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A field-circuit model enhanced with thermal-hydraulic behaviors for evaluating fault endurance and recovery of HTS power cables

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SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025年第4期38卷 045016-045016页

作者： Liang, Hanyu Sheng, Jie Zhou, Xuan Chen, Yanjun Jin, Zhijian Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China State Grid Shanghai Shinan Elect Power Supply Co Shanghai 200233 Peoples R China

The advantages of low loss and high power density in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables render them promising candidates for urban power transmission applications. Numerical simulation models, especially field-circuit coupling models, are adept at capturing the interactions between cables and power grids during transient short-circuit faults. However, a significant limitation in current research is the lack of integration of cable thermal-hydraulic behavior into these models. In finite element model models, kilometer-long cables present challenges due to their large geometric aspect ratios, and high-current short-circuit faults can further complicate computational convergence. Addressing this, this paper proposes a simulation framework that enhances field-circuit coupling models by incorporating a scaled-length thermal-hydraulic model and optimizing the E-J relationship of HTS tapes under fault conditions. This paper also investigates the fault endurance of the cable in given power grid, explores reclosing strategies based on the maximum self-recovery temperature, and evaluates load recovery capability, finding that backup overheating protection and reclosing strategies utilizing non-electrical quantities can drastically reduce the cable outage duration while boosting the equipment utilization of the cable by 99.71%.

关键词： HTS power cable field-circuit model thermal-hydraulic fault endurance recovery capability

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Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Stator and Rotor Fault Detection Using Transfer Learning and field-circuit model

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 74551-74562页

作者： Skowron, Maciej Krzysztofiak, Mateusz Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Machines Drives & Measurements PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

Currently, modern permanent magnet synchronous motor diagnostic systems based on artificial neural networks are designed to detect selected types of damage. Changing the type of failure requires the repeated training and implementation of a new neural structure. The main point in the development of new diagnostic applications is the extraction of damage symptoms, which significantly extends system implementation. Therefore, it is important to find a solution to implement universal diagnostic patterns that ensure the detection of various types of damage. Furthermore, the diagnostic application should be precise and characterized by a short reaction time to problems that occur. Such possibilities are now offered by transfer learning techniques used for deep neural networks. This article presents the concept of applying the transfer learning of a deep convolutional neural network to the diagnosis of damage to the electrical and magnetic circuits of a permanent magnet synchronous motor using the information obtained from the mathematical model. This research utilizes information derived from a mathematical model, particularly the field-circuit model of the PMSM, focusing on stator and permanent magnet failures.

关键词： Demagnetization Mathematical models Stator windings Motors circuit faults Rotors Integrated circuit modeling Finite element analysis Transfer learning Training Convolutional neural networks demagnetization field-circuit model stator winding fault transfer learning

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Direct Steady-State Calculation of Electromagnetic Devices Using field-circuit models

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ENERGIES 2023年第13期16卷 4993页

作者： Jaraczewski, Marcin Sobczyk, Tadeusz J. Warzecha, Adam Cracow Univ Technol Fac Elect & Comp Engn 24 Warszawska St PL-31155 Krakow Poland

field-circuit models are very often used to model electromagnetic devices with conductive and non-linear magnetic materials. The numerical calculations of the field in the magnetic material must be combined with an equation of an external coil placed in the magnetic circuit. This means that the partial differential equations of the electromagnetic field in non-linear conductive materials and the non-linear ordinary differential equations must be solved together. Effective algorithms for solving such problems are still being developed. The article presents an algorithm directly providing the steady state solution without the simulation of transients. The basic assumption is that the solution can be predicted as a periodic time and space function, which is represented by appropriate Fourier series. The developed algorithm uses discrete partial differential operators for time and space derivatives. It allows us to create finite difference equations directly from the field and circuit equations, which take the form of algebraic equations, generally non-linear. This is a unique approach developed by us, which till now did not exist (and is not mentioned) in the literature. That algorithm is tested on a simple case of a solenoid coil with a ferromagnetic and conductive cylindrical core, in 2D space of radius and time. The calculation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach both qualitatively, with regard to physical phenomena in ferromagnetic and conductive material, and quantitatively, in comparison with the results from specialized commercial software.

