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Medical Diagnosis Using Adaptive Perceptive Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Hardware Realization using field programmable gate array

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS 2009年第6期33卷 447-465页

作者： Chowdhury, Shubhajit Roy Chakrabarti, Dipankar Saha, Hiranmay Jadavpur Univ Dept Elect & Telecommun Engn IC Design & Fabricat Ctr Kolkata 700032 India Om HealthNet Telemed Private Ltd Kolkata 700055 India

The paper proposes to develop a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based low cost, low power and high speed novel diagnostic system that can detect in absence of the physician the approaching critical condition of a patient at an early stage and is thus suitable for diagnosis of patients in the rural areas of developing countries where availability of physicians and availability of power is really scarce. The diagnostic system could be installed in health care centres of rural areas where patients can register themselves for periodic diagnoses and thereby detect potential health hazards at an early stage. Multiple pathophysiological parameters with different weights are involved in diagnosing a particular disease. A novel variation of particle swarm optimization called as adaptive perceptive particle swarm optimization has been proposed to determine the optimal weights of these pathophysiological parameters for a more accurate diagnosis. The FPGA based smart system has been applied for early detection of renal criticality of patients. For renal diagnosis, body mass index, glucose, urea, creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressures have been considered as pathophysiological parameters. The detection of approaching critical condition of a patient by the instrument has also been validated with the standard Cockford Gault Equation to verify whether the patient is really approaching a critical condition or not. Using Bayesian analysis on the population of 80 patients under study an accuracy of up to 97.5% in renal diagnosis has been obtained.

关键词： Medical diagnosis Criticality Adaptive perceptive particle swarm optimization field programmable gate array

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field programmable gate array BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR NON-INVASIVE ESTIMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN BLOOD USING PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2013年第3期6卷 1267-1282页

作者： Sharma, Chetan Kumar, Sachin Bhargava, Anshul Chowdhury, Shubhajit Roy IIIT Hyderabad Ctr VLSI & Embedded Syst Technol Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India

In this paper, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based embedded system has been proposed for non-invasive detection of hemoglobin in blood using photoplethysmography. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive and low-cost optical technique that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the micro-vascular bed of tissue. Our investigations revealed that volume of water present in blood considerably affects the reading of the concentration of blood hemoglobin. In our current work, the proposed device is developed with monitoring of PPG waves at three wavelengths so as to compensate for the error due to absorption of near infrared radiation (NIR) by water in the blood. The device also has been developed to be robust enough to tolerate distortions in the waveform due to motion of the subject. In order to sense the motion of the subject a 3-axis accelerometer has been used and correction is suitably applied to the sensed waveform. As a result, it is possible to measure the concentration of hemoglobin in blood while the subject is on the move.

关键词： field programmable gate array photoplethysmography non invasive estimation near infra red radiation

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A Novel 65 nm Radiation Tolerant Flash Configuration Cell Used in RTG4 field programmable gate array

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2015年第6期62卷 3072-3079页

作者： Wang, Jih-Jong Rezzak, Nadia Dsilva, Durwyn Jia, James Cai, Alex Hawley, Frank McCollum, John Hamdy, Esmat Microsemi SOC San Jose CA 95134 USA

The newly introduced radiation-tolerant flash-based FPGA, RTG4, uses a novel configuration cell design composed of a NMOS switch controlled by a totem pole p-channel flash and n-channel flash construction. Its radiation tolerance is far superior to that in the present available Flash-based FPGA. This paper describes the radiation hardening by design (RHBD) process for the new flash-based configuration cell. A subtle and unique retention issue was found and resolved through studying physical mechanisms and conducting experiments.

