Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a highly contagious and lethal disease in a vast range of carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. The study aimed to genetically investigate the hemagglutinin (H) gene and fsp-codi...
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Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a highly contagious and lethal disease in a vast range of carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. The study aimed to genetically investigate the hemagglutinin (H) gene and fsp-coding region of CDV isolates from vaccinated dogs. Phylogenetic analysis of the H gene and fsp-coding region showed that our viruses belonged to the Arctic-like lineage which was distinct from two commonly used vaccine strains (America-1 lineage strains) in Iran. Our data presented a high similarity between the H gene sequences of studied viruses. The multiple sequence alignment of the H gene of our viruses against vaccine strains revealed 91.3-95.6 % and 89.9-94.4 % in the level of nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively. Our finding identified a potential recombination breakpoint occurring between codons 520-607, along with three positive selection sites including residues 415,547, and 549 among the H gene using the Data Monkey platform. A significant variation of B cell epitopes was found in Hemagglutinating and noose epitope (HNE), with respect to America-1 vaccine strains. Moreover, the H genes of studied viruses had 8 N-glycosylation sites, which is more than the America-1 vaccine strains. Our results confirmed that the circulation of Arctic-like lineage may be a prevalent lineage. Despite widespread vaccination, it does not provide full protection against CDV infection. Due to antigenic differences between our viruses and commonly used vaccine strains, it seems a novel vaccine strain is needed to prevent and prepare full protection against Arctic-like CDV infection.
Canine distemper is a highly contagious systemic viral disease, with worldwide distribution that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. This study characterized full-length fusion (F) genes from 15 Brazilia...
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Canine distemper is a highly contagious systemic viral disease, with worldwide distribution that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. This study characterized full-length fusion (F) genes from 15 Brazilian wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) strains collected between 2003-2004 (n = 6) and 2013-2016 (n = 9). Using deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis, 14 strains were classified into Europe 1/South America 1 (EU1/SA1) lineage, with a temporal clustering into past (2003-2004) and contemporary (2013-2016) strains. One strain clustered to Rockborn-like lineage, showing high similarity (98.5%) with the Rockborn vaccine strain. In analyzed strains, the fusion protein signal-peptide (fsp) codingregion was highly variable at the aa level (67.4%-96.2%). The Brazilian strains were more fsp-divergent from the North America 1 (NA1) strains (24.5%-36.3%) than from the Rockborn (11.2%-14.9%) vaccine strain. Seventeen cysteine residues in the full-length F gene and four non-conserved glycosylation sites in the fspregion were detected. The results reveal that past and contemporary CDV strains are currently co-circulating. This first analysis of full-length F genes from Brazilian wild-type CDV strains contributes to knowledge of molecular epidemiology of CDV viral infection and evolution.
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