关键词： field-circuit model finite difference method discrete partial differential operators periodic steady states

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An Investigation into the Electromagnetic-ThermalHydraulic Behavior of in-Grid HTS Power Cables Utilizing field-circuit Method

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2025年第5期35卷

作者： Liang, Hanyu Zhou, Xuan Sheng, Jie Chen, Yanjun Jin, Zhijian Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China State Grid Shanghai Shinan Elect Power Supply Co Shanghai 200233 Peoples R China

For years, high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables have operated stably in grids, but their rarity of faults in demonstration projects has hindered reliability evaluations. This paper addresses this challenge by introducing the field-circuit coupling model for kilometer-long HTS cables, incorporating T-A electromagnetic and 3-D thermal-hydraulic modeling to simulate their transient behaviors during cooling system failures. The maximum fault duration and the allowable maximum maintenance time of 1.5 h and 72 h are determined, respectively. Finally, the recovery capabilities are also studied to verify the operating boundaries of in-grid cables under faults.

关键词： Computational modeling Yttrium barium copper oxide Power cables Mathematical models Copper Couplings Electromagnetics circuit faults Integrated circuit modeling Cooling HTS Power Cable Cooling System Failure Electromagnetic-Thermal field-circuit model

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Finite element models of dynamic-WPTS: a field-circuit approach

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COMPEL-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMPUTATION AND MATHEMATICS IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 2022年第4期41卷 1146-1158页

作者： Bertoluzzo, Manuele Di Barba, Paolo Forzan, Michele Mognaschi, Maria Evelina Sieni, Elisabetta Univ Padova Sch Engn Dept Ind Engn Padua Italy Univ Pavia Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn Pavia Italy Univ Padua Dept Ind Engn Padua Italy Univ Insubria Dept Theoret & Appl Sci Varese Italy

Purpose The paper aims to propose a a field-circuit method for investigating the magnetic behavior of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) for the charge of batteries of electric vehicles. In particular, a 3D model for finite element analysis (FEA) for the field simulation of a WPTS is developed. Specifically, the effects of aluminum shield and steel layer, representing the car frame, on the self and mutual inductances are investigated. An equivalent electric circuit is then built, and the relevant lumped parameters are identified by means of the FEAs. Design/methodology/approach The finite element model is used to evaluate self and mutual inductances in several transmitting-receiving coil configurations and relative positions. In particular, the FEA simulates the aluminum and steel layers as shell elements in a 3D domain. The self and mutual inductance values in the aligned coil case are also used as input parameters in a circuit model to evaluate the onload current. Findings The use of shell elements in FEA substantially reduces the number of mesh elements needed to simulate the eddy currents in the steel and aluminum layer, so putting the ground for low-cost field analysis. Moreover, the FEA gives an accurate computation of the self and mutual inductance to be used in a circuit model, which, in turn, provides a fast update of the onload induced current. Originality/value To save computational time, the use of 2D shell elements to model thin conductive regions introduces a simplified FEA that could be used in the WPTS simulation. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of WPTS, i.e. the operation when the receiving coil is moving with respect to the transmitting one, is considered. Because of the lumped parameters' dependence upon the relative positions of the two coils, the proposed method allows identifying the circuit parameters for several configurations so substantially reducing the computational burden.

关键词： Dynamic-WPTS field-circuit model Magnetic field Finite element analysis Wireless power transfer

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A Visible Human Data-Based Whole-Body model for Investigating the Transmission Attenuation of Intrabody Communication

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2022年第8期70卷 3827-3837页

作者： Wei, Ziliang Gao, Yueming Chen, Zhizhang Pun, Sio Hang Vai, Mang, I Du, Min Fuzhou Univ Coll Phys & Informat Engn Fuzhou 350108 Peoples R China Univ Macau State Key Lab Analog & Mixed Signal VLSI Macau Peoples R China

Intrabody communication (IBC) is a promising approach for realizing information transmission among various wearable or implantable devices within bodyNET. The existing IBC studies are limited to the local or abstract geometric channel model, which is limited to providing efficient channel characteristics for the various transmitting scenarios. The aim of this article is to reconstruct a whole-body model with anatomical features and combine the field-circuit model for investigating the human channel characteristics. A visible human data (VHD) is established by segmentation and 3-D reconstruction of layered tissues. The transmission attenuation was simulated and analyzed through the finite element method. In vivo experiments and phantom experiments were implemented to validate the simulation results. For the on-body communication, the transmission attenuation of the short distance was similar to the low-pass filter's amplitude-frequency characteristics. For the implantable communication, the consistency coefficient of the attenuation between in-body to on-body and on-body to in-body was higher than 98%, indicating that the body channel is bidirectional. This work provides a repeatable and verified VHD-based whole-body model for the human channel attenuation investigation. It is an essential step for the further development of IBC, such as the transceiver design and the multinodes' protocol for bodyNET.

