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Impact of [email protected] 2 core-shell nanoparticles on the photoelectric current of plasmonic inverted organic solar cells

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Synthetic Metals 2018年 239卷 22-28页

作者： Kekeli N'Konou Malika Chalh Virginie Monnier Nicholas P. Blanchard Yann Chevolot Bruno Lucas Sylvain Vedraine Philippe Torchio Aix-Marseille Univ IM2NP CNRS-UMR 7334 Domaine Universitaire de Saint-Jérôme Service 231 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France Université de Limoges XLIM-CNRS 7252 123 Avenue Albert Thomas 87060 Limoges France Université de Lyon Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon UMR CNRS 5270 Ecole Centrale de Lyon 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue F-69134 Ecully France Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F-69622 Villeurbanne France

We report on the influence of silver-silica core-shell nanoparticles ( [email protected] 2 NPs) and bare silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the photoelectric current of plasmonic inverted organic solar cells. The synthesized [email protected] 2 NPs are deposited on a zinc oxide layer. The optimized plasmonic devices concern the [email protected] 2 NPs with 5 nm shell thickness and present the highest short-circuit current density of 13.44 mA/cm 2 , enhanced by 12% compared to the reference device. Such enhancements can mainly be attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance and to the light scattering effect originating from Ag NPs and [email protected] 2 NPs. finite-difference time-domain simulation reveals that a thin shell thickness facilitates the extension of a strong localized enhanced electromagnetic field in the active layer, as confirmed by measured and simulated optical absorption and photoluminescence measurements. Furthermore, AFM images present a well-distributed [email protected] 2 NPs array on the ZnO films, which contributes to such an improvement.

关键词： [email protected] core-shell nanospheres Plasmonic solar cells Absorption enhancement finite-difference time-domain method

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Nonlocal response with local optics

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Physical Review B 2018年第16期97卷 165423-165423页

作者： Jiantao Kong Alexander J. Shvonski Krzysztof Kempa Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut Hill 02467 MA United States

For plasmonic systems too small for classical, local simulations to be valid, but too large for ab initio calculations to be computationally feasible, we developed a practical approach—a nonlocal-to-local mapping that enables the use of a modified local system to obtain the response due to nonlocal effects to lowest order, at the cost of higher structural complexity. In this approach, the nonlocal surface region of a metallic structure is mapped onto a local dielectric film, mathematically preserving the nonlocality of the entire system. The most significant feature of this approach is its full compatibility with conventional, highly efficient finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation codes. Our optimized choice of mapping is based on the Feibelman's d-function formalism, and it produces an effective dielectric function of the local film that obeys all required sum rules, as well as the Kramers-Kronig causality relations. We demonstrate the power of our approach combined with an FDTD scheme, in a series of comparisons with experiments and ab initio density functional theory calculations from the literature, for structures with dimensions from the subnanoscopic to microscopic range.

关键词： Nanostructures finite-difference time-domain method First-principles calculations methods in electromagnetism

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Improved dropping efficiency in two-dimensional photonic crystal-based channel drop filter for coarse wavelength division multiplexing application

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017年第1期56卷

作者： Chhipa, Mayur Kumar Radhouene, Massoudi Robinson, Savarimuthu Suthar, Bhuvneshwer KL Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Guntur Andhra Pradesh India Univ Tunis El Manar Sch Tunis Commun Syst LR SysCom ENIT Natl Engn Tunis Tunisia Mount Zion Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Pudukkottai Tamil Nadu India Gove Engn Coll Dept Phys Bikaner Rajasthan India

We study the two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) square lattice structure to design a channel drop filter. The channel drop filter (CDF) is designed using a PC ring resonator structure because of its better response. The variation in the shape of scatterer rods causes the shift in resonant wavelength and also shows an improvement in quality factor as well as dropping efficiency. The dropping efficiency is improved from 92.7% to 99.5% for a particular wavelength at 1531 nm, which is especially used in telecommunication. The designed CDF structure is useful for coarse wavelength division multiplexer. The size of the device is very small, so these devices can play an important role in optical communication networks and photonic integrated circuits. (C) 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： coarse wavelength division multiplexing plane wave expansion method finite-difference time-domain method photonic crystal Photonic crystal ring resonator

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Weakly conditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2010年第11期4卷 1927-1936页

作者： Chen, J. Wang, J. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China NW Inst Nucl Technol Xian 710024 Peoples R China

