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guidance and Control Law Design for a Slung Payload in Autonomous Landing: A Drone Delivery Case Study

IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2020年第4期25卷 1773-1782页

作者： Qian, Longhao Graham, Silas Liu, Hugh H-T Univ Toronto Inst Aerosp Studies Toronto ON M3H 5T6 Canada

This article presents a novel guidance and control design for a parcel tethered to a drone in its delivery mission. The proposed proportional-navigation-based guidance, integrated with custom-built control, enables to achieve autonomous payload landing. The novelty of the proposed method lies in two aspects: 1) the guidance law allows for soft landing and 2) the path-following control ensures the swing-free payload transportation that sets the solid foundation for landing. The development is verified by extensive simulations and further demonstrated by flight experiments.

关键词： Payloads IEEE transactions Mechatronics Drones Control design Trajectory Mathematical model Autonomous landing control drone delivery guidance

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Clinical guidance for e-cigarette (vaping) cessation: Results from a modified Delphi panel approach

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PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS 2023年 35卷 102372-102372页

作者： Zawertailo, Laurie Kouzoukas, Erika Dragonetti, Rosa Veldhuizen, Scott Selby, Peter Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth Addict Program Nicotine Dependence Serv Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Family & Community Med Toronto ON Canada 1025 Queen St West Toronto ON M6J 1H1 Canada

Individuals seek help to stop their use of e-cigarettes from their healthcare practitioners. However, there is a paucity of published work addressing e-cigarette cessation methods empirically, and what evidence that is available is weak. Therefore, we developed an expert informed clinical resource to guide practitioners helping their clients quit using e-cigarettes. We conducted a modified Delphi process between September and December 2021 to reach consensus on clinical recommendations for e-cigarette cessation. Expert and Peer Panel members (n = 28) voted and provided feedback on the recommendations through three rounds of structured surveys, a discussion board, and one intermediate survey. The penultimate knowledge products underwent usability testing and were finalized based on user feedback. The Expert Panel maintained a 100% response rate for rounds 1 and 2 and 96% for round 3;the Peer Panel achieved a 100% response rate for all three rounds of the modified Delphi process. Consensus was reach on 24 recommendations and 2 statements spanning eight domains: severity and dependence;general approaches;treatment approaches;dual use;pharmacotherapy strategies;behavioural therapy strategies;harm reduction;and relapse prevention. Two additional 'no agreement' statements that did not reach consensus are included in the guidance resource. The recommendations were also contextualized for the following groups: adults;youth;people who are pregnant, breastfeeding and/or chestfeeding;and people with mental illness and/or substance use issues. The recommendations listed in the resource provide general clinical guidance on e-cigarette cessation to assist healthcare practitioners in the treatment planning process.

关键词： Vaping E-cigarette Vaping cessation Dual use Smoking Combustible tobacco Addiction medicine guidance Delphi

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guidance on the assessment of the safety of feed additives for the users

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EFSA Journal 2023年第12期21卷 e8469页

作者： Bampidis, Vasileios Azimonti, Giovanna Bastos, Maria de Lourdes Christensen, Henrik Durjava, Mojca Dusemund, Birgit Kouba, Maryline López-Alonso, Marta López Puente, Secundino Marcon, Francesca Mayo, Baltasar Pechová, Alena Petkova, Mariana Ramos, Fernando Villa, Roberto Edoardo Woutersen, Ruud Brantom, Paul Chesson, Andrew Mantovani, Alberto Manini, Paola Pizzo, Fabiola Galobart, Jaume EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)

This guidance document is intended to assist the applicant in the preparation and the presentation of an application, as foreseen in Article 7.6 of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003, for the authorisation of additives for use in animal nutrition. It specifically covers the assessment of the safety for the users. © 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

关键词： feed additives guidance safety user

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Have changes in computerised tomography guidance positively impacted detection of cervical spine injury in children? A review of the Trauma Audit and Research Network data

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TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2021年第2期23卷 139-144页

作者： Nunn, Catherine Negus, Samantha Lawrence, Tomas Lecky, Fiona Roland, Damian Leicester Royal Infirm Paediat Emergency Med Leicester Acad PEMLA Grp Childrens Emergency Dept Leicester LE1 5WW Leics England Surrey & Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust East Surrey Hosp Redhill Surrey England Univ Manchester TARN Manchester Lancs England Univ Sheffield Ctr Urgent & Emergency Care Res CURE Sch Hlth & Related Res Hlth Serv Res Sect Sheffield S Yorkshire England Univ Leicester Hlth Sci SAPPHIRE Grp Leicester Leics England

