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Shift in Translation:A Case Study of Translating NFPA 1 fire code into Chinese

Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2025年第2期9卷 1-15页

作者： Fang Chen Xinlu Xing Huili Wang School of Foreign Languages Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015Zhejiang ProvinceChina Hangzhou Collaborative Innovation Institute of Language Services Hangzhou 310015Zhejiang ProvinceChina Dalian Fire and Rescue Brigade Dalian 116000Liaoning ProvinceChina

National fire codes,mandated by government authorities to tackle technical challenges in fire prevention and control,establish fundamental standards for construction *** collaboration in fire protection technologies has opened avenues for China to access a wealth of documents and codes,which are crucial in crafting regulations and developing a robust,scientific framework for fire code ***,the translation of these codes into Chinese has been inadequate,thereby diminishing the benefits of technological exchange and collaborative *** underscores the necessity for comprehensive research into code translation,striving for higher-quality translations guided by established translation *** this study,we translated the initial segment of the NFPA 1 fire code into Chinese and examined both the source text and target text through the lens of Translation Shift Theory,a concept introduced by *** conclusion culminated in identifying four key shifts across various linguistic levels:lexis,sentences,and groups,to ensure an accurate and precise translation of fire *** study offers a through and lucid explanation of how the translator integrates Catford’s theories to solve technical challenges in NFPA 1 fire code translation,and establish essential standards for construction translation practices.

关键词： fire code code document JC Catford Translation shift theory

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FAST BURST ERROR-CORRECTION SCHEME WITH fire code

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 1984年第7期33卷 613-618页

作者： ADI, W Institut fÃ¿r Datenverarbeitungsanlagen Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany. Abstract Authors References Cited By Keywords Metrics Similar Download Citation Email Print Request Permissions

A fast burst error-correction decoder is proposed. It can be used for high-speed decoding of a burst error-correcting fire code having the generator polynomial G(x) = (1 + xC)p(x), where p(x) is irreducible and of degree m and the degree of G (x) is r = c + m, r being the number of redundancy bits. The decoder needs at most r -1 cycles to find both the error burst pattern and its location, whereas conventional decoding needs up to n cycles [1] (n is the number of bits in a codeword), or a fraction of n [2]. The decoding scheme is based on new aspects of the structure of the error syndrome and the parity check matrix of fire code recently observed by the author. These aspects allow partial syndrome processing in the decoding process. This makes hardware costs relatively low and enables very high-speed decoding. The decoding scheme makes use of modern mapping devices such as programmable read only memories (PROM"s) and field programmable logic arrays (FPLA"s), resulting in relatively compact and cheap hardware. The encoder/decoder could probably be implemented as a single-chip LSI circuit.

关键词： Burst error fire code decoding error correction error location fast decoding

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Transparency vs magic numbers: The development of stair design requirements in the Italian fire Safety code

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fire SAFETY JOURNAL 2017年 91卷 882-891页

作者： Gissi, Emanuele Ronchi, Enrico Purser, David A. Corpo Nazl Vigili Fuoco Conianclo Prov Genova Via Albertazzi 2 Genoa Italy Lund Univ Dept Fire Safety Engn POB 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Hartford Environm Res Hatfield Herts England

Practitioners may face difficulties in the interpretation of fire codes since they often present so called "magic numbers", i.e. numbers available in the codes which are listed for providing the design of building fire safety, for which the derivation and justification are not explained. The present paper discusses the need for a transparent regulatory approach, in which legislators publicly justify each of the choices made during the development of the fire codes. This approach has been used for the first time during the development of the Italian fire Safety code DM03/08/15, where the process adopted for the development of the code requirements has been publicly released in parallel with the code itself. This is deemed to facilitate the interpretation of the fire code, avoiding mis-use and preventing criticism on lack of transparency. To address this issue, the Italian legislators have conducted a process of reconstructing the assumptions adopted for the definition of magic numbers in other International codes (i.e., British Standard 9999) in order to identify suitable specifications for the national context under consideration. This includes the performance of a series of calculations rather than a mere historical examination of their basis. As a first attempt towards an increased transparency in fire code development at an International level, this paper publicly summarizes the process adopted by the Italian legislators for the development of the new Italian fire code, focusing on the exemplary case of the calculations performed for the definition of the requirements concerning stair design (i.e. vertical evacuation). This is presented by comparing the deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the Italian code with, the ones given in the British Standard 9999. The process of developing fire codes is discussed together with the benefits associated with transparency in the assumptions adopted for their definition.

关键词： Egress Magic numbers Transparency fire code Stair design

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On the Maximum True Burst Correcting Capability of Primitive fire codes

On the Maximum True Burst Correcting Capability of Primitive...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

作者： Zhou, Wei Lin, Shu Abdel-Ghaffar, Khaled Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467377041

fire codes are cyclic codes generated by the product of two polynomials: a binomial that characterizes the code's guaranteed burst correcting capability and an irreducible polynomial that characterizes the code length. However, the true burst correcting capability of a fire code may exceed its guaranteed burst correcting capability. The true burst correcting capability of primitive fire codes, in which the irreducible polynomial is primitive, is studied. In particular, the true burst correcting capability maximized over all primitive fire codes with a given guaranteed burst correcting capability and a given greatest common divisor of the periods of the two factors of its generator polynomial is considered. It is shown that this maximum is attained by an infinite number of such codes.