A novel weakly conditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, which is extremely useful for problems with very fine structures over a large computational domain in one or two directions, is presented. The time step in this method is only determined by one space discretisation and is presented analytically. Compared with the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) FDTD method, this new method has higher accuracy, especially for larger field variation rate and/or time-step size. By defining the field components at only two time steps, this new method requires the solution of four tridiagonal matrices and four explicit updates at each time step, which is more computationally efficient than the ADI-FDTD scheme. While maintaining the same size of time step, the CPU time for this method can be reduced to about 2/3 of that for the ADI-FDTD scheme. The numerical performance of the proposed method over the ADI-FDTD method is demonstrated through numerical examples.

关键词： alternating-direction implicit FDTD method Electromagnetic wave propagation finite difference time-domain analysis computational domain computational electromagnetics matrix algebra tridiagonal matrices Linear algebra (numerical analysis) finite-difference time-domain method Classical electromagnetism Electric and magnetic fields Numerical approximation and analysis

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Visualization of metal tube damage using double helical microstrip lines and self-sensing time-domain reflectometry method

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NDT & E INTERNATIONAL 2017年 85卷 20-26页

作者： Matsuzaki, Ryosuke Kawasaki, Masahiro Todoroki, Akira Tokyo Univ Sci Dept Mech Engn 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 2788510 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Mech Sci & Engn Meguro Ku 2-12-1 Ookayama Tokyo 1528552 Japan

The present study investigates crack visualization in a metal tube using self-sensing time-domain reflectometry with double helical microstrip lines (MSLs). The double helical MSL functions as a long-range sensing line without bend sections. It uses a differential circuit to reduce cross-talk noise. The electromagnetic field simulation results clarified that cross-talk noise is decreased when using the differential circuit. The experimental results confirmed a sudden change in the amplitude at the crack location and demonstrated that the crack was detectable. The crack existence probability obtained using the estimated value and estimation error variance from the Kriging approximation indicates a very high probability at the crack location.

关键词： time-domain reflectometry Self-sensing finite-difference time-domain method Crack Visualization

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Model for describing plasmonic nanolasers using Maxwell-Liouville equations with finite-difference time-domain calculations

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Physical Review A 2017年第5期96卷 053825-053825页

作者： Dhara J. Trivedi Danqing Wang Teri W. Odom George C. Schatz Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

We present a theoretical study of lasing action when plasmonic metallic structures that show lattice plasmon resonances are embedded in a gain medium. Our model combines classical electrodynamics for arrays of gold nanoparticles with a four-level quantum Liouville model of the laser dye photophysics. A numerical solution was implemented using finite-difference time-domain calculations coupled with a finite-difference solution to the Liouville equation. A particular focus of this work is the influence of dephasing in the quantum dynamics on the emission intensity at the threshold for lasing. We find that dephasing in the quantum system leads to reduced lasing emission, but with little effect on the long-term population inversion. Both electronic and vibrational dephasing is considered, but only electronic dephasing is significant, with the fully dephased result appearing for dephasing times comparable to plasmon dephasing (∼10 fs) while fully coherent results involve >100 ps dephasing times as determined by the rate of stimulated emission. There are factor-of-2 differences between the Maxwell-Liouville results (greater emission intensities and narrower widths) compared to the corresponding results of rate-equation models of the dye states, which indicates the importance of using the Maxwell-Liouville approach in modeling these systems. We also examine rate-equation models with and without constraints arising from the Pauli exclusion principle, and we find relatively small effects.

关键词： Laser dynamics Nanophotonics Plasmonics Plasmons Dye lasers finite-difference time-domain method

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Circuit analysis and optimisation of SIW branch line coupler with improved modelling of small metallic post in FDTD

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2017年第5期11卷 617-624页

作者： Karimabadi, Sara Sadat Attari, Amir Reza Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad Elect Engn Dept Mashhad Iran Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad Commun & Comp Res Ctr Mashhad Iran

In this study an improved model of small metallic post has been used in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. This model has the advantages of wide range stability for different values of post radius, good accuracy and easy formulation. By using this model accurate results have been obtained in FDTD with large mesh size and therefore memory and calculation time have been reduced. Moreover circuit model has been used for the analysis and optimisation of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) branch line coupler. In this model a circuit is decomposed into several two or multi ports sub-circuits. Next, the proposed FDTD model is used to determine the scattering parameters of the sub-circuits. With a proper connection of the scattering parameters of these sub-circuits, the scattering parameters of the overall structure have been determined. Based on the improved post model in FDTD and using the circuit model a branch line SIW coupler with wider bandwidth has been designed and fabricated.