Background: Clinically significant damage to the cervical spine in children is uncommon, but missing this can be life-changing for patients. The balance between rarity and severity leads to inconsistent scanning, with both resource and radiation implications. In 2014, the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence updated their computerised tomography neck imaging guidance in children. The aim of this study was to assess if the change in guidance had resulted in a change in diagnosis or imaging rates. Methods: A retrospective review of the national Trauma Audit and Research Network's data for computerised tomography spine imaging in children in 2012-2013 was compared to the same data sample collected in 2015-2016. Results: The percentage of children presenting with neck trauma who were imaged reduced from 15.5 to 14.1% with an increase in confirmed cervical spine injury from 1.6 to 2.3% between the two time periods. The specificity of computerised tomography scanning increased from 10 to 16.4%. There was variation in scan rates, with major trauma centres scanning a greater percentage of children of all ages and with all injury scores, than trauma units. Discussion: This study suggests national guidance can impact clinical care in a relatively short timeframe. Variation in how guidance is applied, with major trauma centres scanning proportionately more children with a lower yield, could be because scanning is more readily available, or because trauma protocols encourage more scans. Twenty per cent of injuries were not found on the initial computerised tomography, in keeping with previously reported data, because the injuries were ligamentous or cord contusion. This suggests a role for early magnetic resonance imaging in children with suspected spinal injury.

关键词： Computerised tomography spine children guidance

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Laissez-faire or guidance? Effective supervision of bachelor theses

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STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2021年第4期46卷 866-884页

作者： Strebel, Felix Guertler, Stefan Hulliger, Beat Lindeque, Johan Univ Appl Sci & Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHN Sch Business Riggenbachstr 16 CH-4600 Olten Switzerland

Bachelor thesis supervision involves a supporting goal and an assessment goal, requiring more guidance versus more autonomy and freedom for students, respectively. This paper tests the hypotheses that the final grade of undergraduate bachelor thesis is positively related to a supervisor's (a) guidance given to and (b) affiliation with the bachelor thesis student/project. To assess these hypotheses, undergraduate students at the FHNW School of Business have been surveyed for three years about their perception and satisfaction with bachelor thesis supervision. This data (n = 189) was combined with student grades before the thesis and their final thesis grades. Our results show supervision to have a measurable impact on the bachelor thesis outcome and most effective when focused on guidance related to goal definition and methodological support. In other areas supervision can, to a certain degree, follow a more laissez-faire supervision style.

关键词： Supervision affiliation guidance bachelor thesis quantitative research

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Artificial Intelligence: guidance for clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography professionals, a summary by the Society of Radiographers AI working group

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RADIOGRAPHY 2021年第4期27卷 1192-1202页

作者： Malamateniou, C. McFadden, S. McQuinlan, Y. England, A. Woznitza, N. Goldsworthy, S. Currie, C. Skelton, E. Chu, K. -Y. Alware, N. Matthews, P. Hawkesford, R. Tucker, R. Town, W. Matthew, J. Kalinka, C. O'Regan, T. Univ London Div Midwifery & Radiog Dept Radiog Sch Hlth Sci Northampton Sq London EC1V 0HB England Kings Coll London Perinatal Imaging & Hlth London England Ulster Univ Sch Hlth Sci Belfast BT37OQB Antrim North Ireland Mirada Med Oxford England Guys & St Thomas NHS Trust London England Keele Univ Sch Allied Hlth Profess Keele Staffs England Univ Coll London Hosp Radiol Dept London England Canterbury Christ Church Univ Sch Allied & Publ Hlth Profess Canterbury Kent England Somerset NHS Fdn Trust Musgrove Pk Hosp Beacon Radiotherapy Taunton TA1 5DA Somerset England Glasgow Caledonian Univ Programme Lead MSc Diagnost Imaging Glasgow Lanark Scotland Queen Elizabeth Univ Hosp MRI Specialist Radiographer Glasgow Lanark Scotland Univ Oxford Dept Oncol Oxford England Oxford Univ Hosp Radiotherapy Dept Oxford NHS FT England BHRUT NHS Trust King George Hosp London England Surrey & Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust Diagnost Imaging Dept Surrey England UHCW Coventry SABR Radiotherapy Lead Coventry W Midlands England Univ Derby Sch Allied Hlth & Social Care Coll Hlth Psychol & Social Care Derby England Dartford & Gravesham NHS Trust Dartford England Kings Coll London Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Sci St Thomas Hosp London SE1 7EH England Soc & Coll Radiographers 207 Providence SqMill St London England NHS Collaborat Strateg Programme Unit Cardiff S Glam Wales Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust Radiol Dept Nottingham England

