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Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation of optical absorption properties of Al-N films with mesoscopic surface roughness

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS 2006年第1A期45卷 7784-7788页

作者： Ishiguro, Takashi Iijima, Hirofumi Nagaoka Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Nagaoka Niigata 9402188 Japan

Incompletely nitrided sputtered aluminum (Al-N) films with mesoscopic surface roughness have a promising function of high solar absorptance [T. Ishiguro et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (2002) 292]. In this paper, we present an application by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to the simulation of the optical properties of Al-N films. From the observed data, the optical and structural parameters of the specimen are determined. The simulation reproduces the systematic changes in the surface roughness dependences of absorptance and reflectance. The evaluated distribution of the local Poynting vector shows the refraction effect at the slope of protuberances on a rough surface. Additionall, energy absorption mainly takes place at the surface skin depth. As a result, it is confirmed that the FDTD method is useful for understanding local optical behavior in specimens with mesoscopic surface roughness.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method sputtered aluminum-nitrogen film solar absorber coating surface roughness mesoscopic structure

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Polarization-dependent optical responses of Sb-type near-field optical disk structure

Polarization-dependent optical responses of Sb-type near-fie...

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Conference on Plasmonics - Nanoimaging, Nanofabrication, and Their Applications II

作者： Chu, Tai Chi Ng, Ming-Yaw Chiu, Kuo Pin Liu, Wei-Chih Tsai, Din Ping Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Phys Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Ctr Nanostorage Res Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Electroopt Sci & Technol Taipei 116 Taiwan Acad Sinica Res Ctr Appl Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Dept Phys Taipei 116 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819464031

The near-field and far-field optical properties of Sb-type near-field optical disk structures with different polarized situations are studied by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Localized surface plasmon enhancements are found around rough surface of Sb layers for TM polarized, but no near-field enhancement is found in cases with TE polarized incident waves. Far-field readout contrast signals of both TE and TM polarized situations show the super-resolution capability, because evanescent signals of subwavelength recording marks are coupled to propagating waves by nanostructures (nano aperture or rough surface) in near-field active layer. Nevertheless, the contrast signals for TM illumination are higher than TE illumination due to localized surface plasmon enhancements. A simplified Fourier optics model is used to describe the relation between highly localized near-field distributions and enhanced resolution of far-field signals.

关键词： localized surface plasmon near-field optical disk structure high-density optical data storage finite-difference time-domain method Sb nanostructures diffraction limit Fourier optics

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Testing a homogeneous cluster with the use of parallel benchmarks

Testing a homogeneous cluster with the use of parallel bench...

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Conference on Photonics, Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments IV

作者： Bycul, RP Walendziuk, W Forenc, J Bialystok Tech Univ Fac Elect Engn Bialystok Poland

Results of testing a homogeneous cluster of workstations with the use of commonly applied parallel benchmarks are described in the present paper. Some other procedures (parallel FDTD method) are also run in the cluste... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)081946211X

关键词： Computing systems finite-difference time-domain method Surface plasmons Telecommunications Astronomy Computer architecture Internet Operating systems Photonics Switches

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Design and fabrication of ultra compact wavelength-splitter using self-collimated diffraction in two-dimensional polymeric photonic crystal

Design and fabrication of ultra compact wavelength-splitter ...

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Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits VIII

作者： Sung, Jun-Ho Lee, Seung-Gol Park, Se-Guen Lee, El-Hang O, Beom-Hoan Inha Univ Sch Informat & Commun Eng Opt & Photon Elite Res Acad 253 YongHyun Dong Inchon 402751 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819461660

We designed a compact wavelength-splitter using self-collimated diffraction in two-dimensional polymeric photonic crystal (PhC). In a three-dimensional finite difference time-domain (3-D FDTD) simulation, the beams of two different wavelengths (1043-nm and 1550-nm) are separated at an angle of 15 degrees in the PhC region. And, we fabricated this device using ultra-violet (UV) embossing technique that can be simply performed at room temperature with a silicon mold. We expect that this design concept and low-cost mass production method of a PhC-based device enable us to realize a very high-density integrated circuits due to its simple fabrication process and compact size.

