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Development of guidance Techniques for Regional Anesthesia: Past, Present and Future

JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH 2021年 14卷 1631-1641页

作者： Wu, Zehao Wang, Yun Capital Med Univ Beijing Chaoyang Hosp Dept Anesthesiol 8 Gongti South Rd Beijing 100020 Peoples R China

Regional anesthesia has been widely used in clinical practice. Over the past 30 years, various guidance techniques have been developed for regional anesthesia ranging from paresthesia progressing to neurostimulation and currently ultrasound guidance. Especially, the use of point-of-care ultrasound greatly enhances the success rate of regional anesthesia. However, the poor imaging quality of ultrasound in patients with obesity, fat infiltration, etc., limits the use of ultrasound. The combined use of ultrasound with neurostimulator, electromyography, pressure monitoring, etc. is advocated in order to facilitate regional anesthesia in this cohort of patients. The accumulated evidence has shown that the ultrasound combined with other techniques (UCOT) can help to solve the difficulties of puncture location caused by obesity, anatomical variation, and other factors when using ultrasound guidance alone. In recent years, with the development of medical image fusion and medical image artificial intelligence identification technology, guidance techniques for regional anesthesia have advanced considerably. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various guidance techniques for regional anesthesia developed in recent years and to guide their rational clinical application, this paper reviews these techniques, describing the progression from the early use of paresthesia to the latest UCOT, as well as the latest research on UCOT, and the prospects for the development of new guidance techniques for regional anesthesia.

关键词： guidance neurostimulation ultrasound regional anesthesia artificial intelligence

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Scientific guidance on the criteria for the evaluation and on the preparation of applications for the safety assessment of post-consumer mechanical PET recycling processes intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food

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EFSA JOURNAL 2024年第7期22卷 e8879页

作者： Lambre, Claude Barat Baviera, Jose Manuel Bolognesi, Claudia Chesson, Andrew Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro Crebelli, Riccardo Gott, David Michael Grob, Konrad Mengelers, Marcel Mortensen, Alicja Riviere, Gilles Steffensen, Inger-Lise Tlustos, Christina Van Loveren, Henk Vernis, Laurence Zorn, Holger Dudler, Vincent Milana, Maria Rosaria Papaspyrides, Constantine Tavares Pocas, Maria de Fatima Colombo, Gianluca Comandella, Daniele Lioupis, Alexandros Marano, Remigio Munoz Guajardo, Irene Pilar Savini, Elisa Sfika, Vasiliki Tsochatzis, Emmanouil Volk, Katharina Lampi, Evgenia

In the context of entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2022/1616, EFSA updated the scientific guidance to assist applicants in the preparation of applications for the authorisation or for the modification of an existing authorisation of a 'post-consumer mechanical PET' recycling process (as defined in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2022/1616) intended to be used for manufacturing materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. This guidance describes the evaluation criteria and the scientific evaluation approach that EFSA will apply to assess the decontamination capability of recycling processes, as well as the information required to be included in an application dossier. The principle of the scientific evaluation approach is to apply the decontamination efficiency of a recycling process, obtained from a challenge test with surrogate contaminants, to a reference contamination level for post-consumer PET, set at 3 mg/kg PET for a contaminant resulting from possible misuse. The resulting residual concentration of each surrogate in recycled PET is then compared to a modelled concentration in PET that is calculated using generally recognised conservative migration models, such that the related migration does not give rise to a dietary exposure exceeding 0.0025 mu g/kg body weight (bw) per day. This is the lowest threshold for toxicological concern (TTC) value, i.e. for potential genotoxicity, below which the risk to human health would be negligible. The information to be provided in the applications relates to: the recycling process (i.e. collection and pre-processing of the input, decontamination process, post-processing and intended use);the determination of the decontamination efficiency by the challenge test;the self-evaluation of the recycling process. On the basis of the submitted data, EFSA will assess the safety of the mechanical PET recycling process.

关键词： applications evaluation principles guidance mechanical PET recycling post-consumer safety assessment

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Preoperative guidance With Weight-Bearing Computed Tomography and Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Foot and Ankle Surgery

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HSS JOURNAL 2021年第3期17卷 326-332页

作者： Zeitlin, Jacob Henry, Jensen Ellis, Scott Weill Cornell Med New York NY 10021 USA Hosp Special Surg 535 E 70th St New York NY 10021 USA

The use of preoperative and intraoperative guidance in foot and ankle surgery has grown substantially in recent years. Weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) and patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) are used in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) to achieve precise bone cutting and implant positioning, and intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) imaging has been used to reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes in other foot and ankle surgical procedures. This narrative review of the literature focuses on the evidence supporting the use of WBCT and PSI in TAA and looks at other promising technologies used to guide foot and ankle surgery.

