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Code review guidelines for gui-based testing artifacts

INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期163卷

作者： Bauer, Andreas Coppola, Riccardo Alegroth, Emil Gorschek, Tony Blekinge Inst Technol Software Engn Res Lab SERL S-37179 Karlskrona Sweden Politecn Torino Dept Control & Comp Engn Turin Italy Fortiss Munich Germany

Context: Review of software artifacts, such as source or test code, is a common practice in industrial practice. However, although review guidelines are available for source and low-level test code, for gui-based testing artifacts, such guidelines are missing. Objective: The goal of this work is to define a set of guidelines from literature about production and test code, that can be mapped to gui-based testing artifacts. Method: A systematic literature review is conducted, using white and gray literature to identify guidelines for source and test code. These synthesized guidelines are then mapped, through examples, to create actionable, and applicable, guidelines for gui-based testing artifacts. Results: The results of the study are 33 guidelines, summarized in nine guideline categories, that are successfully mapped as applicable to gui-based testing artifacts. Of the collected literature, only 10 sources contained test-specific code review guidelines. These guideline categories are: perform automated checks, use checklists, provide context information, utilize metrics, ensure readability, visualize changes, reduce complexity, check conformity with the requirements and follow design principles and patterns. Conclusion: This pivotal set of guidelines provides an industrial contribution in filling the gap of general guidelines for review of gui-based testing artifacts. Additionally, this work highlights, from an academic perspective, the need for future research in this area to also develop guidelines for other specific aspects of gui-based testing practice, and to take into account other facets of the review process not covered by this work, such as reviewer selection.

关键词： gui testing gui-based testing Software testing Code review Modern code review guidelines Practices

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A gui-based Metamorphic testing Technique for Detecting Authentication Vulnerabilities in Android Mobile Apps

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2025年 224卷

作者： Amalfitano, Domenico Junior, Misael Fasolino, Anna Rita Delamaro, Marcio Univ Sao Paulo Inst Ciencias Matemat & Comp ICMC USP Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Naples Federico II Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol DIETI UNINA Naples Italy

Context: The increasing use of mobile apps in daily life involves managing and sharing sensitive user information. Problem: New vulnerabilities are frequently reported in bug tracking systems, highlighting the need for effective security testing processes for these applications. Proposal: This study introduces a gui-based Metamorphic testing technique designed to detect five common real-world vulnerabilities related to username and password authentication methods in Android applications, as identified by OWASP. Methods: We developed five Metamorphic Relationships to test for these vulnerabilities and implemented a Metamorphic Vulnerability testing Environment to automate the technique. This environment facilitates the generation of Source test case and the automatic creation and execution of Follow-up test case. Results: The technique was applied to 163 real-world Android applications, uncovering 159 vulnerabilities. Out of these, 108 apps exhibited at least one vulnerability. The vulnerabilities were validated through expert analysis conducted by three security professionals, who confirmed the issues by interacting directly with the app's graphical user interfaces (guis). Additionally, to assess the practical relevance of our approach, we engaged with 37 companies whose applications were identified as vulnerable. Nine companies confirmed the vulnerabilities, and 26 updated their apps to address the reported issues. Our findings also indicate a weak inverse correlation between user-perceived quality and vulnerabilities;even highly rated apps can harbor significant security flaws.

关键词： Security testing Metamorphic testing Vulnerability testing Mobile testing Test automation gui-based testing

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Augmented testing to support manual gui-based regression testing: An empirical study

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2024年第6期29卷 140-140页

作者： Bauer, Andreas Frattini, Julian Alegroth, Emil Blekinge Inst Technol Software Engn Res Lab SERL Karlskrona Sweden

ContextManual graphical user interface (gui) software testing presents a substantial part of the overall practiced testing efforts, despite various research efforts to further increase test automation. Augmented testing (AT), a novel approach for gui testing, aims to aid manual gui-based testing through a tool-supported approach where an intermediary visual layer is rendered between the system under test (SUT) and the tester, superimposing relevant test *** primary objective of this study is to gather empirical evidence regarding AT's efficiency compared to manual gui-based regression testing. Existing studies involving testing approaches under the AT definition primarily focus on exploratory gui testing, leaving a gap in the context of regression testing. As a secondary objective, we investigate AT's benefits, drawbacks, and usability issues when deployed with the demonstrator tool, *** conducted an experiment involving 13 industry professionals, from six companies, comparing AT to manual gui-based regression testing. These results were complemented by interviews and Bayesian data analysis (BDA) of the study's quantitative *** results of the Bayesian data analysis revealed that the use of AT shortens test durations in 70% of the cases on average, concluding that AT is more efficient. When comparing the means of the total duration to perform all tests, AT reduced the test duration by 36% in total. Participant interviews highlighted nine benefits and eleven drawbacks of AT, while observations revealed four usability *** study presents empirical evidence of improved efficiency using AT in the context of manual gui-based regression testing. We further report AT's benefits, drawbacks, and usability issues. The majority of identified usability issues and drawbacks can be attributed to the tool implementation of AT and, thus, can serve as valuable input for future tool development.

关键词： gui-based testing gui testing Augmented testing Manual testing Bayesian data analysis

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AI in gui-based Software testing: Insights from a Survey with Industrial Practitioners 17th

AI in GUI-Based Software Testing: Insights from a Survey wit...