关键词： field programmable gate array N-flash P-flash total ionizing dose

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field programmable gate array-based Implementation of an Improved Algorithm for Objects Distance Measurement

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING 2017年第1期30卷 57-65页

作者： Zivarian, H. Soleimani, M. DoostMohammadi, M. H. Hamedan Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Hamadan Iran

In this work, the design of a low-cost, field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital hardware platform that implements image processing algorithms for real-time distance measurement is presented. Using embedded development kit (EDK) tools from Xilinx, the system is developed on a spartan3 / xc3s400, one of the common and low cost field programmable gate arrays from the Xilinx Spartan family. Latency of the hardware is less than 100 mu s in 5000 clock cycles with 50MHz maximum frequency which is way less than MATLAB software performance about 82ms. Simulation and experimental results clearly indicate the potential of the presented FGPA-based platform for realtime distance measurement of images acquired from our camera setup. Thus, this platform can be used in any system with the needs of real-time or semi real-time machine vision.

关键词： Distance measurement image processing field programmable gate array implementation machine vision

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A hybridization design of an air motor and an electric motor based on field programmable gate array controller

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2012年第C7期226卷 1778-1786页

作者： Huang, Shih-Yao Hwang, Yean-Ren Natl Cent Univ Dept Mech Engn Chong Li 32001 Taiwan

Among the elements of developing electric vehicles, the battery is usually the weakest point, as well as the most expensive component. If the battery life is too short, the frequently replacement of the battery is necessary, which will increase the overall cost. This article presents a novel hybridization design and implementation of an air motor and an electric motor which utilizes magnetic powder brake to integrate these two motors together. In this research, by the use of batteries, operation in the large discharge region can be avoided and more electric energy can be saved using an air motor as the auxiliary power. The testing results obtained using the proposed experimental platform indicate that the output current of the battery is 126 A with no air motor-assisted power, and the output current is 64 A when the pre-set switching point is 1400 r/m. These results clearly show that the current reduction is about 49%, and thus the service life of the batteries can be greatly increased. Furthermore, a prototype is built with a proportional-integral speed controller based on a field programmable gate array in order to facilitate the entire analysis of the velocity switch experiment. Through the modular methodology of field programmable gate array, the electric motor can successfully operate at the desired velocity with the proportional-integral speed controller.

关键词： Air motor electric motor field programmable gate array hybrid system

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A Novel 65 nm Radiation Tolerant Flash Configuration Cell Used in RTG4 field programmable gate array

A Novel 65 nm Radiation Tolerant Flash Configuration Cell Us...

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52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)

作者： Wang, Jih-Jong Rezzak, Nadia Dsilva, Durwyn Jia, James Cai, Alex Hawley, Frank McCollum, John Hamdy, Esmat Microsemi SOC San Jose CA 95134 USA

关键词： field programmable gate array N-flash P-flash total ionizing dose

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A field programmable gate array-Based Digital Temperature Sensor with Improved Immunity to Static Supply Shift 17

A Field Programmable Gate Array-Based Digital Temperature Se...

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17th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)

作者： Princewill, Akpojotor Ayodeji, Oluwatope Kayode, Ayodele Adesola, Aderounmu Rotimi, Adagunodo Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ife Nigeria Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ife Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957934

A digital temperature sensor is an integrated system that can sense and convert heat measurement from an analog domain to its digital equivalent. However, digital temperature sensing suffers inaccuracy as a result of shift in supply voltage. In this paper, a digital temperature sensor with an improved noise resistant technique for the reliability of digital systems is presented. The proposed method uses a dual delay-line instead of the typical approach that employs conversion and calibration technique to mitigate the effect of noise. The digital temperature sensor is realized using Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language and synthesized in Quartus II. The result is a resource efficient digital temperature sensor with a measurement error of -1.297 degrees C similar to 1.799 degrees C over a temperature range of 40 degrees C similar to 120 degrees C. A temperature sensor resistant to static supply shift of 1.8 similar to 1.5 supply voltage range, suitable for quick deployment within a field programmable gate array is achieved.

关键词： Digital Temperature Sensor Static Supply Shift Noise Resistant field programmable gate array Dual Delay-Line

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The Study on field programmable gate array based on PID Controllers in Real Time

The Study on Field Programmable Gate Array based on PID Cont...

