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When law and ethics come apart: Constraints versus guidance

NURSING ETHICS 2022年第6期29卷 1430-1440页

作者： Wilkenfeld, Daniel A. Durmis, Christine Univ Pittsburgh Sch Nursing Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA

The generally agreed upon principle that legality and ethics can come apart is frequently overlooked in our professional ethics education and decision-making procedures. The crux of the issue is that we teach in our philosophy classes that the law can sometimes be unethical, but then clearly state in nursing codes of ethics that students should always follow the law. The law could no doubt give us some reason to choose action A over action B, but in professional contexts we frequently treat the law as a side-constraint that limits the logical space of choices to exclude even consideration of action B. If B is the mandatory action, this in effect forces professionals to do something unethical by preventing them from ever seeing the ethical action as an option. This is a problem. Ultimately we concede that there might be an irresolvable tension in competing normative interests in ethics and the law, though we suggest that a more nuanced approach to ethical code formation could help alleviate the issue somewhat.

关键词： ethics nursing law constraints guidance codes

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The American Academy of Pediatrics firearm safety infographic improves firearm safety guidance: A qualitative study

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JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2022年第8期57卷 1630-1636页

作者： Johnson, Brittany L. Chen, Patricia, V Beckworth, Kristen L. DeMello, Annalyn S. Webb, Matthew W. Wesson, David E. Naik-Mathuria, Bindi J. Texas Childrens Hosp Baylor Coll Med Div Pediat Surg 6701 Fannin St1210 Houston TX 77030 USA Baylor Coll Med Dept Med Sect Hlth Serv Res Houston TX USA Texas Childrens Hosp Ctr Childhood Injury Prevent Houston TX USA Texas Childrens Hosp Baylor Coll Med Dept Pediat Houston TX USA

Purpose: Approximately 800 children annually suffer unintentional firearm injuries and deaths from unsecured firearms in the United States. These injuries are preventable, and may be avoided by providing parents with firearm safety guidance (FSG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of pediatric providers in delivering FSG following incorporation of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ***: Qualitative study completed July 2019-December 2019. Community pediatricians in Houston, Texas were provided the AAP firearm safety infographic and encouraged to provide FSG routinely during well-child visits with firearm-owning parents. Efficacy, feasibility of use and barriers to FSG were assessed via focus groups. Content analysis was utilized to identify emergent themes from provider ***: Forty-four pediatricians across eight clinics delivered FSG using the AAP infographic. Of these, thirty-four participated in focus groups discussing their experience. Only 34% of those in the focus groups had routinely provided FSG prior to the study. The AAP infographic was a useful tool because of its visibility, valuable information, and assistance with broaching the topic of firearm safety with parents. Three themes were identified from qualitative analysis: methods of successful delivery of FSG (62%), patient responses to FSG (25%), and barriers to delivery of FSG (13%). Parents were generally receptive to the ***: The AAP firearm safety infographic, which is free and publicly available, can be a valuable and satisfactory tool for delivery of firearm safety guidance by pediatric providers, including surgeons. Further study is needed to assess whether the guidance changes parental storage behaviors. Level of evidence: Level VI

关键词： Firearm Injury guidance Safe firearm storage Pediatrics

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Enhancing quality of scoping reviews in paramedicine research – guidance for authors

Paramedicine

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Paramedicine 2023年第2期20卷 35-37页

作者： Simpson, Paul Pap, Robin School of Health Sciences Western Sydney University Penrith Australia

Scoping reviews are an increasingly common method for conducting evidence synthesis in paramedicine. Over the past decade clear methodological guidance has emerged, adding rigour and credibility to this review approach. Paramedicine receives many scoping review submissions, and views these as valid evidence synthesis capable of helping the journal achieve its strategic vision and mission. However the Editorial Board has noted that submissions frequently fail to adhere to essential elements of scoping methodology and reporting standards. This editorial aims to provide guidance to authors regarding Paramedicine's expectations and requirements for scoping review submissions, with the hope of contributing to a greater understanding of scoping review science and enhancement of quality. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： guidance methodology Paramedicine quality scoping review