关键词： Solid modeling Data models Biological system modeling Attenuation Electrodes Legged locomotion Phantoms field-circuit model finite element model (FEM) intrabody communication (IBC) transmission attenuation visible human data (VHD)

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A Deep Learning Approach to Improve the Control of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems

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ENERGIES 2023年第23期16卷 7865页

作者： Bertoluzzo, Manuele Di Barba, Paolo Forzan, Michele Mognaschi, Maria Evelina Sieni, Elisabetta Univ Padua Dept Ind Engn I-35131 Padua Italy Univ Pavia Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn I-27100 Pavia Italy Univ Insubria Dept Theoret & Appl Sci I-21100 Varese Italy

In this paper, an innovative approach for the fast estimation of the mutual inductance between transmitting and receiving coils for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems (DWPTSs) is implemented. To this end, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used;an image representing the geometry of two coils that are partially misaligned is the input of the CNN, while the output is the corresponding inductance value. Finite Element Analyses are used for the computation of the inductance values needed for CNN training. This way, thanks to a fast and accurate inductance estimated by the CNN, it is possible to properly manage the power converter devoted to charge the battery, avoiding the wind up of its controller when it attempts to transfer power in poor coupling conditions.

关键词： deep learning dynamic wireless power transfer system fast surrogate model optimization magnetic field finite element analysis field-circuit model

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Performance Characteristics of Single-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators with an Iron Core of Various Non-Grain Oriented Electrical Sheets

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ENERGIES 2020年第12期13卷 3166-3166页

作者： Makowski, Krzysztof Leicht, Aleksander Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Machines Drives & Measurements Fac Elect Engn PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

This paper deals with the computation of the performance characteristics of the single-phase self-excited induction generator by field-circuit method. It presents and compares previously unpublished results-self-excitation and no-load characteristics of the generator for different rotor speeds, and complete load steady-state performance characteristics for various types of the core materials. The discrepancies between the performance characteristics of the generator for the catalog's magnetization curves of different types of electrical sheets and for an actual magnetic core of the generator for self-excitation transients and load steady-state are presented. The results may be useful for designing new constructions of single-phase self-excited induction generators.

关键词： induction generator single-phase field-circuit model magnetization curves self-excitation load characteristics

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Application of Multi-Branch Cauer circuits in the Analysis of Electromagnetic Transducers Used in Wireless Transfer Power Systems

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SENSORS 2020年第7期20卷 2052-2052页

作者： Kurzawa, Milena Jedryczka, Cezary Wojciechowski, Rafal M. Poznan Univ Tech Inst Elect Engn & Elect PL-60965 Poznan Poland

In this paper, the feasibility of applying a multi-branch equivalent model employing firstand second-order Cauer circuits for the analysis of electromagnetic transducers used in systems of wireless power transfer is discussed. A method of formulating an equivalent model (EqM) is presented, and an example is shown for a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) consisting of an air transformer with field concentrators. A method is proposed to synthesize the EqM of the considered transducer based on the time-harmonic field model, an optimization algorithm employing the evolution strategy (ES) and the equivalent Cauer circuits. A comparative analysis of the performance of the considered WPTS under high-frequency voltage supply calculated using the proposed EqM and a 3D field model in the time domain using the finite element method (FEM) was carried out. The selected results of the conducted analysis are presented and discussed.

关键词： field-circuit model multi-branch equivalent circuit Cauer circuits wireless electric power transmission

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Characteristic Tests and Electromagnetic Analysis of an HTS Partial Core Transformer

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2016年第4期26卷 1-5页

作者： Hu, D. Sheng, J. Ma, J. Yao, L. Li, Z. Y. Hong, Z. Jin, Z. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

An experimental high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer has been designed and built using GdBCO HTS tapes. The transformer is unique in that the magnetic circuit is comprised of air and an iron partial core. The HTS windings and iron core were immersed in a liquid nitrogen environment. Fundamental characteristics were obtained by no-load and load tests. The transformer had a smaller exciting current compared with the HTS air core transformer, and the voltage regulation was 1.67% at full load. A lumped parameter equivalent circuit that takes the ac loss was proposed and testified by tests. A 3-D "field-circuit" coupled model built in COMSOL was used to successfully analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the transformer. The experimental results were consistent with the calculated and simulation values. The detail results will describe in this paper.

关键词： Electromagnetic characteristics equivalent circuit field-circuit model HTS loss partial core transformer

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