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to be increasingly adopted in medical imaging and radiotherapy clinical practice, however research, education and partnerships have not really caught up yet to facilitate a safe and effective transition. The aim of the document is to provide baseline guidance for radiographers working in the field of AI in education, research, clinical practice and stakeholder partnerships. The guideline is intended for use by the multi-professional clinical imaging and radiotherapy teams, including all staff, volunteers, students and learners. Methods: The format mirrored similar publications from other SCoR working groups in the past. The recommendations have been subject to a rapid period of peer, professional and patient assessment and review. Feedback was sought from a range of SoR members and advisory groups, as well as from the SoR director of professional policy, as well as from external experts. Amendments were then made in line with feedback received and a final consensus was reached. Results: AI is an innovative tool radiographers will need to engage with to ensure a safe and efficient clinical service in imaging and radiotherapy. Educational provisions will need to be proportionately adjusted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to offer the necessary knowledge, skills and competences for diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers, to enable them to navigate a future where AI will be central to patient diagnosis and treatment pathways. Radiography-led research in AI should address key clinical challenges and enable radiographers co-design, implement and validate AI solutions. Partnerships are key in ensuring the contribution of radiographers is integrated into healthcare AI ecosystems for the benefit of the patients and service users. Conclusion: Radiography is starting to work towards a future with AI-enabled healthcare. This guidance offers some recommendations for different areas of radiography practice. There is

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Radiographer guidance Recommendations

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guidance, navigation, and control of Hayabusa2 touchdown operations

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Astrodynamics 2020年第4期4卷 393-409页

作者： Fuyuto Terui Naoko Ogawa Go Ono Seiji Yasuda Tetsuya Masuda Kota Matsushima Takanao Saiki Yuichi Tsuda Institute of Space and A stronautical Science Japan A erospace Exploration AgencyKanagawa 252-5210Japan The 3nd Space Technology Department Space System DirisionNEC CorporationTokyo 183-8501Japan

Hayabusa2 is a Japanese sample return mission from the asteroid *** Hayabusa2 spacecraft was launched on 3 December 2014 and arrived at Ryugu on 27 June *** stayed there until December 2019 for in situ observation and soil sample collection,and will return to the Earth in November or December *** the stay,the spacecraft performed the first touchdown operation on 22 February 2019 and the second touchdown on 11 July 2019,which were both completed *** the surface of Ryugu is rough and covered with boulders,it was not easy to find target areas for *** were several technical challenges to overcome,including demanding guidance,navigation,and control accuracy,to realize the touchdown *** this paper,strategies and technical details of the guidance,navigation,and control systems are *** flight results prove that the performance of the systems was satisfactory and largely contributed to the success of the operation.

关键词： small body exploration touchdown astrodynamics guidance navigation control

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Performance and acceptance when using tablets as a multiple document learning tool: do application and guidance matter?

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INSTRUCTIONAL SCIENCE 2021年第2期49卷 197-221页

作者： Lombard, Jordan Braten, Ivar van de Leemput, Cecile Amadieu, Franck Univ Toulouse Toulouse France Univ Oslo Dept Educ POB 1092 NO-0317 Oslo Norway Univ Libre Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

This study addressed whether an application adapted to working with multiple documents implemented in an iPad Pro tablet would promote students' multiple document comprehension and acceptance of tablets as a multiple document learning tool relative to controls who used a traditional application adapted to sequential reading of single documents. Results indicated that students using the multiple document reading application outperformed the control students in terms of comprehension and also worked more efficiently on the assigned multiple document task, but only if given explicit guidance in selecting, organizing, and integrating information by utilizing the functions of the application. Still, after task completion, the more effective and efficient students guided in using the functions of the multiple document reading application displayed much less acceptance of tablets as a multiple document learning tool than did the control students. We discuss possible explanations for this intriguing performance-acceptance paradox and suggest some avenues for future research in this area.