关键词： substrate integrated waveguides waveguide couplers network analysis circuit optimisation finite difference time-domain analysis S-parameters SIW branch line coupler circuit analysis circuit optimisation small metallic post finite-difference time-domain method FDTD method circuit model substrate integrated waveguide multiports sub-circuits scattering parameters

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Mixed surface impedance boundary condition for FDTD simulations

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2017年第9期11卷 1197-1202页

作者： Mao, Yunlong Elsherbeni, Atef Z. Jiang, Tao Li, Si Harbin Engn Univ Coll Informat & Commun Engn Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Peoples R China Colorado Sch Mines Elect Engn Dept Golden CO 80401 USA

Surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) is a potential way to improve the efficiency of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. However, it is still seldom used in FDTD simulations, especially for complicated problems. In this study, the authors propose a novel SIBC, the perfect electric conductor (PEC) backed SIBC (PEC-SIBC). It is a combination of SIBC and PEC. This character makes it possible to integrate PEC-SIBC with the conventional FDTD method. The authors derive the updating equations of PEC-SIBC for a one-dimensional (1D), 2D and 3D problems. Then, the authors verify the validity of PEC-SIBC with a 1D example and analyse the complexity with a 2D example. The comparison for a 1D configuration indicates that PEC-SIBC is a little more accurate than the traditional SIBC. For a 2D example, the SIBC is used to replace a lossy dielectric medium located in the middle of the problem domain. The complexity analysis indicates that PEC-SIBC is much easier and more practical to use than the traditional SIBC.

关键词： complexity analysis 3D problems surface impedance PEC-SIBC Other numerical methods one-dimensional problem Numerical approximation and analysis conductors (electric) Electromagnetic waves: theory computational electromagnetics 1D problem 2D problems finite difference time-domain analysis mixed surface impedance boundary condition electromagnetic field theory perfect electric conductor backed SIBC FDTD simulations lossy dielectric medium finite-difference time-domain method

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Theoretical Analysis of the Mode Splitting Properties in Periodically Patterned Microring Resonators

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2017年第9期35卷 1700-1704页

作者： Xia, Pengfei Fu, Yuegang Kong, Mei Liu, Zhiying Zhou, Jun Zhou, Jianhong Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Sch Photoelect Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Sch Sci Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Ningbo Univ Dept Microelect Sci & Engn Fac Sci Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China

By using the coupled-mode theory, an optical coupling system, which consists of a waveguide and a periodically patterned microring resonator, is modeled and the mode splitting properties are investigated theoretically and numerically. Mechanism of the mode splitting is the decay of the resonant modes supported by the microring resonators into the waveguide through direct and indirect coupling processes, which splits the degenerated modes. We also derive the transmission coefficient of the coupling system. All the results obtained are confirmed by the finite-difference time-domain method.

关键词： Coupled-mode theory finite-difference time-domain method microring resonators optical waveguide

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Near-field dynamics at a metallic transmission grating with femtosecond illumination: A theoretical study

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Physical Review B 2018年第8期98卷 085428-085428页

作者： Roland Müller Jens Bethge Max Born Institute Max-Born-Straße 2a Berlin D-12489 Germany

This paper reports on the temporal and spectral light field evolution for two different types of metallic gratings after illumination with a near-infrared TM-polarized femtosecond pulse: a freestanding grating in air and a grating on a dielectric substrate. The electromagnetic field components are calculated numerically at various transverse locations of the gratings by use of a finite-difference time-domain model. The spectral dynamics are explained by the dynamics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Fano-like profiles are observed close to an SPP resonance in the calculated spectral curves, indicating a connection between the Rayleigh anomaly and a nearby SPP resonance. For the freestanding grating, only a single Fano-like profile close to the air/metal SPP resonance and, with the dielectric support, two Fano-type profiles are observed, one in the proximity of the air/metal SPP resonance, the other in the proximity of the substrate/metal resonance. Investigating the changes in the spectra for an increasing distance to the grating, it is found that with increasing distance, the spectral curves related to different transverse locations coincide almost completely, providing evidence that the near-field contributions disappeared.

关键词： Nanophotonics Photonics Surface plasmons finite-difference time-domain method Plane-wave expansion

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