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International Conference on Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (ICMMME 2011)

作者： He Fang Xinyu University China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037851852

In the present work PID control and the fuzzy logic based intelligent control is used to control the rectilinear plant vibrations. PID controller in real time mode is implemented on FPGA. For implementation of fuzzy logic based intelligent controller the FPGA is used as real time data acquisition (DAQ) platform and the fuzzy controller is implemented on the host PC. The sole reason for using FPGA as data acquisition platform was that the LabVIEW FPGA software module is not supporting the complex mathematics required for the fuzzy logic control and also the rectilinear plant interface with the traditional DAQ was not available. The comparative study of performance of intelligent controllers like fuzzy PD and fuzzy PI+ fuzzy PD is done with the conventional controllers on the basis of above mentioned performance indices. The result of the fuzzy PI + fuzzy PD controller is found to be the best among all.

关键词： field programmable gate array Fuzzy Control Real Time

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A field programmable gate array-Based Digital Temperature Sensor's Response to Supply Voltage Variation 4

A Field Programmable Gate Array-Based Digital Temperature Se...

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4th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO

作者： Princewill, Akpojotor Ayodeji, Oluwatope Kayode, Ayodele Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ife Nigeria Obafemi Awolowo Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ife Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989997

Digital temperature sensing sometimes suffer inaccuracy as a result of V-dd variation generating noise within a digital temperature sensor, built around ring oscillators. Thus, noise generated affects ring oscillator's frequency. In this paper, a delay-based digital temperature sensor is formulated, implemented and evaluated on a field programmable gate array Chip. The temperature sensor is realized using Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language and synthesized in Quartus II. The realized digital circuit was implemented on an Altera DE3 board with a Stratix III field programmable gate array chip. Data obtained was analysed using Least-Square interpolation method to determine the effect of voltage drop. The result is a resource efficient digital temperature sensor sensitive to variation in V-dd less than 3.3V. A measurement error of -2.3 degrees C similar to +2.1 degrees C was obtained at V-dd of 3.3V and -2.7 degrees C similar to +1.7 degrees C when V-dd equal 1.5V for a temperature range within 40 degrees C similar to 120 degrees C.

关键词： Digital Temperature Sensing Ring Oscillator Least-Square field programmable gate array Variation

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Continuous, high-speed, volumetric photoacoustic microscopy via a field programmable gate array

Continuous, high-speed, volumetric photoacoustic microscopy ...

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Conference on Photons Plus Ultrasound - Imaging and Sensing

作者： Mattison, Scott P. Shelton, Ryan L. Maxson, Ryan T. Applegate, Brian E. Texas A&M Univ Dept Biomed Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819493507

The ability to collect data in real time is important in all biological imaging modalities that aim to image dynamic processes. Photoacoustic Microscopy (PAM) is a rapidly growing biomedical imaging technique that is often used to image microvasculature and melanoma, and is capable of fully rendering three-dimensional images. However, due to the bi-polar nature of the PAM signal, post processing through demodulation is required to accurately display morphological data. Typically, demodulation requires post processing of the data, limiting its use in real-time applications. This results in many PAM systems displaying data through maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images, completely ignoring the axial dimension of their scans and throwing away useful data. We overcome this processing limit by utilizing a configurable integrated circuit known as a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA allows us to perform quadrature demodulation of the photoacoustic signal as it is being collected. The result is a PAM system capable of producing continuous, morphologically accurate B-scans and volumes at a rate limited only by the repetition rate of the laser. This allows us to generate accurately rendered volumes at the same speed as MAP images. With a 100 KHz actively q-switched laser we are able to generate 200 by 200 pixel b-scans at a rate of 500 Hz. The imaging potential of the system has been demonstrated in volumes of human hair phantoms and chick embryo vasculature. This system is capable of 50 x 50 x 50 volume stacks processed and displayed at better than video rate.

关键词： Photoacoustic Microscopy Optoacoustic Imaging Volumetric Imaging Real Time Imaging Continuous Scanning Blood Vessels Quadrature Demodulation field programmable gate array

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