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Inclusion of nonrandomized studies of interventions in systematic reviews of interventions: updated guidance from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality Effective Health Care program

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022年 152卷 300-306页

作者： Saldanha, Ian J. Adam, Gaelen P. Banez, Lionel L. Bass, Eric B. Berliner, Elise Devine, Beth Hammarlund, Noah Jain, Anjali Norris, Susan L. Skelly, Andrea C. Vander Ley, Kelly Wang, Zhen Wilt, Timothy J. Viswanathan, Meera Brown Univ Ctr Evidence Synth Hlth Dept Hlth Serv Policy & Practice Dept EpidemiolSch Publ Hlth Providence RI USA Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual Evidence Based Practice Ctr Program Ctr Evidence & Practice Improvement Rockville MD USA Johns Hopkins Sch Med Dept Med Baltimore MD USA Cerner Enviza Inc Kansas City MO USA Univ Washington Comparat Hlth Outcomes Policy & Econ CHOICE Inst Sch Pharm Seattle WA USA Univ Florida Dept Hlth Serv Res Management & Policy Gainesville FL USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Portland OR USA Pacific Northwest Evidence Based Practice Ctr Portland OR USA Aggregate Analyt Inc Fircrest WA USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Dept Med & Clin Informat & Clin Epidemiol Portland OR USA Mayo Clin Robert D & Patricia E Kern Ctr Sci Hlth Care Deli Rochester MN USA Univ Minnesota Minneapolis VA Ctr Care Delivery & Outcomes Res Sch Med & Publ Hlth Minneapolis MN USA RTI Int Res Triangle Pk NC USA

Objectives: We developed guidance to inform decisions regarding the inclusion of nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) in systematic reviews (SRs) of the effects of *** Design and Setting: The guidance workgroup comprised SR experts and used an informal consensus generation method. Results: Instead of recommending NRSI inclusion only if randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are insufficient to address the SR key question, different topics may require different decisions regarding NRSI inclusion. We identified important considerations to inform such decisions from topic refinement through protocol development. During topic scoping and refinement, considerations were related to the clinical decisional dilemma, adequacy of RCTs to address the key questions, risk of bias in NRSIs, and the extent to which NRSIs are likely to complement RCTs. When NRSIs are included, during SR team formation, familiarity with topic-specific data sources and advanced an-alytic methods for NRSIs should be considered. During protocol development, the decision regarding NRSI inclusion or exclusion should be justified, and potential implications explained. When NRSIs are included, the protocol should describe the processes for synthesizing evidence from RCTs and NRSIs and determining the overall strength of ***: We identified specific considerations for decisions regarding NRSI inclusion in SRs and highlight the importance of flex-ibility and transparency.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// ***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Systematic reviews Nonrandomized studies Study eligibility guidance Interventions Effectiveness

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guidance for clinicians when working with refugees and asylum seekers

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INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY 2022年第6期34卷 578-587页

作者： Tribe, Rachel Farsimadan, Farkhondeh Queen Mary Univ London UEL Sch Psychol London England Queen Mary Univ London Ctr Psychiat & Mental Hlth London England UEL Refugee Mental Hlth & Wellbeing Portal London England

The contribution and role of psychologists, psychiatrists or mental health practitioners in working alongside forced migrants may take many forms. The guidance on which this paper is based, came about when several members of the British Psychological Society (including those with lived experience and insight and those who had set up services);became aware of the need for good practice guidance for clinicians working with refugees, asylum seekers including forced migrants across Britain. These guidelines cover a range of areas where clinicians work with individuals in clinical contexts, schools, nurseries, colleges and within community organisations.

