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Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction simulation of the Wheatley aortic valve

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第2期40卷 e3792-e3792页

作者： Oliveira, Hugo L. Buscaglia, Gustavo C. Paz, Rodrigo R. Del Pin, Facundo Cuminato, Jose A. Kerr, Monica Mckee, Sean Stewart, Iain W. Wheatley, David J. Univ Sao Paulo Campus Sao Carlos Inst Ciencias Matemat & Computacao ICMC Ave Trabalhador Sao-Carlense Sao Carlos Brazil ANSYS Inc Livermore CA USA Natl Council Sci & Tech Res IMIT CONICET Resistencia Argentina Univ Strathclyde Dept Biomed Engn Glasgow City Scotland Univ Strathclyde Dept Math & Stat Glasgow Scotland Univ Sao Paulo Campus Sao Carlos Caixa Postal 668 BR-13566590 Sao Carlos SP Brazil ANSYS Inc USA CONICET ARG 7374 Las Positas Rd Livermore CA 94551 USA

Valvular heart diseases (such as stenosis and regurgitation) are recognized as a rapidly growing cause of global deaths and major contributors to disability. The most effective treatment for these pathologies is the replacement of the natural valve with a prosthetic one. Our work considers an innovative design for prosthetic aortic valves that combines the reliability and durability of artificial valves with the flexibility of tissue valves. It consists of a rigid support and three polymer leaflets which can be cut from an extruded flat sheet, and is referred to hereafter as the Wheatley aortic valve (WAV). As a first step towards the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the WAV, we report here on the implementation of a numerical model built with the ICFD multi-physics solver of the LS-DYNA software. The model is calibrated and validated using data from a basic pulsatile-flow experiment in a water-filled straight tube. Sensitivity to model parameters (contact parameters, mesh size, etc.) and to design parameters (height, material constants) is studied. The numerical data allow us to describe the leaflet motion and the liquid flow in great detail, and to investigate the possible failure modes in cases of unfavorable operational conditions (in particular, if the leaflet height is inadequate). In future work the numerical model developed here will be used to assess the thrombogenic properties of the valve under physiological conditions. In this study, we propose a Finite Element Model that represents the mechanical behaviour of the Wheatley aortic valve in operational conditions. The model takes into account the large amplitude of the displacements and uses strong fluid-structure interaction techniques to solve the coupled governing equations. Non-linear surface-to-surface contact models are also considered in order to assure good operation in the diastolic regime. The results show the proposed numerical model is able to reproduce the experimentally observed da

关键词： artificial heart valve finite element method fluid-structure interaction geometric nonlinearity

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Mechanical response analysis of the wide-chord hollow fan blade considering the fluid-structure interaction

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FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH 2024年 11卷

作者： Zhang, Xinzhe Wang, Xian Li, Guoju Zhang, Yamin Zhang, Guojie Zhengzhou Univ Aeronaut Sch Aerosp Engn Zhengzhou Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Aeronaut Henan Key Lab Gen Aviat Technol Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sch Mech & Power Engn Zhengzhou Peoples R China

The aero-engine wide-chord hollow fan blade with a cavity stiffener structure can effectively reduce the weight and greatly increase the rotational speed. However, during the high-speed rotation process of the hollow fan, there is a strong coupling effect between the solid domain of the blade and the incoming air. This effect leads to a certain deformation of the rotor blade, which has a large impact on the structural strength of the blade. Aiming at the problem of the fluid-structure interaction in its operation, the finite-element method was used to simulate the two-layer structure of the TC4 titanium alloy wide-chord hollow fan blade. The centrifugal force and fluid-structure coupling effect were considered when carrying out the research on the structural mechanical characteristics of the blade. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the blade considering the fluid-structure coupling effect is 508 MPa at the rotational speed of 2,900 r/min, which is approximately 18% higher than the maximum stress when only the centrifugal force is considered. This phenomenon indicates that the effect of aerodynamic force on the blade stress cannot be ignored. The stress concentration area of the blade is located in the third stiffener from the leading edge and near the root of the blade, and the aerodynamic force has a more significant effect on the radial stress distribution of the blade. Further analysis of the equivalent stress distribution along the blade tip direction shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The maximum equivalent stress appears at a distance of 30 mm up to the bottom of the stiffener.

