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Do primary rainforest tree species recruit into passively and actively restored tropical rainforest?

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2021年 496卷 119453-119453页

作者： Pohlman, Catherine L. Tng, David Y. P. Florentine, Singarayer K. Sch Field Studies Ctr Rainforest Studies POB 141 Yungaburra Qld 4884 Australia Federat Univ Australia Sch Sci Psychol & Sport POB 663 Ballarat Vic 3350 Australia

Restoring tropical rainforests is becoming increasingly urgent. However, in most restoration plantings it is not possible to include the full suite of species found in the original rainforest. Full recovery of species composition thus depends on the dispersal and recruitment of species that are not planted. In many restoration projects, however, recruitment is dominated by a low diversity of regionally-abundant pioneer species and species with small, easily dispersed seeds. These species are characteristic of secondary rainforest and do not include the far more diverse suite of species characteristic of the original, primary rainforest. Such primary rainforest species are usually more vulnerable to the effects of fragmentation than disturbance-adapted pioneers and thus are of greater conservation concern, as well as being required for the full recovery of many important ecosystem functions. As restoring ecosystem processes is one of the central goals of restoration, this raises the question of which, if any, of the available rainforest restoration methods may be used to promote the recruitment of primary rainforest species. We compared the species composition and functional group composition of recruited trees and shrubs in a 25-year-old restoration experiment with those of the originally planted trees, and with nearby primary rainforest and secondary rainforest reference sites in an area of upland rainforest in north-eastern Australia. Our objective was to compare the performance of four commonly-used restoration methods: (i) unassisted (passive) regeneration, (ii) Pioneer Monoculture plantings, (iii) framework method plantings, and (iv) Maximum Diversity plantings. The species composition and functional group composition of recruited individuals within all treatments were similar to those of secondary rainforest and highly dissimilar to both primary rainforest and plantations. Pioneer species, species with small, biotically-dispersed diaspores, and canopy trees we

关键词： Active restoration framework method Maximum Diversity method Natural regeneration Nurse Plantations Passive restoration

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Recommendations of ELT Students for Four Language Skills Development: A Study on Emergency Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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SAGE OPEN 2022年第1期12卷

作者： Tuncer, Hulya Karatas, Tuce Ozturk Cukurova Univ Fac Educ English Language Teaching Dept Adana Turkey Mersin Univ Fac Educ English Language Teaching Dept Mersin Turkey

The COVID-19 pandemic will not be easily forgotten as its contagious impact has penetrated education. In response to this, educational practices have moved online within various forms and terms, and Emergency Distance Education (EDE) is one of them. Within this frame, this qualitative study aimed to investigate the recommendations of 118 English Language Teaching (ELT) Department students for their teachers and for students themselves in developing four language skills-reading, writing, listening, and speaking-during EDE settings to improve the efficiency of the online courses. In doing so, framework method via NVivo 11 Plus was utilized. The participants' recommendations for EDE included a total of 152 comments for reading, 141 for writing, 131 for listening, and 147 for speaking skills. The participants' recommendations for four skills centered on a total of seven themes: for teachers, for students, for online platforms, for eliminating technical issues, satisfactory, no recommendation, and no answer. The data analysis demonstrated that the majority of the recommendations for each skill were given for teachers under two sub-themes: content and implementation. While content had the highest frequency for reading, writing, and listening skills, implementation was found to be the top concern for speaking skills. The results of the study presented valuable insights not only for ELT contexts but also for all language education settings.

关键词： emergency distance education during COVID-19 ELT students four language skills development framework method NVivo

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What drives differences in preferences for health states between patients and the public? A qualitative investigation of respondents' thought processes

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SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE 2021年 282卷 114150-114150页

作者： Goodwin, Elizabeth Davey, Antoinette Green, Colin Hawton, Annie Univ Exeter Univ Exeter Med Sch Inst Hlth Res Hlth Econ Grp Exeter Devon England Univ Exeter Univ Exeter Med Sch Exeter Collaborat Acad Primary Care APEx Exeter Devon England Univ Exeter Sch Psychol Exeter Devon England Univ Exeter Univ Exeter Med Sch NIHR Appl Res Collaborat Arc South West Peninsula Exeter Devon England