关键词： Photonic crystals Ultraviolet radiation Polymers Silicon Cladding Diffraction finite-difference time-domain method Light wave propagation Waveguides Optical simulations

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Improving accuracy by sub-pixel smoothing in FDTD

Improving accuracy by sub-pixel smoothing in FDTD

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Conference on Tuning the Optic Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures III

作者： Farjadpour, A. Roundy, David Rodriguez, Alejandro Ibanescu, M. Bermel, Peter Joannopoulos, J. D. Johnson, Steven G. Burr, G. W. MIT Ctr Mat Sci & Engn 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464015

finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods stiffer from reduced accuracy when modeling discontinuous dielectric materials, due to the inhererent discretization ("pixellization"). We show that accuracy can be significantly improved by using a sub-pixel smoothing of the dielectric function, but only if the smoothing scheme is properly designed. We develop such a scheme based on a simple criterion taken from perturbation theory, and compare it to other published FDTD smoothing methods. In addition to consistently achieving the smallest errors, our scheme is the only one that attains quadratic convergence with resolution for arbitrarily sloped interfaces. Finally, we discuss additional difficulties that arise for sharp dielectric corners.

关键词： finite-difference time-domain method Interfaces Dielectrics Image resolution Photonic crystals Analytical research Electronics Microwave radiation Materials science Picture Archiving and Communication System

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A modified Liao's absorbing boundary condition with stabilization

A modified Liao's absorbing boundary condition with stabiliz...

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Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics

作者： Yu, Tong-Bin Zhou, Bi-Hua Liu, Shang-He Nanjing Engn Inst EMP Lab Nanjing 210007 Jiangsu Peoples R China Mech Engn Coll Electrostat & Electromagnet Protect Res Inst Shijiazhuang 050003 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)1424401836

A modified Liao's second-order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is presented in this paper. With the modification, the proposed Liao's ABC can be stabilized even after several ten thousand time steps. This is useful in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for a significant period of time. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the introduced ABC.

关键词： absorbing boundary conditions finite-difference time-domain method

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Near field diffraction of phase-shifted phase grating for side-writing fiber Bragg gratings

Near field diffraction of phase-shifted phase grating for si...

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20th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Sheng, YL Sun, L Rothenberg, JE Li, HP Wang, Y Univ Laval Dept Phys Phys Engn & Opt Ste Foy PQ G1K 7P4 Canada Northrop Grumman Redondo Beach CA 90278 USA Shizuoka Univ Dept Elect & Elect Hamamatsu Shizuoka 4328561 Japan Kiara Networks Albuquerque NM 87109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819460583

The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a very high count, up to N=80, identical channels for dispersion compensators has been commercialized. The design utilizes the phase-only sampling, which requires eta / N time higher refractive index modulation than the N times required by the amplitude sampling design. The phase sampling is implemented by inserting phase shifts in the FBG. Hence, the positive valued coupling coefficients of the FBG become complex-valued, which greatly increase the functionality and spectral performance of the FBG. In the fabrication of the phase-shifted FBG we find that the phase shifts in the phase mask for writing the FBG are not replicated into the FBG, as believed by many people, but are split into two half-magnitude phase-shifts due to the near field diffraction. We show the split of the phase shift by using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) analysis and we show that this split of the phase shifts results in the FBG spectral asymmetry by a physical model of the phase-only sampling function distortion and by the FBG experiments. The new pre-compensating phase mask technique is introduced to remove the errors and therefore ensure the success of the high count multiple channel FBGs.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings Phase shifts Photomasks Diffraction gratings Phase shift keying finite-difference time-domain method Near field diffraction Modulation Diffraction Binary data

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Development of chiral and achiral double negative metamaterials in the THz regime

Development of chiral and achiral double negative metamateri...

