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Enhanced trapping properties of coupled plasmonic tweezers via plasmon-exciton interaction

OPTICS EXPRESS 2024年第13期32卷 22377-22387页

作者： Jia, Pengxue Shi, Hongyan Xue, Lulu Liu, Ran Yan, Xiaoya Sun, Xiudong Harbin Inst Technol Sch Phys Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Minist Ind & Informat Technol Key Lab Micronano Optoelect Informat Syst Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Key Lab Microopt & Photon Technol Heilongjiang Pro Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Shanxi Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Extreme Opt Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi Peoples R China

Excited plasmonic nanoantennas enable the manipulation of photons coupled with quantum emitters or the trapping of particles as plasmonic tweezers, leveraging the strong evanescent gradient fields at the nanoscale. However, the ohmic loss of metals presents a significant challenge for the stable and high -precision manipulation of nanoparticles without causing damage. In this study, we investigated the enhanced trapping properties induced by plasmon-exciton interaction for coupled plasmonic tweezers. Through the coupling between plasmons and excitons, dynamic particle trapping is achievable under low excitation power conditions of 0.45 mW, with the trapping stiffness increasing by nearly 20 times. Furthermore, the trapping stiffness can be fine-tuned by modulating the quantity of excitons to regulate the coupling strength. Coupled plasmonic tweezers offer an effective strategy to mitigate the influence of ohmic loss on trapping performance, by manipulating particles with minimal laser power. These findings provide insights into enhancing trapping performance through plasmon-exciton coupling, with potential applications in biomedicine and quantum information science. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Diffraction limit finite-difference time-domain method Information processing Quantum communications Quantum information Scanning electron microscopy

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Two-dimensional transmissive structural colorsfor high-security information encryption

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APPLIED OPTICS 2024年第5期63卷 1340-1346页

作者： Yan, Jing Guo, Jin Qu, Ke Li, Ruo-zhou Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Elect & Opt Engn Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Integrated Circuit Sci & Engn Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Natl & Local Joint Engn Lab RF Integrat & Microassembly Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

Structural colors produced from nanostructures have attracted much attention due to their promising advantagesof long-term stability and high resolution. Many nanostructures like metasurfaces have been demonstrated togenerate color information in the transmission or reflection mode. Here, a strategy of combining polarization-insensitive and polarization-sensitive transmissive structural color is proposed to realize convenient and diverseencrypted pattern designs. A two-dimensional metasurface, whose polarization characteristics are determinedby the size of a nanobrick unit, is embedded inside an optical cavity to produce transmissive structural color. Thepolarization-insensitive transmissive structural color exhibits a wide color gamut and high excitation purity inall polarization states, while the polarization-sensitive transmissive structural color maintains the similar colorappearance inx-direction polarization but appears nearly black iny-direction polarization. Combining thesetwo transmissive structural colors can achieve diverse images designed at different polarizations instead of simplyhiding the image in a specific polarization state. An image of "flower and flowerpot" using the generated colors isvisually illustrated, which shows that the proposed transmissive structural colors would have great potential in theareas of security information encryption.

关键词： Electron beam lithography finite-difference time-domain method Optical data storage Polarization control Red shift Structural color

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Design and fabrication of a Fresnel zone plate with an enhanced depth of focus

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APPLIED OPTICS 2024年第24期63卷 6384-6392页

作者： Trung, Hieu Tran Doan Nguyen, Hai Linh Vu Munnibee, Atar Kim, Young-Jin Ghim, Young-Sik Rhee, Hyug Gyo Univ Sci & Technol UST Dept Sci Measurement Daejeon 34113 South Korea Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci KRISS Phys Metrol Div Length & Dimens Metrol Grp Daejeon 34113 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST Dept Mech Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea

A Fresnel zone plate (EFZP) with an extended depth of focus can maintain focused monochromatic light at different distances compared to a general Fresnel zone plate (FZP). The focal distances are determined by dividing the zone plate into multiple areas based on the desired order. The EFZP has potential applications in various research fields such as microscopy, direct laser lithography, and optical coherence tomography. However, manufacturing an EFZP is challenging due to the high precision requirements and difficulties associated with the calculation and simulation processes. In this research, a complete process is presented to design, simulate, and fabricate an EFZP using a Fourier optics design, simulations, and a direct laser lithographic machine. The resulting EFZP has an increased depth of focus of about nine times compared to a general Fresnel zone plate with similar parameters, while maintaining the focal spot diameter. The performance of this EFZP is evaluated through optical verification and mathematical simulation methods. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Beam splitters Binary optics finite-difference time-domain method Optical coherence tomography Optical elements Zone plates

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High performance TM-pass polarizer using multimode Bragg grating waveguide

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2024年第8期32卷 13156-13165页

作者： Xu, Zheng ying Tu, Bin Liu, Hao Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Sci Dept Optoelect Informat Sci & Engn Zhenjiang 212100 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Purple Mt Observ Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