Cost-effectiveness analyses using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) are used in decision-making regarding which interventions are available via many national healthcare systems. QALYs are calculated based on health state values provided by preference elicitation techniques. Several national decision-making bodies recommend that health state values should be based on preferences elicited from general populations, rather than from patients. Previous studies have shown systematic differences between health state values elicited from members of the general population and from patients. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed, however empirical evidence for these is scarce. We aimed to explore possible reasons for discrepancies between public and patient valuations by undertaking qualitative cognitive interviews, asking 14 members of the general population and 12 people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to think aloud while completing a preference elicitation task (time trade-off) for MS-related health states. The interviews were undertaken between December 2016 and October 2017 in the South West region of England, and were analysed using the framework method. As anticipated, we found that participants with MS had more experience of health problems and used this experience to consider how they might adapt to the health states over time, and which dimensions of health-related quality of life were most important to them. We found no evidence that participants with MS were less affected by framing effects and focusing illusions, more likely to prioritise non-physical dimensions of health, or more prone to loss aversion, endowment effects and non-compensatory decision-making. These findings contribute to our understanding of how patients and members of the general population respond to preference elicitation exercises, and why their preferences may differ, and may help to inform developing areas of research, such as the joint presentation of cost-effectivene

关键词： Health economics Time trade-off Health state values Public preferences Patient preferences Qualitative methods Cognitive interviews framework method

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Assessing Health Data Security Risks in Global Health Partnerships: Development of a Conceptual framework

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JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH 2021年第12期5卷 e25833页

作者： Espinoza, Juan Sikder, Abu Taher Dickhoner, James Lee, Thomas Childrens Hosp Los Angeles Dept Pediat 4650 Sunset Blvd Los Angeles CA 90006 USA Univ Southern Calif Keck Sch Med Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Childrens Hosp Los Angeles Innovat Studio Los Angeles CA 90006 USA Childrens Hosp Los Angeles Dept Surg Los Angeles CA 90006 USA

Background: Health care databases contain a wealth of information that can be used to develop programs and mature health care systems. There is concern that the sensitive nature of health data (eg, ethnicity, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections, and lifestyle information) can have significant impact on individuals if misused, particularly among vulnerable and marginalized populations. As academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and international agencies begin to collaborate with low- and middle-income countries to develop and deploy health information technology (HIT), it is important to understand the technical and practical security implications of these initiatives. Objective: Our aim is to develop a conceptual framework for risk stratification of global health data partnerships and HIT projects. In addition to identifying key conceptual domains, we map each domain to a variety of publicly available indices that could be used to inform a quantitative model. methods: We conducted an overview of the literature to identify relevant publications, position statements, white papers, and reports. The research team reviewed all sources and used the framework method and conceptual framework analysis to name and categorize key concepts, integrate them into domains, and synthesize them into an overarching conceptual framework. Once key domains were identified, public international data sources were searched for relevant structured indices to generate quantitative counterparts. Results: We identified 5 key domains to inform our conceptual framework: State of HIT, Economics of Health Care, Demographics and Equity, Societal Freedom and Safety, and Partnership and Trust. Each of these domains was mapped to a number of structured indices. Conclusions: There is a complex relationship among the legal, economic, and social domains of health care, which affects the state of HIT in low- and middle-income countries and associated data security risks. The

关键词： health information technology low- and middle-income countries low income conceptual framework analysis framework method data security decision-making database information use misuse global health security

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Promoting knowledge to policy translation for urban health using community-based system dynamics in Brazil

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HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS 2021年第1期19卷 53-53页

