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International Conference on Engineering Technology and Application (ICETA)

作者： Dong, Xinlin Niu, Lihua Wang, Dongjie He, Yajing Langfang Hlth Vocat Coll Ctr Lab Langfang Hebei Peoples R China

Being applied widely, electromagnetic wave is closely related with our life. But this material has brought pollutions to the environment as well as influences on functions of organisms. In order to explore the influence of electromagnetic radiation on nervous system, this paper takes adult mice on 35th day as research objects, designs a water maze experiment and explores features of escaping latency of mice in the control group and in the group with radiation. In this research, methods of building a GHz TEM cell and a simulation model of mouse head with AutoCAD 2010 and XFDTD are provided, verifying that the simulation model meets the needs of the experiment. It concludes that the electromagnetic radiation causes memory deterioration of mice, and exerts its certain influence on nervous system.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method electromagnetic radiation XFDTD software simulation model water maze experiment

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Computational Model of Heterogeneous Heating in Melanin 26

Computational Model of Heterogeneous Heating in Melanin

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Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVI

作者： Kellicker, Jason DiMarzio, Charles A. Kowalski, Gregory J. Northeastern Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9781628414110

Melanin particles often present as an aggregate of smaller melanin pigment granules and have a heterogeneous surface morphology. When irradiated with light within the absorption spectrum of melanin, these heterogeneities produce measurable concentrations of the electric field that result in temperature gradients from thermal effects that are not seen with spherical or ellipsoidal modeling of melanin. Modeling melanin without taking into consideration the heterogeneous surface morphology yields results that underestimate the strongest signals or over-estimate their spatial extent. We present a new technique to image phase changes induced by heating using a computational model of melanin that exhibits these surface heterogeneities. From this analysis, we demonstrate the heterogeneous energy absorption and resulting heating that occurs at the surface of the melanin granule that is consistent with three-photon absorption. Using the three-photon fluorescence as a beacon, we propose a method for detecting the extents of the melanin granule using photothermal microscopy to measure the phase changes resulting from the heating of the melanin.

关键词： Tissues Absorption Thermal analysis finite-difference time-domain method Particles Tissue optics Microscopes Phase measurement Refraction Temperature metrology

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3D FDTD Modelling of Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers 6

3D FDTD Modelling of Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Laser...

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6th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC)

作者： Ivanov, P. Taylor, R. J. E. Li, G. Childs, D. T. D. Khamas, S. Sarma, J. Hogg, R. A. Erdelyi, R. Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England Univ Sheffield Sch Math & Stat Sheffield S3 7RH S Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)9781467395137

We investigated the beam divergence in far-field region, diffraction loss and optical confinement factors of semiconductor photonic crystal surface emitting lasers containing either InGaP/GaAs or InGaP/air photonic crystals. The maximum in-plane feedback in PCSELs with InGaP/GaAs PCs has been observed at the ratio between PC atom radius and the lattice constant of 0.2 and 0.38. The surface emission grows as the size of atom increases.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method photonic crystal photonic crystal surface emitting laser divergence angle diffraction loss

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Simulation of Dispersive Plasmas Using Implicit and Explicit ADE-FDTD Schemes 4

Simulation of Dispersive Plasmas Using Implicit and Explicit...

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IEEE 4th Asia Pacific Conference Antennas Propagation

作者： Yu, Yaxin Li, Qian Liu, Enxiao Png, Ching Eng Su, Xiaoxing ASTAR Elect & Photon Dept Inst High Performance Comp Singapore Singapore Beijing Jiaotong Univ Inst Engn Mech Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479988976

We report in this talk our works on developments of finite-difference time-domain algorithms for simulating electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized anisotropic plasmas consisting of electrons, positive, and negative ions. Both of our previously developed E-J full-collocation method and the current being-developed semi-collocation scheme are reported. The technical details, as well as some numerical results, are to be discussed during the presentation.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method plasmas electromagnetic field

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Combining Ray-Tracing and FDTD to Enable the Simulation of Complex Optical Devices in an Iterative Simulation Process With Reduced Simulation Effort

Combining Ray-Tracing and FDTD to Enable the Simulation of C...