关键词： robotics CAOS basic science navigation guidance ankle arthroplasty

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Pop-GUIDE: Population Modeling guidance, Use, Interpretation, and Development for Ecological Risk Assessment

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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021年第4期17卷 767-784页

作者： Raimondo, Sandy Schmolke, Amelie Pollesch, Nathan Accolla, Chiara Galic, Nika Moore, Adrian Vaugeois, Maxime Rueda-Cediel, Pamela Kanarek, Andrew Awkerman, Jill Forbes, Valery US EPA Off Res & Dev Gulf Breeze FL 32561 USA Waterborne Environm Inc Leesburg VA USA Univ Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA Syngenta Crop Protect LLC Greensboro NC USA George Mason Univ Fairfax VA 22030 USA

The assimilation of population models into ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been hindered by their range of complexity, uncertainty, resource investment, and data availability. Likewise, ensuring that the models address risk assessment objectives has been challenging. Recent research efforts have begun to tackle these challenges by creating an integrated modeling framework and decision guide to aid the development of population models with respect to ERA objectives and data availability. In the framework, the trade-offs associated with the generality, realism, and precision of an assessment are used to guide the development of a population model commensurate with the protection goal. The decision guide provides risk assessors with a stepwise process to assist them in developing a conceptual model that is appropriate for the assessment objective and available data. We have merged the decision guide and modeling framework into a comprehensive approach, Population modeling guidance, Use, Interpretation, and Development for Ecological risk assessment (Pop-GUIDE), for the development of population models for ERA that is applicable across regulatory statutes and assessment objectives. In Phase 1 of Pop-GUIDE, assessors are guided through the trade-offs of ERA generality, realism, and precision, which are translated into model objectives. In Phase 2, available data are assimilated and characterized as general, realistic, and/or precise. Phase 3 provides a series of dichotomous questions to guide development of a conceptual model that matches the complexity and uncertainty appropriate for the assessment that is in concordance with the available data. This phase guides model developers and users to ensure consistency and transparency of the modeling process. We introduce Pop-GUIDE as the most comprehensive guidance for population model development provided to date and demonstrate its use through case studies using fish as an example taxon and the US Federal Insecticide F

关键词： Population modeling Ecological risk assessment Complexity Uncertainty guidance

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European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2024 guidance paper for the management of well-differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumours

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JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2024年第9期36卷 e13423页

作者： Lamarca, Angela Bartsch, Detlef K. Caplin, Martyn Kos-Kudla, Beata Kjaer, Andreas Partelli, Stefano Rinke, Anja Janson, Eva Tiensuu Thirlwell, Christina van Velthuysen, Marie-Louise F. Vullierme, Marie-Pierre Pavel, Marianne Fdn Jimenez Diaz Univ Hosp Onco Hlth Inst Dept Oncol Avda Reyes Catolicos 2 Madrid 28040 Spain Univ Manchester Christie NHS Fdn Dept Med Oncol Div Canc Sci Manchester England Philipps Univ Marburg Dept Visceral Thorac & Vasc Surg Marburg Germany Royal Free Hosp Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit London England Med Univ Silesia ENETS Ctr Excellence Dept Endocrinol & Neuroendocrine Tumors Dept Pathophysiol & Endocrinol Katowice Poland Univ Copenhagen Copenhagen Univ Copenhagen Rigshosp Dept Biomed SciDept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med & Clu Copenhagen Denmark Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Pancreas Translat & Clin Res Ctr Pancreat & Transplant Surg Unit Milan Italy Univ Hosp Marburg Dept Gastroenterol Marburg Germany Philipps Univ Marburg Marburg Germany Uppsala Univ Dept Med Sci Endocrine Oncol Unit Uppsala Sweden Univ Exeter Med Sch Dept Med Oncol Exeter England Erasmus Univ Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Dept Pathol Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Paris Saclay Paul Brousse Univ Hosp AP HP Dept Radiol Villejuif France Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Univ Hosp Erlangen ENETS Ctr Excellence Erlangen Dept Med 1CCC Erlangen EMN Erlangen Germany Univ Hosp Erlangen Deutsch Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI Erlangen Germany

Both the incidence and prevalence of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours from the small intestine (Si-NET) are gradually increasing. Most patients have non-functioning tumours with subtle GI symptoms and tumours are often discovered incidentally by endoscopy or at advanced disease stages by imaging depicting mesenteric lymph node and /or liver metastases while around 30% of the patients present with symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome. Adequate biochemical assessment and staging including functional imaging is crucial for treatment-related decision-making that should take place in an expert multidisciplinary team setting. Preferably, patients should be referred to specialised ENETS Centres of Excellence or centres of high expertise in the field. This guidance paper provides the current evidence and best knowledge for the management of Si-NET grade (G) 1-3 following 10 key questions of practical relevance for the diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.

