexible lamellae arrays. Vertical arrays of elastomeric lamellae attached to a substrate at the bottom are fabricated using 3D-printed molds. The lamellae have sub-mm thickness and a few millimeters height, a size scale that cannot be achieved by traditional microfabrication. The gaps between the elastic lamellae are fi lled with liquid while the tips of the lamellae, which are at the top with respect to gravity, are initially fi xed, and then, they are released which leads to their spontaneous bending and coalescence. We study the cluster size as a function of system variables both experimentally and numerically. The solid lamellae are modeled as discrete rigid elements connected by torsional springs to the substrate, while the fluid flow uses lubrication theory and capillarity. Importantly, the model incorporates the gravitational forces to effectively capture the systems' behavior ranging from the microscale with negligible gravity effect to the macroscale where gravity significantly influences the dynamics. We further derive a linearized continuum model from our nonlinear formulation, providing an analytical universal scaling law for the lamellae cluster size. This work is relevant for new polymorphic fi ns and lamellae devices, capillary self-folding and origami.

关键词： elastocapillarity surface tension capillary effects fluid-structure interaction elastic deformation lubrication theory Bond number self-assembly dynamics

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Thermodynamically consistent hybrid computational models for fluid-particle interactions

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2024年 513卷

作者： Hong, Qi Wang, Qi Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Sch Math Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China MIIT Key Lab Math Modelling & High Performance Comp Air Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China Nanjing Normal Univ Key Lab Numer Simulat Large Scale Complex Syst Minist Educ Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Univ South Carolina Dept Math Columbia SC 29208 USA

We introduce a novel computational framework designed to explore the dynamic interactions between fluid and solid particles or structures immersed in a viscous fluid medium adhering to the generalized Onsager principle. This innovative framework harnesses the power of the phase -field -embedding method, in which each solid component, whether rigid or elastic, is characterized by a volume -preserving phase field. The unified velocity within the fluid -solid ensemble governs the movement of both solid particles and the surrounding fluid, specifically for passive particles. Active particles, however, are not only influenced by this unified velocity but are also driven by their self-propelling velocities. To capture exclusive volume interactions among particles and between particles and boundaries, we employ repulsive potential forces at a coarser scale. These forces effectively model repulsion and collision effects. Rigid particles maintain structural integrity by enforcing a zero velocity gradient tensor within their spatial domains, necessitating the introduction of a constraining stress tensor. In contrast, elastic particles are governed by a quasi -linear constitutive equation describing the elastic stress within their domains, allowing for accurate modeling of their deformations. The motion of solid particles is tracked by monitoring the dynamics of their centers of mass. This approach facilitates the development of a hybrid, thermodynamically consistent hydrodynamic model applicable to both rigid and elastic particles. To numerically solve this thermodynamically consistent model for elastic particles, we present a structure -preserving numerical algorithm. Notably, in the limit of an infinite elastic modulus, this algorithm converges to the one employed for modeling rigid particles. Finally, we substantiate the effectiveness, accuracy, and stability of our proposed scheme through a series of numerical experiments. These experiments not only validate the computati

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Hydrodynamics Rigid and elastic body Passive and active matter Phase field structure-preserving algorithm

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Flow-induced vibration and sound waves of a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder on a nonlinear elastic mount

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2025年 594卷

作者： Liu, Shuai Qu, Yegao Gao, Penglin Meng, Guang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

The paper investigates the flow-induced vibration and sound wave propagation of a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder resting on a nonlinear elastic support and subject to compressible viscous flow with Reynolds number of Re = 150 and Mach number of Ma = 0.2. An implicitly coupled fluid-structure interaction method based on an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework is adopted to predict the dynamic responses of the cylinder. Direct numerical simulations of Navier-Stokes equations are performed to resolve the unsteady flow and sound waves. A nonlinear forced synchronization phenomenon, referred to as 'lock-on', occurring between nonlinear vortex-induced vibration and rotational excitation of the cylinder is examined. Two synchronization regions are identified, the primary lock-on and the tertiary lock-on. It is found that the nonlinear elastic mount significantly affects the synchronous patterns of the cylinder by amplifying higher-order harmonic components of the vibration response of the cylinder and altering the separating bubbles in the wake. Moreover, large rotational excitation of the cylinder delays the boundary layer separation, altering the shedding vortex patterns. Asynchronization between the rotational excitation and the vibration of the cylinder modulates the sound waves, while the synchronization produces dipole sound propagation modes containing high-order harmonic wave components.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction Circular cylinder Vortex-induced vibration Rotating oscillation Nonlinear elastic support

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