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Conference on Optical Systems Design - Computational Optics

作者： Leiner, Claude Nemitz, Wolfgang Schweitzer, Susanne Wenzl, Franz P. Peharz, Gerhard Sommer, Christian Joanneum Res Forsch Ges mbH Inst Surface Technol & Photon A-8160 Weiz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418194

The development of photonic multi-scale devices with tailor-made optical properties requires the control and the manipulation of light propagation within structures of different length scales, ranging from sub-wavelength to macroscopic dimensions. Unfortunately, applications of common optical simulation methods are usually restricted to particular size regimes. For this reason, a complete optical simulation of multi-scale devices can only be conducted by combining different simulation methods. In our previous work we already introduced an interface method that uses the Poynting vector to bridge between classical Ray-Tracing and the finite-difference-time-domain method to enable the simulation of suchlike devices. In this contribution we present and discuss a method to reduce the simulation effort and time consumption of this interface simulation process. This approach is based on an FDTD simulation concept for creating the matrices containing probability density distributions that are needed for the FDTD-RT interface simulations by using broadband frequency sources. With this new FDTD simulation concept, the number of simulations needed to create these matrices can be significantly decreased.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method Matrices Interfaces Computer simulations Optical simulations Diffractive optical elements Optical components Geometrical optics Device simulation Silver

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Absorber topography dependence of phase edge effects

Absorber topography dependence of phase edge effects

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Conference on Photomask Technology

作者： Shanker, Aamod Sczyrba, Martin Connolly, Brid Waller, Laura Neureuther, Andy Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA AMTC D-01109 Dresden Germany Toppan Photomasks Dresden D-01109 Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418453

Mask topography contributes to phase at the wafer plane, even for OMOG binary masks currently in use at the 22nm node in deep UV (193nm) lithography. Here, numerical experiments with rigorous FDTD simulation are used to study the impact of mask 3D effects on aerial imaging, by varying the height of the absorber stack and its sidewall angle. Using a thin mask boundary layer model to fit to rigorous simulations it is seen that increasing the absorber thickness, and hence the phase through the middle of a feature (bulk phase) monotonically changes the wafer-plane phase. Absorber height also influences best focus, revealed by an up/down shift in the Bossung plot (linewidth vs. defocus). Bossung plot tilt, however, responsible for process window variability at the wafer, is insensitive to changes in the absorber height (and hence also the bulk phase). It is seen to depend instead on EM edge diffraction from the thick mask edge (edge phase), but stays constant for variations in mask thickness within a 10% range. Both bulk phase and edge phase are also independent of sidewall angle fluctuation, which is seen to linearly affect the CD at the wafer, but does not alter wafer phase or the defocus process window. Notably, as mask topography varies, the effect of edge phase can be replicated by a thin mask model with 8nm wide boundary layers, irrespective of absorber height or sidewall angle. The conclusions are validated with measurements on phase shifting masks having different topographic parameters, confirming the strong dependence of phase variations at the wafer on bulk phase of the mask absorber.

关键词： Photomasks Semiconducting wafers Diffraction Phase shift keying Critical dimension metrology Airborne remote sensing finite-difference time-domain method Panoramic photography Binary data Deep ultraviolet 193nm lithography Absorption Near field Opacity Phase measurement

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Wideband Perfect Coherent Absorber based on White Light Cavity 8

Wideband Perfect Coherent Absorber based on White Light Cavi...

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Conference on Slow Light, Fast Light, and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology VIII

作者： Kotlicki, Omer Scheuer, Jacob Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781628414684

Coherent Perfect Absorbers (CPAs) are optical cavities which can be described as time-reversed lasers where light waves that enter the cavity, coherently interfere and react with the intra-cavity losses to yield perfect absorption. In contrast to lasers, which benefit from high coherency and narrow spectral linewidths, for absorbers these properties are often undesirable as absorption at a single frequency is highly susceptible to spectral noise and inappropriate for most practical applications. Recently, a new class of cavities, characterized by a spectrally wide resonance has been proposed. Such resonators, often referred to as White Light Cavities (WLCs), include an intra-cavity superluminal phase element, designed to provide a phase response with a slope that is opposite in sign and equal in magnitude to that of light propagation through the empty cavity. Consequently, the resonance phase condition in WLCs is satisfied over a band of frequencies providing a spectrally wide resonance. WLCs have drawn much attention due to their attractiveness for various applications such as ultra-sensitive sensors and optical buffering components. Nevertheless, WLCs exhibit inherent losses that are often undesirable. Here we introduce a simple wideband CPA device that is based on the WLC concept along with a complete analytical analysis. We present analytical and FDTD simulations of a practical, highly compact (12 mu m), Silicon based WLC-CPA that exhibits a flat and wide absorption profile (40nm) and demonstrate its usefulness as an optical pulse terminator (>35db isolation) and an all optical modulator that span the entire C-Band and exhibit high immunity to spectral noise.