作者： Morais, Lidia Maria de Oliveira Kuhlberg, Jill Ballard, Ellis Indvik, Katherine Rocha, Solimar Carnavalli Sales, Denise Marques de Oliveira Cardoso, Leticia Gouveia, Nelson de Lima Friche, Amelia Augusta Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira Univ Fed Minas Gerais Observ Urban Hlth Belo Horizonte Av Pres Antonio Carlos 6627 BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Syst Stars St Louis MO USA Washington Univ St Louis Social Syst Design Lab Brown Sch 1 Brookings Dr St Louis MO 63130 USA Drexel Univ Dornsife Sch Publ Hlth Urban Hlth Collaborat 3215 Market St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Natl Sch Publ Hlth R Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480Room 813 BR-21041210 Manguinho RJ Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Dept Prevent Med Med Sch Av Dr Arnaldo 455 BR-01246903 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Background Effectively bridging the knowledge-policy gap to support the development of evidence-based policies that promote health and well-being remains a challenge for both the research and policy communities. Community-based system dynamics (CBSD) is a participatory modelling approach that aims to build stakeholders' capacity to learn and address complex problems collaboratively. However, limited evidence is available about the contributions of CBSD to knowledge-generating and policy processes across sectors and policy spheres. In the context of a multi-country research project focused on creating an evidence base to inform urban health policies across Latin America, a series of CBSD workshops convened stakeholders from research, policy-making, and other backgrounds working in food and transportation systems. Diverse participants were selected aiming to incorporate multiple perspectives relevant to understanding complex urban systems linked to food and transportation. This study focuses on one of these workshops, whose avenue was Sao Paulo, Brazil, assembling country-based participants representing local, regional, national, and international institutions with multidisciplinary backgrounds linked to food and transportation systems. Objective The aim of this case study is to explore the perceived influence of one of these workshops on attendees' understandings of food and transportation systems and their relationship to healthy urban environments, with attention to the role of the workshop in supporting knowledge to policy translation for urban health. methods We conducted 18 semi-structured qualitative interviews with attendees one year after their participation in a CBSD workshop held in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A framework method approach was used to code participants' responses and identify emerging themes. Results Participants reported that the workshop's group model-building activities influenced their understanding of the knowledge-policy process as it relates to

关键词： Knowledge to policy translation Community-based system dynamics Urban health framework method Latin America Systems thinking

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How helpful are Patient and Public Involvement strategic documents - Results of a framework analysis using 4Pi National Involvement Standards

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Research Involvement and Engagement 2019年第1期5卷 31页

作者： Matthews, Rachel Kaur, Meerat French, Catherine Baker, Alison Reed, Julie Interim Head UCL Centre for Co-Production in Health Research UCL Culture 38-50 Bidborough Street London WC1H 9BT United Kingdom NIHR CLAHRC Northwest London Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369 Fulham Road London SW10 9NH United Kingdom Clinical Integration Lead Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Education Centre 75-79 York Road London SE1 7NJ United Kingdom

Background: Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) strategic documents are viewed as an essential feature of organisational commitment to openness and transparency. They provide a mechanism to communicate opportunities for wider community influence in healthcare. The absence of documentation can be negatively interpreted, for example during regulatory inspection, as a lack of intent by organisations to collaborate with a broad constituency. Published literature paints a confusing picture of rationale and evidence that could provide the foundation for strategic action. This makes it difficult for those responsible for turning goals into meaningful involvement. We investigated how content is presented and organised in strategic documents. This pragmatic study is intended to stimulate reflective practice, promote debate and generate further inquiry with a wide audience. methods: We created and iterated a framework adapted from 4Pi National Involvement Standards to analyse organisational PPI strategic documents against five domains which are principles, purpose, presence, process and impact. Fifteen strategic documents were grouped into four categories (acute care providers;clinical commissioning groups;community healthcare providers;and other) and included for analysis. A matrix was produced. By reading the matrix vertically (down) and horizontally (across), comparisons can be made between 4Pi domains and across organisations. Results: There was no discernible pattern between domains or between organisations. There was variation in the level to which criteria were met. No single strategy fully met the criteria for all five domains of 4Pi National Involvement Standards. The criteria for purpose was fully met in eight strategic documents. Only two documents fully met impact criteria. Four organisations showed better completeness with fully or partially met criteria across five domains. A single organisation partially met the criteria for all domains. The remaining 10 were

关键词： Action effect method framework method Involvement Patient Programme theory Public Quality improvement Strategic

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A Systematic framework for Analyzing Patient-Generated Narrative Data: Protocol for a Content Analysis

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JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 2019年第8期8卷 13914页