关键词： hollow fan blade cavity stiffener fluid-structure interaction blade stress numerical simulation

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Topology optimization for stationary fluid-structure interaction problems with turbulent flow via sequential integer linear programming and smooth explicit boundaries

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 2024年 190卷

作者： Siqueira, Lucas O. Cortez, Romulo L. Sivapuram, Raghavendra Ranjbarzadeh, Shahin Gioria, Rafael dos S. Silva, Emilio C. N. Picelli, Renato Univ Sao Paulo Dept Mechatron & Mech Syst Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Calif San Diego Struct Engn Dept San Diego CA USA Univ Sao Paulo Dept Min & Petr Engn Polytech Sch Ave Prof Mello Moraes 2231 BR-05508030 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Topology optimization methods face serious challenges when applied to structural design with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) loads, especially for high Reynolds fluid flow, i.e., considering turbulence. In this problem, the information at the fluid-structure interface is crucial for the modeling and convergence of the turbulent fluid flow analysis. This paper devises a new explicit boundary method that generates two- and three-dimensional smooth surfaces to be used in topology optimization with binary {0,1} design variables. A phase-field function is obtained after nodal spatial filtering of the design variables. The 0.5 isoline defines a smooth surface to construct the topology. The FSI problem can then be modeled with accurate physics and explicitly defined regions. The Finite Element Method is used to solve the fluid and structural domains. This is the first work to consider a turbulent flow in the fluid-structure topology optimization framework. The fluid flow is solved considering the �� - �� turbulence model including standard wall functions at the fluid and fluid-structure boundaries. The structure is considered to be linearly elastic. Semi-automatic differentiation is employed to compute sensitivities and the optimization problem is solved via sequential integer linear programming. Results show that the proposed methodology is able to provide structural designs with smooth boundaries considering loads from low and high Reynolds flow.

关键词： Topology optimization fluid-structure interaction Integer linear programming Turbulence High Reynolds flow

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Patient-Specific Bicuspid Aortic Valve Biomechanics: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Integrated fluid-structure interaction Approach

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ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021年第2期49卷 627-641页

作者： Emendi, Monica Sturla, Francesco Ghosh, Ram P. Bianchi, Matteo Piatti, Filippo Pluchinotta, Francesca R. Giese, Daniel Lombardi, Massimo Redaelli, Alberto Bluestein, Danny Politecn Milan Dept Elect Informat & Bioengn Milan Italy SUNY Stony Brook Dept Biomed Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA IRCCS Policlin San Donato 3D & Comp Simulat Lab San Donato Milanese Italy IRCCS Policlin San Donato Multimodal Cardiac Imaging Milan Italy IRCCS Policlin San Donato Dept Pediat & Adult Congenital Heart Dis San Donato Milanese Italy Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) consists of two fused cusps and represents a major risk factor for calcific valvular stenosis. Herein, a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) BAV model was developed from patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared againstin vivo4-dimensional flow MRI (4D Flow). FSI simulation compared well with 4D Flow, confirming direction and magnitude of the flow jet impinging onto the aortic wall as well as location and extension of secondary flows and vortices developing at systole: the systolic flow jet originating from an elliptical 1.6 cm(2)orifice reached a peak velocity of 252.2 cm/s, 0.6% lower than 4D Flow, progressively impinging on the ascending aorta convexity. The FSI model predicted a peak flow rate of 22.4 L/min, 6.7% higher than 4D Flow, and provided BAV leaflets mechanical and flow-induced shear stresses, not directly attainable from MRI. At systole, the ventricular side of the non-fused leaflet revealed the highest wall shear stress (WSS) average magnitude, up to 14.6 Pa along the free margin, with WSS progressively decreasing towards the belly. During diastole, the aortic side of the fused leaflet exhibited the highest diastolic maximum principal stress, up to 322 kPa within the attachment region. Systematic comparison with ground-truth non-invasive MRI can improve the computational model ability to reproduce native BAV hemodynamics and biomechanical response more realistically, and shed light on their role in BAV patients' risk for developing complications;this approach may further contribute to the validation of advanced FSI simulations designed to assess BAV biomechanics.

关键词： Bicuspid aortic valve fluid-structure interaction Patient-specific model Magnetic resonance imaging 4D flow

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Topology optimization of stationary fluid-structure interaction problems considering a natural frequency constraint for vortex-induced vibrations attenuation

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FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2024年 234卷

作者： Siqueira, L. O. Silva, K. E. S. Silva, E. C. N. Picelli, R. Univ Sao Paulo Polytech Sch Dept Mechatron & Mech Syst Engn Ave Prof Mello Moraes BR-05508030 Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Polytech Sch Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Ave Prof Mello Moraes BR-05508030 Sao Paulo Brazil

