To achieve sustainability in the area of transport we need to view the decision-making process as a whole and consider all the most important socio-economic and environmental aspects involved. Improvements in transpor...
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To achieve sustainability in the area of transport we need to view the decision-making process as a whole and consider all the most important socio-economic and environmental aspects involved. Improvements in transport infrastructures have a positive impact on regional development and significant repercussions on the economy, as well as affecting a large number of ecological processes. This article presents a DSS to assess the territorial effects of new linear transport infrastructures based on the use of gis. The TITIM - Transport Infrastructure Territorial Impact Measurement - gis tool allows these effects to be calculated by evaluating the improvement in accessibility, loss of landscape connectivity, and the impact on other local territorial variables such as landscape quality, biodiversity and land-use quality. The TITIM gis tool assesses these variables automatically, simply by entering the required inputs, and thus avoiding the manual reiteration and execution of these multiple processes. TITIM allows researchers to use their own gis databases as inputs, in contrast with other tools that use official or predefined maps. The TITIM gis-tool is tested by application to six HSR projects in the Spanish Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan 2005-2020 (PEIT). The tool creates all 65 possible combinations of these projects, which will be the real test scenarios. For each one, the tool calculates the accessibility improvement, the landscape connectivity loss, and the impact on the landscape, biodiversity and land-use quality. The results reveal which of the HSR projects causes the greatest benefit to the transport system, any potential synergies that exist, and help define a priority for implementing the infrastructures in the plan. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper aims to develop a gis-based decision support system to help in improving the police personnel response to crimes. The system aids the police personnel to get critical spatial and non-spatial information. Th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467328234
This paper aims to develop a gis-based decision support system to help in improving the police personnel response to crimes. The system aids the police personnel to get critical spatial and non-spatial information. The system can identify the nearest police stations to the crime location, and also determine the shortest route from the selected police station to the crime location. Moreover, in case of the criminal escape, the system identifies the escape area and possible escape routes of the criminal, and the nearest police stations within the escape area. A geodatabase is designed to include data layers of major and minor roads, police stations and security centers. The development of the system is carried out using Arcgis 10 with network analyst and spatial analyst extensions. Arcgis provides its own application programming in the form of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to build the user interface. Results show that the proposed system is useful in rapid response and criminal tracking.
Off-road driving in logging operations began in Sweden in the 1960s. Those operations took place at final fellings during winter on prepared ice roads that protected the soil and mitigated possible soil damage. Today ...
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Off-road driving in logging operations began in Sweden in the 1960s. Those operations took place at final fellings during winter on prepared ice roads that protected the soil and mitigated possible soil damage. Today logging operations are fully mechanized and performed all year round. Thus forest strip roads may suffer severe impacts from off-road operations. Soil disturbances may have physical, chemical, biological, hydrological, and economic effects and affect the water quality. Similar problems are encountered in other regions, where driving occurs close to watercourses or vulnerable areas. The EU Water Directive has an impact on operations in forests, creating an incentive for improvements. Ongoing efforts in the design of vehicles and equipment are likely to improve operations. Soil damage can be avoided by applying gis-based planning techniques, and by taking advantage of soil radar-scanned and ground laser-scanned data sets, which would facilitate safer off-road driving to a great extent. A case study in southern Sweden revealed that the use of digital planning for the improvement of strip roads in order to avoid vulnerable terrain made forwarding of timber more profitable. Using elevation, slope, aspect and soil type digital layers, a model has been created in 'model builder' environment of Arcgis to build up a cost-index surface, which classifies the terrain suitability for driving into five different levels. Implementing distance analysis, the model designs the least costly roads connecting any desired destination to the landing point. The result of this study reveals that this kind of pre-planning tool can mitigate ecological damages to soil and water and at the same time it can also assist decision makers to evaluate different possible choices of road layouts regarding preserving sensitive regions in forest lands.
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