A novel ultra -broadband TM -pass polarizer with high polarization extinction ratio (PER) and low reflection has been proposed and demonstrated by utilizing multimode Bragg grating waveguide (MBGW) and two tapered waveguides. By optimizing the period of the MBGW, the injected TE 0 mode is coupled into the backward TE 2 mode and effectively leaked into the cladding. Meanwhile, the injected TM 0 mode propagates through the polarizer without any negative impact. The operation bandwidth can be significantly expanded by cascading multiple MBGW structures, each of which operates at a different central Bragg wavelength. The simulation results indicate that the designed polarizer can achieve an insertion loss (IL) below 0.24 dB and a PER above 39 dB simultaneously across a bandwidth of 300 nm (1400 nm similar to 1700nm), while the reflected signal is below - 9.1 dB. The experiment results demonstrate that the fabricated polarizer can realize an IL below 0.56 dB and a PER above 33 dB in a 160 nm bandwidth ranging from 1470 nm to 1630 nm. Due to limitations in the equipment used, measurements for other wavelength ranges are not conducted. With these merits, the proposed device would find significant applications in optical communication systems.

关键词： Beam splitters Bragg reflectors finite-difference time-domain method Optical systems Photonic crystals Waveguide gratings

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Polynomial modal method for crossed slanted gratings

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION 2024年第9期41卷 1803-1812页

作者： Edee, Kofi Granet, Gerard Univ Clermont Auvergne Inst Pascal Clermont Auvergne INP CNRS F-63000 Clermont Ferrand France

Slanted gratings have emerged as a promising area of research due to their distinct properties, such as polarization control, beam steering, and enhanced interactions between light and matter. However, accurately and efficiently modeling these structures, particularly in the case of two-dimensional (2D) slanted gratings, has proven to be challenging. Traditional methods like the Fourier modal method (FMM or RCWA) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) are commonly used but involve approximations of the geometry to accommodate the slant effect. In this study, we address these challenges by employing the polynomial modal method (PMM) for 2D slanted gratings, which, to our knowledge, is a novel approach not previously explored for this type of grating. We introduce a 2D slanted coordinate system to rigorously handle the grating profile. For 2D slanted gratings, the PMM offers several advantages over the FMM, as it overcomes limitations associated with factorization rules and/or staircase approximation of the profile. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method Grating coupler Light matter interactions Organic solar cells Polarization control Solar cell efficiency

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LIC-CGAN: fast lithography latent images calculation method for large-area masks using deep learning

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2024年第23期32卷 40931-40944页

作者： Zhao, Yihan Dong, Lisong Li, Ziqi Wei, Yayi Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microelect EDA Ctr Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Fabricat Technol Integrated Circuits Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Latent image calculation for large-area masks is an indispensable but time-consuming step in lithography simulation. This paper presents LIC-CGAN, a fast method for threedimensional (3D) latent image calculation of large-area masks using deep learning. Initially, the library of mask clips and their corresponding latent images is established, which is then used to train conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs). The large area layout is divided into mask clips based on local pattern features. If a mask clip matches one from the training library, its latent image can be obtained directly. Otherwise, the CGANs are employed to calculate its local latent image. Finally, all local latent images are synthesized to simulate the entire latent image. The proposed method is applied to lithography simulations for display panels, demonstrating high accuracy and a speed-up of 2.5 to 4.7 times compared to the rigorous process. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Deep learning Extreme ultraviolet lithography finite-difference time-domain method Imaging techniques Machine vision Rigorous coupled wave analysis

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Ultra-high extinction ratio polarization beam splitter using an antisymmetric grating-assisted multimode waveguide

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APPLIED OPTICS 2024年第22期63卷 5911-5916页

作者： Xu, ZhengYing Tu, Bin Liu, Hao Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Sci Dept Optoelect Informat Sci & Engn Zhenjiang 212100 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Purple Mt Observ Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

We have proposed and demonstrated a polarization beam splitter (PBS) with an ultra-high extinction ratio (ER) utilizing an antisymmetric grating-assisted multimode waveguide (AGMW) and an asymmetric directional coupler (ADC) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The AGMW structure is designed to facilitate the conversion of the forward TE0 mode into the backward TE1 mode. Upon injection of the TE0 mode, it transforms into the backward TE1 mode, subsequently undergoing conversion back to a TE0 mode through the ADC and ultimately dropping out from the designated port. In contrast, the injected TM0 mode traverses the device with minimal impact. The simulation results indicate that, for the TE0 mode, a bandwidth of 70 nm with an insertion loss (IL) below 0.65 dB and an ER over 40 dB is achieved. Similarly, for the TM0 mode, the bandwidth with the IL below 0.13 dB and an ER over 40 dB is 90 nm. Experimental validation confirms that, within the measured wavelength range from 1500 to 1580 nm, the bandwidth with an ER exceeding 30 dB is 61 nm for the TE0 mode and 78 nm for the TM0 mode. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Beam splitters Extinction ratios finite-difference time-domain method Lithium niobate Optical directional couplers Subwavelength structures