关键词： guidance neuroendocrine small intestine treatment

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EAS Task Force gives practical guidance for combination lipid-modifying therapy in high- and very-high-risk patients

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2021年 329卷 32-35页

作者： Stock, Jane K. European Atherosclerosis Soc World Trade Ctr Goteborg Massans Gata 10 SE-41251 Gothenburg Sweden

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Fuel-Optimal Powered Descent guidance for Hazardous Terrain

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 6018-6023页

作者： Sheikh Zeeshan Basar Satadal Ghosh Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras India Room 222 CTC Building Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras India

Future interplanetary missions will carry more and more sensitive equipment critical for setting up bases for crewed missions. The ability to manoeuvre around hazardous terrain thus becomes a critical mission aspect. However, large diverts and manoeuvres consume a significant amount of fuel, leading to less fuel remaining for emergencies or return missions. Thus, requiring more fuel to be carried onboard. This work presents fuel-optimal guidance to avoid hazardous terrain and safely land at the desired location. We approximate the hazardous terrain as step-shaped polygons and define barriers around the terrain. Using an augmented cost functional, fuel-optimal guidance command, which avoids the terrain, is derived. The results are validated using computer simulations and tested against many initial conditions to prove their Effectiveness.

关键词： Aerospace Space exploration and transportation guidance navigation and control of vehicles Autonomous systems

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Investigation of the Performance Characteristics of the Angle-based Proportional Navigation guidance Law

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 7020-7025页

作者： Bülent Özkan Mehmet Turan Söylemez Mechanical Engineering Department Gazi University Ankara Turkey Control and Automation Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

guidance commands generated by the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law which constitutes the most popular one among the guidance laws applied on the guidance munition fired against predetermined targets are in the form of linear acceleration or angular speed as dictated by the relevant engagement geometry. As a result of the studies in which notable linear acceleration- and angle-based guidance laws are compared, it is seen the lateral acceleration values obtained with the PNG law occur in a lower level than the results of the angle-based guidance laws. However, the angle-based guidance laws lead to lower final miss distances. In this study, the PNG law is so adapted that it yields angle-based guidance commands and then it is applied upon a short-range air-to-surface missile against a maneuvering surface target as well as the velocity pursuit guidance law that is nothing but a version of PNG law, linear homing guidance law, and body pursuit guidance law. After the computer simulations, it is observed that the angle-based PNG law produces smaller final miss distances compared to its original form. The resulting lateral accelerations are in admissible levels. Also, the engagement duration values with the target happen to be almost the same.

关键词： guidance proportional navigation guidance guided munition acceleration-based guidance laws angle-based guidance laws

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guidance and Control of a Space Robot at Additional Launching and Approaching a Communication Geostationary Satellite 8

Guidance and Control of a Space Robot at Additional Launchin...

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IEEE 8th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace)

作者： Somov, Yevgeny Butyrin, Sergey Somova, Tatyana Samara State Tech Univ Nav Guidance & Control Samara Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175560

The problems of putting a space robot into a geostationary orbit using a combined scheme and its approach to a communication geostationary satellite are considered. With this approaching, the robot's attitude and orbit control system uses a plasma electric propulsion unit, a propulsion unit based on eight catalytic reaction engines with pulse-width modulation of their thrust, and a gyroscopic moment cluster based on four single-gimbal control moment gyroscopes. Simulation results on the developed discrete guidance and control algorithms are presented that demonstrate their effectiveness.

关键词： space robot additional launching geostationary satellite approaching guidance control

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guidance Law for a Surveillance UAV Swarm Tracking a High Capability Malicious UAV

Guidance Law for a Surveillance UAV Swarm Tracking a High Ca...

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IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

作者： Brown, Jason Raj, Nawin Univ Southern Queensland Sch Mech & Elect Engn Springfield Australia Univ Southern Queensland Sch Sci Springfield Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728194752

Significant research is currently focused on the issue of malicious UAVs or drones disrupting critical services (e.g. civilian airport operations). One mitigation is to track or pursue a malicious UAV back to its point of origin (and possibly its owner) using a swarm of surveillance UAVs. This becomes of particular academic interest when the malicious UAV has superior capabilities to the individual surveillance UAVs (e.g. in terms of maximum speed). In this paper, we deduce a guidance law (i.e. a rule for determining the direction of flight) for individual surveillance UAVs to maximize the tracking time of a highly capable malicious UAV. We then demonstrate the validity of the analysis using some examples with realistic contemporary UAV capability parameters. The significance of this research is that, in a networked swarm of surveillance UAVs which communicate with each other, if each surveillance UAV maximizes its tracking time, there is a higher probability that the next closest surveillance UAV can be in a position to assume tracking responsibilities when the malicious UAV moves out of tracking range of the original surveillance UAV. In order to demonstrate this, a simulation of a networked swarm of surveillance UAVs which track a high capability malicious UAV is undertaken under various scenarios.

关键词： UAV drone networking tracking pursuit guidance

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