关键词： guidance clinicians refugees asylum seekers

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Automatic In Flight Conflict Resolution for Urban Air Mobility using Fluid Flow Vector Field based guidance Algorithm 42

Automatic In Flight Conflict Resolution for Urban Air Mobili...

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IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Bilgin, Zeynep Bronz, Murat Yavrucuk, Ilkay Tech Univ Munich Inst Helicopter Technol Munich Germany Univ Toulouse ENAC OPTIM Dynam Syst Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333572

In this study, a vector field-based guidance algorithm is presented for tactical deconfliction in urban air mobility. The proposed guidance algorithm mimics fluid flow around obstacles to generate a vector field that guide vehicles through flight corridors while ensuring collision avoidance. The algorithm is flexible and can be tailored to fit the needs of current air traffic regulations. The conflict resolution and corridor following capability of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive flight test campaign. Flight tests are conducted in a scaled urban environment for two different scenarios: the conflict between of two medical drones in the same corridor and the conflict of an air taxi and a non-cooperative intruder. Both scenarios are tested on simple and complex shaped corridors using different corridor models, offering varying degrees of strictness and freedom of movement. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's ability to resolve conflicts and ensure safe navigation within designated corridors. The proposed guidance algorithm shows promise as a tool for tactical deconfliction and autonomous navigation in urban airspace.

关键词： Urban Air Mobility Vector Field guidance Advanced Air Mobility Conflict Resolution

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guidance differs between teaching modes: practical challenges in integrating hands-on investigations with direct instruction

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Learning: Research and Practice 2022年第2期8卷 96-115页

作者： Zhang, Lin Department of Elementary & Special Education Providence College Providence RI United States

Integrating scientific investigations into science instruction has been a global phenomenon. Particularly in the US, this emphasis has been suggested by the nation-wide science educational standards over decades. However, the details on how the integration could be carried out remain under discussed. The present study focuses on the integration of hands-on investigations with direct instruction and examines a high-school physics unit that incorporated both instructional modes. This study found that what was offered in the guidance and how it was offered differed substantially when teaching shifted between the two modes, which led to difficulties in the integration in teaching practice. This study provides suggestions and calls for studies to look into this issue. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： direct instruction guidance Inquiry integration NGSS

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Investigation of the Performance Characteristics of the Angle-based Proportional Navigation guidance Law 22

Investigation of the Performance Characteristics of the Angl...

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22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)

作者： Ozkan, Bulent Soylemez, Mehmet Turan Gazi Univ Dept Mech Engn Ankara Turkiye Istanbul Tech Univ Control & Automat Engn Dept Istanbul Turkiye

ISBN: (纸本)9781713872344

guidance commands generated by the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law which constitutes the most popular one among the guidance laws applied on the guidance munition fired against predetermined targets are in the form of linear acceleration or angular speed as dictated by the relevant engagement geometry. As a result of the studies in which notable linear acceleration- and angle-based guidance laws are compared, it is seen the lateral acceleration values obtained with the PNG law occur in a lower level than the results of the angle-based guidance laws. However, the angle-based guidance laws lead to lower final miss distances. In this study, the PNG law is so adapted that it yields angle-based guidance commands and then it is applied upon a short-range air-to-surface missile against a maneuvering surface target as well as the velocity pursuit guidance law that is nothing but a version of PNG law, linear homing guidance law, and body pursuit guidance law. After the computer simulations, it is observed that the angle-based PNG law produces smaller final miss distances compared to its original form. The resulting lateral accelerations are in admissible levels. Also, the engagement duration values with the target happen to be almost the same.

关键词： guidance proportional navigation guidance guided munition acceleration-based guidance laws angle-based guidance laws.