Topology optimization applied to fluid-structure interaction problems is challenging because the physical phenomenon in real engineering applications is usually transient and strongly coupled. This leads to costly solutions for the forward and adjoint problems, the computational bottleneck of the topology optimization method. Thus, this paper proposes a topology optimization problem formulated in the steady state with post-processing and verification in the transient state. The objective is to design a stiff structure with lower effects of vibrations induced by the transient fluid vortices. For that, the compliance minimization problem is solved subject to a natural frequency constraint (without any volume constraint). The TOBS-GT (Topology Optimization of Binary structures with geometry trimming) method is used to solve the problem. To observe the vortex-shedding around the structure, a transient simulation is performed considering an incompressible fluid flow under a laminar regime and the structure subject to large displacements. For topology optimization, the fluid flow is at a steady state and the structure is modeled considering small displacements, i.e., a one-way coupled analysis. The finite element method is used to solve the governing equations and obtain the direct/adjoint sensitivities for the compliance and natural frequency functions. In this approach, the natural frequency of the structure is shifted away from the fluid flow vortex-shedding frequency, avoiding resonance. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can be effectively applied to design 2D structures in FSI problems with lower effects of Flow-Induced Vibration, attenuating the levels of displacement at the analyzed points of the structure.

关键词： Topology optimization fluid-structure interaction Binary design variables Vibration Vortex-shedding

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Simulation Analysis and Experimental Investigation on the fluid-structure interaction Vibration Characteristics of Aircraft Liquid-Filled Pipelines under the Superimposed Impact of External Random Vibration and Internal Pulsating Pressure

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2024年第17期14卷 8008页

作者： Zhu, Lei Chen, Chang Jiang, Yu Natl Univ Def Technol Adm & Support Dept Changsha 410073 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Intelligence Sci & Technol Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

This paper investigated the fluid-structure interaction vibration response of an aircraft liquid-filled pipeline under external random vibration and internal pulsating pressure. First, the fluid-structure interaction solution is theoretically analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the direct coupling method and the separation coupling method are compared, with the latter chosen as the simulation analysis method in this study. Second, taking the U-shaped oil pipeline of an aircraft engine as an example, simulation modeling was performed to compare and analyze the fluid-structure interaction vibration response of aircraft liquid-filled pipelines under different working conditions, obtaining the vibration response characteristics of stress danger points under various conditions. Finally, a test bench for an aircraft liquid-filling pipeline was built to explore the influence of external random vibrations with different kurtoses, different pipe wall thicknesses and different working conditions on the vibration response danger points of aircraft liquid-filling pipelines, verifying the simulation conclusions and providing a basis for aircraft liquid-filling pipeline design.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction vibration characteristics aircraft liquid-filled pipeline

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COMPUTATIONAL fluid-structure interaction SIMULATION OF HEMODYNAMICS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

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JOURNAL OF MECHANICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024年第3期24卷 2350047-2350047页

作者： Shembekar, Suraj Zodpe, Dhananjay Padole, Pramod Visvesvaraya Natl Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn Nagpur 440010 India

The objective of this study is to show how important a compliant wall technique is in simulating non-Newtonian and pulsatile blood flows in arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The three-dimensional idealized geometry is used to investigate the local hemodynamics in the end-to-side, radio-cephalic AVF using computational fluid-stricture interaction (FSI) simulation. The third-order Yeoh law is used to model the behavior of the hyperelatic vessel walls. Hemodynamic parameters such as velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), vorticity, and venous outflow rate are calculated. The results extracted for WSS on comparison of rigid and compliance wall, rigid wall WSS are 45-48.5% larger values than the compliance wall. The difference between compliance wall and rigid wall OSI is 11.5% and the rigid wall is a 10.86% decrease in compliance wall. The difference between the rigid wall AVF vorticity and the compliance wall vorticity is 18.34%, and the vorticity in the compliance wall is a 20.2% increase over the rigid wall. Maximum principle stress occurs at anastomosis (1335Pa) and 507Pa, 93Pa on vein and artery, respectively. Finally, we conclude that the artery bed and heel of AVF are prone areas of Intimal Hyperplasia. The structural result shows the tendency of the inflammation pattern of the vein required for AVF maturation. ANSYS is a highly effective commercial tool for modeling real-world problems and performing multi-physics numerical simulations.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction arteriovenous fistula computational fluid dynamics wall shear stress hemodialysis

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The fluid-structure interaction response of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures to underwater impact

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THIN-WALLED structureS 2024年 196卷

作者： Liu, Jiayi He, Xiaolong Liu, Zhikang Cao, Xiaoming Yu, Sheng Huang, Wei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Hubei Key Lab Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Hydr Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Second Ship Design & Res Inst Wuhan 430064 Peoples R China