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17th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC)

作者： Amalfitano, Domenico Coppola, Riccardo Distante, Damiano Ricca, Filippo Univ Naples Federico II Naples Italy Politecn Torino Turin Italy UnitelmaSapienza Univ Rome Rome Italy Univ Genoa Genoa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031702440;9783031702457

In today's technology-driven world, there is a growing interest in leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to streamline software testing processes. Our research delves into gui-based testing, a prominent technique for verifying software functionality. Preliminary findings from our industrial survey of 45 respondents provide insights into the use of AI in gui-based software testing. The survey aims to understand how AI supports gui-based testing, the AI techniques and tools used, and the perceived advantages and limitations. The collected results suggest a diffuse yet superficial utilization of AI-based mechanisms among gui-based testers. Practitioners often employ AI techniques in a technology-agnostic way, treating commercial tools as black boxes. These findings underscore the need for additional research aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the AI techniques and tools employed in industry and their intended purposes.

关键词： gui-based testing Artificial Intelligence Industrial survey

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Investigating the robustness of locators in template-based Web application testing using a gui change classification model

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2024年 210卷

作者： De Luca, Marco Fasolino, Anna Rita Tramontana, Porfirio Univ Naples Federico II Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol DIETI Via Claudio 21 I-80125 Naples Italy

gui -based test -cases generated by Capture and Replay tools suffer from the well-known fragility problem: they may break even if small layout changes are operated in a Web application, without modifying the app functionality. An approach based on the automatic injection of HTML tag attributes named hooks in the source code of Web templates has been recently proposed to solve this problem. Such hooks allow the unique identification of gui items to be located during test case execution. This technique showed its effectiveness in a preliminary validation study, where it allowed to significantly reduce the number of test case locator breakages in regression testing of student -made Web applications. This paper presents a further validation study where we compared the robustness of hook -based test cases against state-of-the-art and state -of -thepractice techniques for locating gui objects. We proposed a three dimensional model for classifying different types of layout changes and used it to define a benchmark of realistic changes. Thanks to the model, we systematically compared the robustness of test cases generated by different techniques with respect to specific types of changes and studied the relationship between fragility issues and types of changes in different test case generation techniques.

关键词： Capture & Replay gui-based testing Regression testing Web application testing E2E testing Locators robustness gui change classification

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Towards a Model-Driven testing Framework for gui Test Cases Generation from User Stories 16

Towards a Model-Driven Testing Framework for GUI Test Cases ...

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16th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE)

作者： Granda, Maria Fernanda Parra, Otto Alba-Sarango, Bryan Univ Cuenca Dept Comp Sci Av 12 Abril S-N Cuenca Ecuador

ISBN: (纸本)9789897585081

In the software testing stage, it is possible to benefit from combining the requirements with the testing specification activities. On the one hand, the specification of the tests will require less manual effort, since they are defined or generated automatically from the requirements specification. On the other hand, the specification of requirements itself will end up having a higher quality due to the use of a more structured language, reducing typical problems such as ambiguity, inconsistency, and inaccuracy. This research proposes a model-based framework that promotes the practice of generating test cases based on the specification of Agile user stories to validate that the functional requirements are included in the final version of the user interfaces of the developed software. To show the applicability of the approach, a specification of requirements based on user stories, a task model using ConcurTaskTree, and the Sikulix language are used to generate tests at the graphical interface level. The approach includes transformations;such as task models in test scripts. Then, these test scripts are executed by the Sikulix test automation framework.

关键词： Test Cases User Stories Requirements gui-based testing Model-Driven testing

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High-Coverage testing of Navigation Models in Android Applications 12

High-Coverage Testing of Navigation Models in Android Applic...

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12th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Automation of Software testing (AST)

作者： Paulovsky, Fernando Pavese, Esteban Garbervetsky, Diego Univ Buenos Aires Dept Computac Buenos Aires DF Argentina Humboldt Univ Inst Informat Berlin Germany Univ Buenos Aires CONICET ICC Dept Computac Buenos Aires DF Argentina

In this work, we present a tool that systematically discovers and tests the user-observable states of an Android application. We define an appropriate notion of test coverage, and we show the tool's potential by a... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781538615485

关键词： Automatic testing Android testing gui-based testing

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Exploring the Presence of Technical Debt in Industrial gui-based Testware: A Case Study 9

Exploring the Presence of Technical Debt in Industrial GUI-b...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Software testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)

作者： Alegroth, Emil Steiner, Marcello Martini, Antonio Chalmers Dept Comp Sci & Engn SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781509036745

Technical debt (TD) is a concept used to describe a sub-optimal solution of a software artifact that negatively affects its comprehensibility, extendability and maintainability. As such, TD adversely affects the costs or quality associated with the artifact, which is also called interest. TD has through research been identified in all types of software artifacts, from architectural design to automated tests (Testware). However, research into testware technical debt (TTD) is limited and primarily focused on testing on lower level of system abstraction, i.e. unit-and integration tests, leaving a need for more TTD research on gui-based testing. In this study we explore this gap in knowledge through an industrial case study at a Swedish avionics software development company. Four repositories are studied for the presence of TTD using expert interviews, semi-automated document analysis and automatic metric analysis. Results of the study provide initial support that the concept of TTD is applicable to gui-based testware and show the presence of both TD items unique to gui-based testware and items common to software. The implications of these results are that engineering best practices must be established for gui-based testware to minimize TD interest.

关键词： Technical debt Testware gui-based testing Industrial case study

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