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Optimizing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for alcohol misuse-a randomized factorial trial examining effects of a pre-treatment assessment interview and guidance

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ADDICTION SCIENCE & CLINICAL PRACTICE 2022年第1期17卷 1页

作者： Sundstrom, Christopher Peynenburg, Vanessa Chadwick, Carly Thiessen, David Wilhems, Andrew Nugent, Marcie Keough, Matthew T. Schaub, Michael P. Hadjistavropoulos, Heather D. Karolinska Inst Dept Clin Neurosci Ctr Psychiat Res Norra Stationsgatan 69 S-11364 Stockholm Sweden Stockholm Univ Dept Psychol S-10691 Stockholm Sweden Univ Regina Dept Psychol 3737 Wascana Pkwy Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada York Univ Dept Psychol 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Univ Zurich Swiss Res Inst Publ Hlth & Addict Konradstr 32 CH-8005 Zurich Switzerland

Background: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for alcohol misuse has potential to radically improve access to evidence-based care, and there is a need to investigate ways to optimize its delivery in clinical settings. guidance from a clinician has previously been shown to improve drinking outcomes in ICBT, and some studies suggest that pre-treatment assessments may contribute in initiating early change. The objective of this study was to investigate the added and combined effects of a pre-treatment assessment interview and guidance on the outcomes of ICBT for alcohol misuse delivered in an online therapy clinic. Methods: A 2X2 factorial randomized controlled trial was conducted where participants received access to an 8-week ICBT program, and either a pre-treatment assessment interview (Factor 1), guidance (Factor 2), a combination of these, or neither of these. Participants were 270 individuals (66.8% female, mean age = 46.5) scoring 8 or more on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and consuming 14 standard drinks or more in the preceding week. Primary outcomes were number of drinks consumed and number of heavy drinking days during the preceding week, 3 months post-treatment. Results: Large within-group effects were found in terms of alcohol reductions (d(w) >= 0.82, p < 0.001), but neither of the factors significantly improved drinking outcomes. guidance was associated with greater adherence (i.e. completed modules). Conclusions: Neither a pre-treatment assessment interview nor guidance from a clinician appears to improve drinking outcomes resulting from internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for alcohol misuse when delivered in a routine online therapy clinic.

关键词： Alcohol Treatment Internet Cognitive behavior therapy guidance Assessment reactivity

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A Systematic Review of International guidance for Self-Report and Proxy Completion of Child-Specific Utility Instruments

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VALUE IN HEALTH 2022年第10期25卷 1791-1804页

作者： Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine Bulamu, Norma Lines, Lauren Chen, Gang Dalziel, Kim Devlin, Nancy Ratcliffe, Julie Flinders Univ S Australia Caring Futures Inst Adelaide SA Australia Flinders Univ S Australia Flinders Hlth & Med Res Inst Adelaide SA Australia Monash Univ Monash Business Sch Ctr Hlth Econ Melbourne Vic Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Parkville Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth Hlth Econ Unit Melbourne Vic Australia

Objectives: This study aimed to identify and summarize published guidance and recommendations for child self-and proxy assessment of existing child-specific instruments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that are accompanied by ***: A total of 9 databases plus websites of (1) health technology assessment and health economics outcomes research organizations and (2) instrument developers were systematically searched. Studies were included if they reported guidance for child self-and proxy assessment for child populations (0-18 years old). Three reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews against the inclusion criteria. Key features of the guidance identified were ***: A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, journal articles provided little guidance on child self-and proxy assessment, with the majority focused on instrument development and psychometric performance more broadly. Instrument developers' websites provided more guidance for child self-and proxy reports with specific guidance found for the EQ-5D-Y and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. This guidance included the minimum age for self-report and mode of administration;recommended proxy types, age range of child for whom proxy report can be completed, and target population;and recall period. Websites of leading organizations provided general guidance on HRQoL evaluation in children but lacked specific guidance about self-and proxy ***: EQ-5D-Y and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory developers' websites provided the most comprehensive guidance for self-report and proxy report of their respective instruments. More evidence is required for developing best practice guidance on why, when, and how to use self-and proxy reports in assessing HRQoL in child populations.

关键词： child guidance health-related quality of life proxy self-report utility-based

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