关键词： Burst correction fire code primitive polynomial

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On the Maximum True Burst-Correcting Capability of fire codes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2016年第10期62卷 5323-5342页

作者： Zhou, Wei Lin, Shu Abdel-Ghaffar, Khaled A. S. Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA

fire codes are cyclic codes generated by the product of two polynomials: a binomial that characterizes the code's guaranteed burst-correcting capability and an irreducible polynomial that characterizes the code length. However, the true burst-correcting capability of a fire code may exceed its guaranteed burst-correcting capability, which can be thought of as the designed burst-correcting capability of the fire code. The true burst-correcting capability of a fire code depends on the irreducible polynomial used in code construction. In this paper, the maximum true burst-correcting capabilities of fire codes are considered. fire codes are classified based on three parameters: their designed burst-correcting capabilities, the least common multiple of the periods of the binomials, and the irreducible polynomials used in their constructions, and the ratios of the periods of primitive polynomials of the same degrees as the irreducible polynomials to the periods of the irreducible polynomials. It is shown that the maximum true burst-correcting capability of each class, which pertains to an infinite number of codes, can be determined by checking whether or not a finite number of incongruences have a solution. It is also shown that in each class, there is an infinite number of fire codes, with increasing code lengths, that attain this maximum. The maximum true burst-correcting capabilities of several classes of fire codes are determined. It is also shown that there are infinite sequences of irreducible polynomials that generate cyclic codes of rates approaching one and with burst-correcting capabilities that exceed any given number.

关键词： Burst-correcting code cyclic code fire code irreducible polynomial maximal cyclic code primitive polynomial

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PV electrical plants fire risk assessment and mitigation according to the Italian national fire services guidelines

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fire AND MATERIALS 2016年第3期40卷 355-367页

作者： Cancelliere, Piergiacomo Cent Directorate Tech Safety & Fire Prevent Area Act Fire Protect 6 Italian Natl Fire Serv Minist Interior Rome Italy

Photovoltaic (PV) systems design and construction are generally focused on efficiency and reliability, in order to increase the amount of solar energy that can be converted into electrical energy. Therefore, in a PV electrical generation plant, fire risk is not taken into account by technical designers and, furthermore, is not considered by constructors of PV plant installation. This paper shows a procedure to assess and mitigate the fire risk as a result of a PV plant installation located over buildings, according to the Italian National fire Services Guidelines. Firstly, an introduction to the main faulty modes of PV arrays and modules is reported in order to highlight how the pre-existing level of fire risk is increased for a building or construction work where a PV electrical generation plant is installed. Hence, the paper explains how the guidelines point out fire risk assessment steps oriented to PV plant installation over buildings. In addition, the guidelines contain some useful fire risk mitigation technical solutions. The guidelines have been developed with safety as their main objective. The PV sector has been presented with certain limitations in roof or facade installations as a result of PV fire ignition characteristics and firefighting suppression techniques. The aim of the guidelines is to provide the solar PV industry with information and technical arrangements to aid the design, construction and installation of solar PV systems meeting the objectives of both solar PV industry and fire safety requirements. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： fire risk assessment photovoltaic plants fire code

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Hazardous Material Master Planning: A Valuable Investment To Improve Stakeholder Collaboration

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ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2022年第3期29卷 280-288页

作者： Lebowitz, Jeremy Jensen Hughes Westborough MA 01581 USA

This article presents the construct and value of a hazardous material master plan for all laboratory stakeholders. Several common challenges of laboratory design and laboratory operation are discussed, including recommendations on how using a hazardous material master plan can reduce conflict and address these common challenges. Major topical areas to be included in such a master plan are suggested as well as how to construct and maintain a master plan throughout the building's life cycle.

关键词： laboratory design building code fire code chemicals coordination compliance flexibility

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Burroughs :: B1700 :: 1095650 B9499-3 Vol3 Apr77

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2016年

Burroughs :: B1700 :: 1095650 B9499-3 Vol3 Apr77 by published by

关键词： apr77 b1700 b9499-3 basic principles burroughs card assembly controller data disk disk pack dpc dpec electronic controller field engineering fire code indicates llll llll llll logic operation operation basic pack pack electronic power supply

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Protichybové systémy s prokládáním

Protichybové systémy s prokládáním

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作者： Pacher, Jakub Brno University of Technology

Tato práce se zabývá protichybovými systémy s prokládáním. Nejdříve je podán přehled o často používaných zabezpečovacích kódech. Dále jsou pop... 详细信息

Tato práce se zabývá protichybovými systémy s prokládáním. Nejdříve je podán přehled o často používaných zabezpečovacích kódech. Dále jsou popsány základní dvě techniky prokládání spolu s jejich porovnáním. V další části textu již dochází k rozboru kódů vyhovujících zadání. Je vybrán optimální systém, jehož funkčnost je nejprve ověřena v simulačním prostředí MATLAB a následně je navržena funkční aplikace v jazyce C++ pro přenos zabezpečených BMP obrázků.

关键词： samoopravný kód prokládání shluk chyb protichybový kódový systém fireův kód Hammingův kód BCH kód BMP obrázek error-correcting code interleaving burst error anti-error coding system fire code Hamming code BCH code BMP picture Text

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Protichybové zabezpečení v digitálních komunikačních systémech

Protichybové zabezpečení v digitálních komunikačních ...

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作者： Kostrhoun, Jan Brno University of Technology

Práce se zabývá dopřednou protichybovou korekcí. V práci jsou popsány základní metody a algoritmy protichybové korekce. Pro prezentaci postupu kódování a dek... 详细信息

Práce se zabývá dopřednou protichybovou korekcí. V práci jsou popsány základní metody a algoritmy protichybové korekce. Pro prezentaci postupu kódování a dekódování Hammingova kódu, Reed-Müllerova kódu, fireova kódu, Reed-Solomonova kódu a Trellis kódované modulace, byly vytvořeny programy v prostředí Matlab.

关键词： Hammingův kód Reed-Müllerův kód fireův kód Reed-Solomonův kód Trellis kódovaná modulace Hamming code Reed-Müller code fire code Reed-Solomon code Trellis coded modulation. Text

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