In this paper, the effects of the gradient form, peak pressure and decaying time on the fluid-structure interaction of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures was experimentally and numerically investigated. The specimens for this experiment were manufactured by hot-press molding method. The acrylic transparent tube was utilized to accommodate water medium, pistons and specimen during experiment. The exponential decaying shock wave was simulated by accelerating the fly plate to impact the piston based on the one-stage light gas gun system. The incident velocity of the fly plate and process of the fluid-structure interaction response were monitored by high frame rate camera. In addition, the velocity of the shock wave in water was measured by transducers installed at different measuring points. The voltage signal of the dynamic overpressure collected by transducers was amplified by the charge amplifier and recorded by the oscilloscope. On the other hand, finite element software Abaqus/Explicit was applied to simulate the cavitation process of water domain and dynamic response of specimens. The experimental results and numerical results were in good agreement. The results indicated that the increase of the thickness of the fly plate had a certain effect on the propagation velocity of the shock wave, and the increase of the peak pressure would make the cavitation generation position close to the fluid-structure interface and make the cavitation duration longer. And the average structure which has a minimum transformation of 8.12 mm shows better underwater impact resistance than the gradient structure.

关键词： Underwater impact fluid-structure interaction Re-entrant honeycomb core Shock wave Cavitation

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fluid-structure interaction of flexible submerged vegetation stems and kinetic turbine blades

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COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS 2020年第5期7卷 839-848页

作者： Wang, Mingyang Avital, Eldad J. Bai, Xin Ji, Chunning Xu, Dong Williams, John J. R. Munjiza, Antonio Queen Mary Univ London Sch Engn & Mat Sci London England Tianjin Univ State Key Lab Hydraul Engn Simulat & Safety Tianjin Peoples R China Split Univ Dept Civil Engn FGAG Split Croatia

A fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methodology is presented for simulating elastic bodies embedded and/or encapsulating viscous incompressible fluid. The fluid solver is based on finite volume and the large eddy simulation approach to account for turbulent flow. The structural dynamic solver is based on the combined finite element method-discrete element method (FEM-DEM). The two solvers are tied up using an immersed boundary method (IBM) iterative algorithm to improve information transfer between the two solvers. The FSI solver is applied to submerged vegetation stems and blades of small-scale horizontal axis kinetic turbines. Both bodies are slender and of cylinder-like shape. While the stem mostly experiences a dominant drag force, the blade experiences a dominant lift force. Following verification cases of a single-stem deformation and a spinning Magnus blade in laminar flows, vegetation flexible stems and flexible rotor blades are analysed, while they are embedded in turbulent flow. It is shown that the single stem's flexibility has higher effect on the flow as compared to the rigid stem than when in a dense vegetation patch. Making a marine kinetic turbine rotor flexible has the potential of significantly reducing the power production due to undesired twisting and bending of the blades. These studies point to the importance of FSI in flow problems where there is a noticeable deflection of a cylinder-shaped body and the capability of coupling FEM-DEM with flow solver through IBM.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction FEM-DEM Immersed boundary method Submerged vegetation Kinetic turbine blades

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An embedded boundary approach for resolving the contribution of cable subsystems to fully coupled fluid-structure interaction

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 2021年第19期122卷 5409-5429页

作者： Huang, Daniel Z. Avery, Philip Farhat, Charbel Stanford Univ Inst Computat & Math Engn Huang Engn Ctr 475 Via OrtegaSuite 060 Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Dept Mech Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA

Cable subsystems characterized by long, slender, and flexible structural elements are featured in numerous engineering systems. In each of them, interaction between an individual cable and the surrounding fluid is inevitable. Such a fluid-structure interaction has received little attention in the literature, possibly due to the inherent complexity associated with fluid and structural semidiscretizations of disparate spatial dimensions. This article proposes an embedded boundary approach for filling this gap, where the dynamics of the cable are captured by a standard finite element representation of its centerline, while its geometry is represented by a discrete surface n-ary sumation (h) that is embedded in the fluid mesh. The proposed approach is built on master-slave kinematics between and n-ary sumation (h), a simple algorithm for computing the motion/deformation of n-ary sumation (h) based on the dynamic state of , and an energy-conserving method for transferring to the loads computed on n-ary sumation (h). Its effectiveness is demonstrated for two highly nonlinear applications featuring large deformations and/or motions of a cable subsystem and turbulent flows: an aerial refueling model problem, and a challenging supersonic parachute inflation problem. The proposed approach is verified using numerical data and validated using real flight data.

关键词： cable dynamics embedded boundary fluid-structure interaction immersed boundary parachute inflation

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