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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1995年第10期46卷 748-754页

作者： SIEVERT, MC MCKININ, EJ JOHNSON, ED UNIV MISSOURI J OTTO LOTTES HLTH SCI LIBCOLUMBIAMO 65211

The wide variety of full-text databases pertinent to medicine requires classification. The first distinction to be made is between those full-text databases which are full-text retrievable only and those which are both full-text retrievable and full-text searchable. The full-text searchable files may be further divided into four major groups: 1) The electronic version of factual books or directories;2) those which reproduce textbooks and reference books;3) the hybrid-often mixtures of full-text and bibliographic records;and 4) the full-text of medical journal articles. The software for searching full-text medical databases varies from vendor to vendor. More than 400 journal titles in full-text were available as of April 1995 but no one system contained all the full-text medical journal titles. Little research has been done on the efficacy of using full-text databases in the biomedical arena. The MEDLINE/full-text Project represents a multi-year effort to learn about the heuristics for searching full-text files of medical journal articles.

关键词： full text databases Higher Education Literature Reviews Medical Research Medicine Online Systems Online Vendors Relevance (Information Retrieval) Scholarly Journals Search StrategiesMedical Literature MEDLINE University of Missouri Columbia

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text windows and phrases differing by discipline, location in document, and syntactic structure

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1996年第6期32卷 747-767页

作者： Losee, RM Manning Hall CB #3360 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-3360 U.S.A.

Knowledge of window style, content, location, and grammatical structure may be used to classify documents as originating within a particular discipline or may be used to place a document on a theory vs practice spectrum. This distinction is also studied here using the type-token ratio to differentiate between Sublanguages. The statistical significance of windows is computed, based on the presence of terms in titles, abstracts, citations, and section headers, as well as binary-independent and inverse-document-frequency weightings. The characteristics of windows are studied by examining their within-window density and the S concentration, the concentration of terms from various document fields (e.g. title, abstract) in the fulltext. The rate of window occurrences from the beginning to the end of document fulltext differs between academic fields. Different syntactic structures in sublanguages are examined, and their use is considered for discriminating between specific academic disciplines and, more generally, between theory vs practice or knowledge vs applications-oriented documents. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

关键词： Classification full text databases Information Retrieval Intellectual Disciplines Mathematical Formulas Measurement Techniques Subject Index Terms Syntax text Structure Theory Practice Relationshiptext Organization Filters

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On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents: Measurement of retrieval effectiveness

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1996年第4期47卷 287-300页

作者： Ellis, D Furner, J Willett, P UNIV SHEFFIELD DEPT INFORMAT STUDIES SHEFFIELD S10 2TN S YORKSHIRE ENGLAND

An important stage in the process of retrieval of objects from a hypertext database is the creation of a set of internodal links that are intended to represent the relationships existing between objects;this operation is often undertaken manually, just as index terms are often manually assigned to documents in a conventional retrieval system. In an earlier article (Ellis, D., Furner-Hines, J., & Willett, P., 1994b), the results were published of a study in which several different sets of links were inserted, each by a different person, between the paragraphs of each of a number of full-text documents. These results showed little similarity between the link-sets, a finding that was comparable with those of studies of inter-indexer consistency, which suggest that there is generally only a low level of agreement between the sets of index terms assigned to a document by different indexers. In this article, a description is provided of an investigation into the nature of the relationship existing between (i) the levels of inter-linker consistency obtaining among the group of hypertext databases used in our earlier experiments, and (ii) the levels of effectiveness of a number of searches carried out in those databases. An account is given of the implementation of the searches and of the methods used in the calculation of numerical values expressing their effectiveness. Analysis of the results of a comparison between recorded levels of consistency and those of effectiveness does not allow us to draw conclusions about the consistency-effectiveness relationship that are equivalent to those drawn in comparable studies of inter-indexer consistency.

关键词： Correlation Evaluation Methods full text databases Hypermedia Information Retrieval Measurement Techniques Reliability Search Strategies Tables (Data)Free text Searching

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TELLTALE: Experiments in a dynamic hypertext environment for degraded and multilingual data

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1996年第4期47卷 263-275页

作者： Pearce, C Nicholas, C UNIV MARYLAND DEPT COMP SCICATONSVILLEMD 21228

Methods and tools for finding documents relevant to a user's needs in document corpora can be found in the information retrieval, library science, and hypertext communities. Typically, these systems provide retrieval capabilities for fairly static corpora, their algorithms are dependent on the language for which they are written, e.g. English, and they do not perform well when presented with misspelled words or text that has been degraded by OCR (optical character recognition) techniques. In this article, we present experimentation results for the TELLTALE system. TELLTALE is a dynamic hypertext environment that provides full-text search from a hypertext-style user interface for text corpora that may be garbled by OCR or transmission errors, and that may contain languages other than English. TELLTALE uses several techniques based on n-grams (n character sequences of text). With these results we show that the dynamic linkage mechanisms in TELLTALE are tolerant of garbles in up to 30% of the characters in the body of the text.