作者： Zolnoori, Maryam Balls-Berry, Joyce E. Brockman, Tabetha A. Patten, Christi A. Huang, Ming Yao, Lixia Mayo Clin Dept Hlth Sci Res 200 First St SW Rochester MN 55905 USA Mayo Clin Coll Med & Sci Rochester MN USA Mayo Clin Community Engagement Program Ctr Clin & Translat Sci Rochester MN USA Mayo Clin Dept Psychiat & Psychol Rochester MN USA

Background: Patient narrative data in online health care forums (communities) are receiving increasing attention from the scientific community for implementing patient-centered care. Natural language processing (NLP) methods are gaining more and more attention because of the enormous data volume. However, state-of-the-art NLP still cannot meet the need of high-resolution analysis of patients' narratives. Manual qualitative analysis still plays a pivotal role in answering complicated research questions from analyzing patient narratives. Objective: This study aimed to develop a systematic framework for qualitative analysis of patient-generated narratives in online health care forums. methods: Our systematic framework consists of 4 phases: (1) data collection, (2) data preparation, (3) content analysis, and (4) interpretation of the results. Data collection and data preparation phases are constructed based on text mining methods for identifying appropriate online health forums for data collection, differentiating posts of patients from other stakeholders, protecting patients' privacy, sampling, and choosing the unit of analysis. Content analysis phase is built on the framework method, which facilitates and accelerates the identification of patterns and themes by an interdisciplinary research team. In the end, the focus of interpretation of the results phase is to measure the data quality and interpret the findings regarding the dimensions and aspects of patients' experiences and concerns in their original contexts. Results: We demonstrated the usability of the proposed systematic framework using 2 case studies: one on determining factors affecting patients' attitudes toward antidepressants and another on identifying the disease management strategies in patient with diabetes facing financial difficulties. The framework provides a clear step-by-step process for systematic content analysis of patient narratives and produces high-quality structured results that can be used

关键词： social media online social networking patient-centered care qualitative research framework method inductive approach deductive approach text mining

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Identifying the Underlying Factors Associated With Patients' Attitudes Toward Antidepressants: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Patient Drug Reviews

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JMIR MENTAL HEALTH 2018年第4期5卷 e10726页

作者： Zolnoori, Maryam Fung, Kin Wah Fontelo, Paul Kharrazi, Hadi Faiola, Anthony Wu, Yi Shuan Shirley Stoffel, Virginia Patrick, Timothy NIH Lister Hill Natl Ctr Biomed Commun Natl Lib Med Bldg 10 Bethesda MD 20892 USA Univ Wisconsin Coll Hlth Sci Dept Hlth Informat & Adm Milwaukee WI 53201 USA Mayo Clin Dept Hlth Sci Res Sect Med Informat 200 First St SW Rochester MN 55905 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Hlth Policy & Management Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Populat Hlth IT Baltimore MD 21218 USA Univ Illinois Coll Appl Hlth Sci Biomed & Hlth Informat Sci Chicago IL USA Univ N Carolina UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA Univ Wisconsin Coll Hlth Sci Dept Occupat Sci & Technol Milwaukee WI 53201 USA Univ Wisconsin Coll Engn & Appl Sci Ind & Mfg Engn Milwaukee WI 53201 USA

Background: Nonadherence to antidepressants is a major obstacle to deriving antidepressants' therapeutic benefits, resulting in significant burdens on the individuals and the health care system. Several studies have shown that nonadherence is weakly associated with personal and clinical variables but strongly associated with patients' beliefs and attitudes toward medications. Patients' drug review posts in online health care communities might provide a significant insight into patients' attitude toward antidepressants and could be used to address the challenges of self-report methods such as patients' recruitment. Objective: The aim of this study was to use patient-generated data to identify factors affecting the patient's attitude toward 4 antidepressants drugs (sertraline [Zoloft], escitalopram [Lexapro], duloxetine [Cymbalta], and venlafaxine [Effexor XR]), which in turn, is a strong determinant of treatment nonadherence. We hypothesized that clinical variables (drug effectiveness;adverse drug reactions, ADRs;perceived distress from ADRs, ADR-PD;and duration of treatment) and personal variables (age, gender, and patients' knowledge about medications) are associated with patients' attitude toward antidepressants, and experience of ADRs and drug ineffectiveness are strongly associated with negative attitude. methods: We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the dataset. Patients' drug reviews were randomly selected from a health care forum called askapatient. The framework method was used to build the analytical framework containing the themes for developing structured data from the qualitative drug reviews. Then, 4 annotators coded the drug reviews at the sentence level using the analytical framework. After managing missing values, we used chi-square and ordinal logistic regression to test and model the association between variables and attitude. Results: A total of 892 reviews posted between February 2001 and September 2016 were analyzed. Most