关键词： Multiple document comprehension Learning with tablets guidance Acceptance of tablets

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A rapid review of early guidance to prevent and control COVID-19 in custodial settings

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HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021年第1期9卷 1-17页

作者： Pearce, Lindsay A. Vaisey, Alaina Keen, Claire Calais-Ferreira, Lucas Foulds, James A. Young, Jesse T. Southalan, Louise Borschmann, Rohan Gray, Ruth Sturup-Toft, Sunita Kinner, Stuart A. Univ Melbourne Justice Hlth Unit Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth Level 4207 Bouverie St Carlton Vic 3053 Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Ctr Adolescent Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Queensland Mater Res Inst Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Otago Dept Psychol Med Christchurch New Zealand Univ Western Australia Sch Populat & Global Hlth Perth WA Australia Curtin Univ Natl Drug Res Inst Perth WA Australia Univ Western Australia Law Sch Perth WA Australia Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci Hlth Serv & Populat Res Dept London England Univ Melbourne Melbourne Sch Psychol Sci Melbourne Vic Australia South Eastern Hlth & Social Care Trust Healthcare Prison Belfast Antrim North Ireland Publ Hlth England Global Publ Hlth London England Griffith Univ Griffith Criminol Inst Brisbane Qld Australia Monash Univ Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med Melbourne Vic Australia

Background With over 11 million people incarcerated globally, prevention and control of COVID-19 in custodial settings is a critical component of the public health response. Given the risk of rapid transmission in these settings, it is important to know what guidance existed for responding to COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. We sought to identify, collate, and summarise guidance for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in custodial settings in the first six months of 2020. We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature, and manually searched relevant websites to identify publications up to 30 June 2020 outlining recommendations to prevent and/or control COVID-19 in custodial settings. We inductively developed a coding framework and assessed recommendations using conventional content analysis. Results We identified 201 eligible publications containing 374 unique recommendations across 19 domains including: preparedness;physical environments;case identification, screening, and management;communication;external access and visitation;psychological and emotional support;recreation, legal, and health service adaptation;decarceration;release and community reintegration;workforce logistics;surveillance and information sharing;independent monitoring;compensatory measures;lifting control measures;evaluation;and key populations/settings. We identified few conflicting recommendations. Conclusions The breadth of recommendations identified in this review reflects the complexity of COVID-19 response in custodial settings. Despite the availability of comprehensive guidance early in the pandemic, important gaps remain in the implementation of recommended prevention and control measures globally, and in the availability of evidence assessing their effectiveness on reducing COVID-19 disease, impact on people in custody and staff, and implementation.

关键词： COVID-19 Custodial settings Prisons Youth detention Immigration detention Forensic psychiatric facilities Prevention and control guidance Recommendations Rapid review

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guidance on interim analysis methods in clinical trials

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023年第1期7卷 e124页

作者： Ciolino, Jody D. Kaizer, Alexander M. Bonner, Lauren Balmert Northwestern Univ Feinberg Sch Med Dept Prevent Med Biostat Chicago IL 60630 USA Colorado Sch Publ Hlth Dept Biostat & Informat Aurora CO USA

Interim analyses in clinical trials can take on a multitude of forms. They are often used to guide Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) recommendations to study teams regarding recruitment targets for large, later-phase clinical trials. As collaborative biostatisticians working and teaching in multiple fields of research and across a broad array of trial phases, we note the large heterogeneity and confusion surrounding interim analyses in clinical trials. Thus, in this paper, we aim to provide a general overview and guidance on interim analyses for a nonstatistical audience. We explain each of the following types of interim analyses: efficacy, futility, safety, and sample size re-estimation, and we provide the reader with reasoning, examples, and implications for each. We emphasize that while the types of interim analyses employed may differ depending on the nature of the study, we would always recommend prespecification of the interim analytic plan to the extent possible with risk mitigation and trial integrity remaining a priority. Finally, we posit that interim analyses should be used as tools to help the DSMB make informed decisions in the context of the overarching study. They should generally not be deemed binding, and they should not be reviewed in isolation.

关键词： Interim analysis clinical trials randomized controlled trial guidance efficacy futility

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