关键词： Character Recognition full text databases Hypermedia Information Retrieval Mathematical Formulas Multilingual Materials Optical Scannerstext Characteristics Free text Searching

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Affective and cognitive searching behavior of novice end-users of a full-text database

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1996年第4期47卷 276-286页

作者： Nahl, D Tenopir, C UNIV TENNESSEE SCH INFORMAT SCI KNOXVILLE TN 37996 USA

Novice end users were given 2 hours of training in searching a full-text magazine database (Magazine ASAP(TM)) on DIALOG, Subjects searched during three to four sessions in the presence of a trained monitor who prompted them to think aloud throughout the sessions, Qualitative analysis of the transcripts and transaction logs yielded empirical information on user variables (purpose, motivation, satisfaction), uses of the database, move types, and every question users asked during the searches, The spontaneous, naturalistic questions were categorized according to affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor speech acts, Results show that most of the searches were performed for the self and were work-related, The most common use of the database was to retrieve full-text articles online and to download and print them out rather than read them on screen, The majority of searches were judged satisfactory, Innovative uses included browsing for background information and obtaining contextualized sentences for language teaching, Searchers made twice as many moves to limit sets as moves to expand sets, Affective questions outnumbered cognitive and sensorimotor questions by two to one, This preponderance of affective micro-information needs during searching might be addressed by new system functions.

关键词： Academic Libraries Affective Behavior Cognitive Processes full text databases Higher Education Motivation Online Searching Periodicals Search Strategies User Satisfaction (Information) Users (Information)DIALOG Novices

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Project ISLA: A space/time/full-text/format search and retrieval system designed by end users

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JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 1996年第6期22卷 440-449页

作者： Hunt, LL Wegner, LS UNIV SO CALIF CTR SCHOLARLY TECHNOL119 LEAVEY LIB651 W 35TH STLOS ANGELESCA 90089 USA

This article discusses the role of end users in the design of a multi-format digital library project (ISLA) being developed at the University of Southern California Library for the study of the Los Angeles region. ISL... 详细信息

关键词： Academic Libraries Cataloging Computer System Design Electronic Libraries full text databases Higher Education Indexing Information Retrieval Information Systems Online Searching Users (Information)California (Los Angeles)Digital Data Time Oriented Data Geographic Information Systems California (Los Angeles) Spatial Factors Navigation (Information Systems) Digital Imagery University of Southern California

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Periodical ownership versus fulltext online access: A cost-benefit analysis

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JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 1996年第2期22卷 105-109页

作者： Hawbaker, AC Wagner, CK UNIV PACIFIC LIB EBERHARDT SCH BUSINESSSTOCKTONCA 95211 USA

This article compares the costs and benefits of periodical ownership against online access of a fulltext periodicals database in one academic library. A fulltext database allows the library to offer more than twice as... 详细信息

关键词： Academic Libraries Access to Information Comparative Analysis Cost Effectiveness full text databases Library Expenditures Library Materials Online Systems Ownership Periodicals Tables (Data)

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Agecon search: Research in agricultural economics–working papers on the internet

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Information 1996年第2期3卷 23-29页

作者： Rodkewich, Patricia M. Letnes, Louise M. St. Paul Campus Library University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 1984 Buford Avenue United States Department of Applied Economics College of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 United States

This paper discusses the building of a full text database of working papers produced by agricultural economics departments in U.S. universities. The authors propose to collect, index, and publish these papers on the Internet (WWW/GOPHER), making them searchable and immediately available for electronic transfer to the computer of any researcher requesting them. © 1995 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Agricultural economics literature Electronic publishing full text databases Gopher Information dissemination World wide web (www)

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Massive parallelism on the hybrid text-retrieval machine

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INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 1995年第6期31卷 815-830页

作者： Lee, DL HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL DEPT COMP SCIHONG KONGHONG KONG

The design of a high-performance, cost-effective, machine for retrieving textual data is discussed in this paper. High performance and cost effectiveness are achieved by a combination of low-cost hard disks, software filtering techniques, and a large amount of main memory. The discussion focuses on the signature processor, which is based on the partitioned signature file technique, and the mass storage system, which is based on a disk array. A performance evaluation on the individual system components, namely, the signature processor and the mass storage system, as well as the entire system is presented.

关键词： Access to Information Computer System Design Cost Effectiveness full text databases Information Management Information Retrieval Microcomputers User Needs (Information)System Evaluation Hybrid Technologies

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SGML AS A COMPONENT OF THE DIGITAL LIBRARY

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LIBRARY HI TECH 1995年第4期13卷 75-90页

作者： COLE, TW KAZMER, MM UNIV ILLINOIS URBANAIL 61801 USA

Working with documents in electronic format is inherently different from dealing with materials in print;nor can all electronic formats be considered equivalent. Processing and presenting SGML is not the same as processing and presenting materials in other markup or word processing formats. To maximize flexibility and extensibility, SGML is highly modular, which complicates implementation. Its emphasis on content structure rather than appearance enhances searchability but makes consistent and precise display difficult. Mechanisms used to maximize platform and software independence (e.g., entities, link protocols), though effective, can be used incorrectly or in ways difficult to implement on some systems or using certain software. Difficult questions remain for libraries planning to implement SGML.

关键词： Access to Information Document Delivery Electronic text full text databases Futures (of Society) Improvement Information Retrieval Online Searching Online Systems Screen Design (Computers) Users (Information)SGML Digital Libraries Free text Searching Historical Background

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