关键词： medication adherence attitude perception antidepressive agents patient-centered care chronic disease depression community networks internet social media data mining framework method

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Undefined and unpredictable responsibility: a focus group study of the experiences of informal caregiver spouses of patients with severe COPD

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING 2016年第3-4期25卷 483-493页

作者： Bove, Dorthe Gaby Zakrisson, Ann-Britt Midtgaard, Julie Lomborg, Kirsten Overgaard, Dorthe Univ Copenhagen Dept Pulm & Infect Dis Nordsjaellands Hosp Dyrehavevej 29Bygning 10Plan 2 DK-3400 Hillerod Denmark Univ Orebro Univ Healthcare Res Ctr Fac Hlth & Med Orebro 31705 Sweden Univ Orebro Ctr Assessment Med Technol Orebro 31705 Sweden Univ Copenhagen Inst Publ Hlth DK-1168 Copenhagen Denmark Rigshosp Hlth Res Copenhagen Univ Hosp Univ Hosp Ctr Kobenhavn O Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Clin Med Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Publ Hlth Aarhus Denmark Univ Copenhagen Metropolitan Univ Coll Dept Nursing Res UnitNordsjaellands Hosp Copenhagen Denmark

Aims and objectives. To explore how spouses of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience their role as informal caregiver. Background. Informal caregiver spouses are of pivotal importance in the way that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cope with their daily life, including their opportunity to stay at home and avoid hospitalisations in the last stages of the disease. However, caregiving is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among caregivers. Further understanding of the role as an informal caregiver spouse of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is needed to develop supportive interventions aimed at reducing the caregiver burden. Design. The study had a qualitative exploratory design. The data collection and analysis were based on framework method. framework method is a thematic methodology and consists of five key stages: familiarisation, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, charting and mapping & interpretation. methods. Three focus groups were conducted in November 2013 with 22 spouses of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results. Undefined and unpredictable responsibility was found to be the overarching theme describing the informal caregiver role. Underlying themes were: being constantly in a state of alertness, social life modified, maintaining normality, ambivalence in the relationship and a willingness to be involved. Conclusions. The informal caregiver spouses experienced ambiguity about expectations from their private and the health professionals' surroundings. The informal caregiver spouses wanted to provide meaningful care for their partners, but sought knowledge and support from the health professionals. Relevance to clinical practice. We recommend that nurses take on the responsibility for including the informal caregiver spouses in those aspects of decision-making that involve the common life of the patients and their spouses.

关键词： caregiver burden chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decision-making focus group framework method nursing spouses

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Judging quality in peer research: a comparison of adult- and peer-led focus groups in a Kenyan context

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & method IN EDUCATION 2016年第1期39卷 92-112页

作者： Ngarachu, Fiona Wairimu Univ Southampton Dept Polit & Int Relat Social Sci B58Univ Rd Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

Peer research has been recognized as an important strategy. As with other qualitative approaches, one issue that is often raised is how do we judge the quality of such methods? This paper argues that one of the ways we can do this is by comparing the data collected through participatory methods with that collected with other research strategies within the same research context. This was done through a qualitative study which investigated student's attitudes towards ethnicity and politics in two secondary schools in Kenya. A research design was developed using focus-group discussions where half of the focus groups were led by an adult researcher and the other half by a student researcher. The paper will compare the data collected from these two kinds of focus groups using the framework method in order to illustrate that peer research produces high-quality data comparable to that collected using other means. Moreover, the paper will use reflections from the process to show that one other way that we can judge the quality of peer research is through the benefits that accrue not only to the peer researchers such as skills development but also to the adult researchers, for example greater reflexivity.

关键词： students as researchers peer research Kenya politics ethnicity framework method

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