关键词： Absorption finite-difference time-domain method Modulators Geometrical optics Refractive index Silicon Gaussian pulse Optical resonators Silica Laser applications

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Electromagnetic Field Computation for Power Transmission Lines Using Quasi-Static Sub-Gridding finite-difference time-domain Approach

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ELECTROMAGNETICS 2014年第1期34卷 47-65页

作者： Ramli, K. N. Abd-Alhameed, R. A. See, C. H. Atojoko, A. Noras, J. M. Excell, P. S. Univ Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fac Elect & Elect Engn Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia Univ Bradford Antennas & Appl Electromagnet Res Grp Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England Univ Bolton Engn Sport & Sci ESS Acad Grp Bolton BL3 5AB Lancs England Glyndwr Univ Wrexham Wales

A new approach to the modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation and penetration in and around electrically small objects is presented. The traveling electromagnetic wave from a source is simulated by the finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations, and a sub-gridding technique is imposed at points of interest in order to observe the electromagnetic field at high resolution. The computational burden caused by the requirement for a large number of time steps has been ameliorated by implementing the state-of-the-art quasi-static approach. The method is demonstrated by finding the induced electromagnetic fields near a buried pipeline that runs parallel to 400-kV power transmission lines; results are presented and discussed. View full text

关键词： quasi-static electromagnetic fields finite-difference time-domain method sub-gridding induced electromagnetic fields power transmission lines

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On the development of finite-difference time-domain for modeling the spectroscopic ellipsometry response of 1D periodic structures

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THIN SOLID FILMS 2014年第Part3期571卷 356-363页

作者： Foo, Yishu Cheung, King Tai To, Chap Hang Zapien, Juan Antonio City Univ Hong Kong Ctr Super Diamond & Adv Films COSDAF Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Phys & Mat Sci Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

The use of the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD method) for spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) data analysis is desirable as it could provide a general method for advanced quantitative optical characterization of complex, non-layered, samples with applications to nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this contribution we demonstrate that the fully vectorial, time-domain, FDTD method approach to solve Maxwell's equations in the near-field can be used to accurately calculate the far-field SE response of periodic 1D structures. Using blazed gratings as models of periodic 1D structures, we calculate the SE response of two blazed gratings with 1200 and 2400 ln/mm using a five parameter morphological model and dielectric functions for Al and MgF2 obtained from an independent SE analysis of commercial broad-band Al mirrors. Using an unbiased mean squared error (MSE(phi,Delta)) as figure of merit, two strategies are demonstrated to approach the best fit to SE measurements namely, parameter sweep and particle swarm parameter optimization. It is demonstrated that particle swarm enables the estimation of the best fit parameters from SE measurements at 45 degrees angle of incidence (AoI). Good quantitative results were obtained for both samples with final MSE(phi,Delta) values similar to 15.8 and similar to 2.6, respectively, for the 1200 and 2400 ln/mmgratings which were further confirmed by direct comparison to SE measurements at AoI = 55 degrees yielding MSE(phi,Delta) of similar to 22.8 and similar to 5.1. These results pave the way for a powerful and complimentary FDTD-SE approach due to the distinctive advantages of the FDTD method: (i) sources of error arewell understood, leading to the ability to simulate a large variety of electromagnetic problems;(ii) potential to simulate arbitrary general subwavelength to nano-sized structures and in particular single nanostructures;(iii) calculation of broad spectral band results from a single simulation;(iv) natural capacity a

关键词： Spectroscopic ellipsometry Critical Dimension Measurement finite-difference time-domain method Nano-photonics Periodic nano-structures

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finite-difference time-domain analysis of structure-borne sound using a plate model based on the Kirchhoff-Love plate theory

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ACOUSTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014年第3期35卷 127-138页

作者： Asakura, Takumi Ishizuka, Takashi Miyajima, Tohru Toyoda, Masahiro Sakamoto, Shinichi Shimizu Corp Inst Technol Koto Ku 3-4-17 Ecchujima Tokyo 1358530 Japan Kansai Univ Fac Environm & Urban Engn Suita Osaka 5648680 Japan Univ Tokyo Inst Ind Sci Meguro Ku Tokyo 1538505 Japan

A vibroacoustic numerical method employing an implicit finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, in which the target architecture is modeled as a composition of two-dimensional plate elements, is proposed in this paper. While structure-borne sound is a difficult phenomenon to predict owing to the complexity of the vibration mechanism on the building structure, wave-based numerical techniques may enable its accurate prediction by virtue of their flexibility from the viewpoint of modeling the object. However, with the current PC performance, prediction for a large-scale problem is still difficult. To solve such a problem, we model the target structure as a composition of plate elements to reduce the simulated field to two dimensions, in contrast to the discretization of the field into three-dimensional solid elements. This results in memorysaving and faster simulation. In this paper, the basic theory of vibroacoustic analysis for a model with plate elements is described, and the results of a case study for a box-type structure are discussed.

关键词： Structure-borne sound finite-difference time-domain method Implicit method

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