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Simulation of photonic crystal enhanced Ge-on-Si single photon avalanche diodes

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2024年第22期32卷 38805-38818页

作者： Smith, Charlie K. Mccarthy, Charlie Millar, Ross W. Univ Glasgow James Watt Sch Engn Rankine BldgOakfield Ave Glasgow G12 8LT Scotland

Simulations of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) based on the Ge-on-Si material platform are presented, highlighting the potential performance enhancement achievable with nano-hole array photonic crystal structures. Such structures can be used to enhance photon absorption and therefore increase single photon detection efficiencies (SPDE). However, there is yet to be a study of these structures in application to Ge-on-Si SPADs to determine if the optical enhancements can be realized as SPDE or to evaluate the change in dark count rate due to the nano-holes that form the photonic crystal. This work establishes an optimization and analysis platform for investigating photonic crystal structures on SPAD devices. Both a direct Ge etch method, and an etched amorphous Si design are compared to a reference device with an optimized anti-reflection coating. finite difference time domain simulations were used to optimize the photonic crystal parameters for these structures, finding a potential absorption of up to 37.09 % at wavelengths of 1550 nm for a 1 mu m absorption layer, compared to 11.33 % for the reference device. Subsequently, TCAD simulations and custom code were used to calculate the effective enhancement to SPAD performance metrics, as a function of material and passivation quality, showing up to 2.41x higher SPDE and 2.57x better noise-equivalent power is achievable provided etched surfaces are sufficiently well passivated.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Avalanche photodiodes finite-difference time-domain method Fluorescence lifetime imaging Integrated photonics Photonic crystals

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Sliding-tunable terahertz beam meta-deflector based on a 3D-printed bilayer

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OPTICS LETTERS 2024年第24期49卷 6912-6915页

作者： Wu, Xudong Xiong, Chenjie Huang, Jianzhou Liu, Weiguang Zhang, Jia Hu, Bin Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Engn Res Ctr Mixed Real & Adv Display Sch Opt & Photon Beijing 100081 Peoples R China China Acad Aerosp Sci & Innovat Beijing 100000 Peoples R China

To cope with the rapid preparation and tunable function of terahertz (THz) devices, a kind of THz beam meta-deflector (BMD) based on a bilayer metasurface doublet is proposed to implement tunable beam deflection with additional functions. By superimposing functional phases on one of the layers and sliding the other layer, the BMDs can achieve continuously beam deflection with beam splitting or beam focusing. It is possible to quickly switch between different functions by replacing the functional phase. As a demonstration, two devices are designed and fabricated by 3D printing, including a splitting BMD (s-BMD) and a focusing BMD (f-BMD). The experimental results show that the designed metasurfaces can achieve a deflection of +/- 26.96 degrees while achieving a splitting angle of 38.94 degrees-44.11 degrees for the s-BMD and a focus deflection of +/- 30.76 degrees for the f-BMD. The BMD is expected to be applied as a multifunctional and tunable device in THz communication and imaging. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： 3D printing finite-difference time-domain method Phase modulation Refractive index Scanning electron microscopy Terahertz imaging

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Dual-mode 2 x 2 electro-optic switch on a SOI platform

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OPTICS LETTERS 2024年第21期49卷 6125-6128页

作者： Ding, Yingzhi Zhang, Daming Zhang, Peng Tang, Bo Wang, Fei Wang, Xibin Yokoyama, Shiyoshi Yin, Yuexin Jilin Univ Coll Elect Sci & Engn State Key Lab Integrated Optoelect 2699 Qianjin St Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microelect Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Kyushu Univ Inst Mat Chem & Engn 6-1 Kasuga Koen Kasuga Fukuoka 8168580 Japan Kyushu Univ Dept Mol & Mat Sci 6-1 Kasuga Koen Kasuga Fukuoka 8168580 Japan

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology is promising for enhancing the capacity of communication networks. In this Letter, we demonstrate a dual-mode 2 x 2 electro-optical switch on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The dual-mode Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch comprises of four p-i-n phase shifters and two mode-insensitive multimode interferences that can be used for TE0 and TE1, simultaneously. With pi/2 phase shifters introduced, push-pull like operation enables the power consumption lower than 2.15 mW. The average insertion loss of the switch in "cross" and "bar" states are 1.31 dB +/- 0.19 dB for the TE0 mode and 3.39 dB +/- 0.16 dB for the TE1 mode, respectively. The cross talk is less than -16.47 dB in the C band. The compact dual- mode switch is promising to conduct a large-scale, flexible MDM system on chip. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Complementary metal oxide semiconductors finite-difference time-domain method Mode conversion Mode division multiplexing Multimode interference Phase modulation

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