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Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems

作者： Wongkasem, N. Akyurtlu, A. Marx, K. A. Univ Massachusetts Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lowell MA 01854 USA Univ Massachusetts Ctr Intelligent Biomat Lowell MA 01854 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Chem Lowell MA 01854 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464712

Materials that support strong, tunable magnetic and electric properties in the terahertz (THz) frequency range have a wide range of applications including sue in: security screening, medical imaging, bio-sensing, remote sensing, metrology, and spectroscopy. The main challenge in assembling metamaterials (MTM) aimed at higher frequency applications is the difficulty of the fabrication process. This is because metamaterials are composed of inclusions that are scaled down in size to operate at high frequencies. Consequently, a model of spilt-ring resonator(SRR)/wire MTM is proposed which can create a double-negative (DNG) passband approximately two and a half times higher than those of the conventional SRR/wire structures, by using the same dimensions. Increasing the size of the repeating structure will significantly improve the ease of fabrication when we deal with devices at high frequencies. In this paper, we demonstrate the theoretical design and experimental validations of DNG metamaterials in the THz regime. Furthermore, a novel structure is presented, which demonstrates not only DNG properties but also chirality. The form of handedness sensitive rotation of the polarization state and elliptization of visible light diffracted from the chiral structures are properties attractive to the optoelectronic technologies such as photonic bandgap crystals and microsculptured films.

关键词： Metamaterials Terahertz radiation finite-difference time-domain method Magnetism Resonators Aluminum Double negative metamaterials Photonic crystal devices Photonic crystals Polarization

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Simplified model for absorber feature transmissions on EUV masks

Simplified model for absorber feature transmissions on EUV m...

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26th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology

作者： Lam, Michael C. Neureuther, Andrew R. Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464446

A new thin mask model for transmission through EUV absorber features is proposed, which, when linked to an EUV buried defect simulator, can rapidly assess a buried defect's impact on the printability of nearby features. The underlying physics of an absorber edge scattering is thoroughly investigated and simplified models for two of the key physical effects are shown to produce excellent results when compared to FDTD edge scattering. By simply adding calibrated line sources to the top comers of the absorber edges, as well as propagating the thin mask by about half the mask thickness, a greatly simplified model for feature transmissions is produced. The simplified model effectively converts the electrically thick nature of the absorber patterns (similar to 70nm or -5 lambda thick) into a thin mask model, while capturing all of the appropriate effects that are demonstrated in the far field image. Line and space example patterns for dense 32nm, 22nm, and 15nm features (on wafer) demonstrate the accuracy of the new thin mask model for even very tight pitches.

关键词： Photomasks finite-difference time-domain method Scattering Extreme ultraviolet Near field Wave propagation Polarization Interfaces Semiconducting wafers Diffraction

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Organic nonlinear Kerr materials in Fabry-Perot cavities for all optical switching

Organic nonlinear Kerr materials in Fabry-Perot cavities for...

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Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices IV

作者： Moll, Nikolaj Jochim, Selim Gulde, Stephan Mahrt, Rainer F. Offrein, Bert J. IBM Res Zurich Res Lab Saumerstr 4 CH-8803 Ruschlikon Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0819461709

Combining organic films with high Kerr-nonlinearities and highly optimized photonic nanostructures could lead to new fast switching elements. Fabry-Perot cavities are fabricated by incorporating an organic material between two dielectric mirrors. Using femto-second pump and probe measurements we characterize these hybrid 1-D photonic band gap structures for various organic materials. By varying the pump beam wavelength across the cavity resonance we are able to delineate between the various underlying nonlinear processes. Comparing these measurements with computations we are able to quantify both the refractive and absorptive nonlinear coefficients of various organic materials.

关键词： Fabry–Perot interferometers Switching Nonlinear optics finite-difference time-domain method Monochromators Resonators Laser beam diagnostics Optical resonators Organic materials Picosecond phenomena

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