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What guidance is there on portion size for feeding preschool-aged children (1 to 5 years) in the United Kingdom and Ireland? A systematic grey literature review

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OBESITY REVIEWS 2020年第7期21卷 e13021-e13021页

作者： Porter, Alice Kipping, Ruth Summerbell, Carolyn Dobrescu, Anca Johnson, Laura Univ Bristol Bristol Med Sch Populat Hlth Sci Oakfield HouseOakfield Grove Bristol BS8 2BN Avon England Univ Bristol Sch Policy Studies Ctr Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci Bristol Avon England Univ Durham Dept Sport & Exercise Sci Durham England Natl Inst Hlth Res Ctr Translat Res Publ Hlth Fus Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Univ Bristol Sch Psychol Sci Nutr & Behav Unit Bristol Avon England

Large portion sizes of food can lead to excessive energy intake and weight gain in young children. Although portion size guidance is available, parents are often unaware it exists. Our systematic grey literature review aimed to identify the portion size guidance resources in the United Kingdom and Ireland, aimed at users (e.g., parents and childcare providers) responsible for feeding preschool-aged children. We describe who the resources are aimed at, how they are informed and whether the recommended portion sizes are consistent across resources. Resources were identified via advanced Google searches, searching reference lists and contacting experts. Resources that provided quantifiable portion size information (e.g., grammes) were included. Portion sizes (g) were extracted and energy equivalents (kcal) were calculated. Portion sizes were analysed by food group and by eating occasion. Twenty-two resources were identified. Median portion sizes were consistent across resources for fruit (40 g [IQR = 40-50]) and vegetables (40 g [IQR = 30-40]). Variability was observed in portion size and/or energy content for dairy (60 g [IQR = 25-93]), protein (72 kcal [IQR = 44-106]) and starchy (41 g/71 kcal [IQR = 25-80/56-106]) food groups. The range in size of an average eating occasion was large (90-292 g). This review identifies resources that could help caregivers to choose appropriate portion sizes for preschool-aged children but also highlights how future resources could be improved.

关键词： food guidance portion size preschool

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guidance and counselling programme and overall adjustment of teenage mothers: Evidence from secondary schools in Kenya

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Open Psychology Journal 2020年第1期13卷 133-143页

作者： Opondo, Chirstian M. Aloka, Peter Jairo O. Department of Psychology Maseno University Kisumu Kenya University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Background: School adjustment is multifaceted that involves an array of demands varying in kind and degree which requires a variety of coping responses. Several teen mothers have been re-admitted to secondary schools in Kenya. Objective: The present study investigated the guidance and Counselling Programme and Adjustment of Teenage Mothers in Secondary Schools in Kenya. Methods: The study adopted ex post facto’s Causal-comparative research design. The target population of the study was 242 re-admitted teenage mothers from selected schools in Ugenya Sub County, Kenya. The sample size comprised of 138 re-admitted teenage mothers who underwent the counselling programme and 104 re-admitted teenage mothers who were integrated back to the school without going through the counselling programme. Academic adjustment Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Emotional Adjustment Questionnaire, Psychological Adjustment Questionnaire, Attitude towards guidance and Counselling Questionnaire were used to collect data. The questionnaires had a good internal consistency of minimum α = 0.78. The data were analysed by both descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, standard deviation and percentages, and inferential statistics such as multiple regression techniques. Results: The results of the study revealed that student mothers registered the highest rating in social adjustment and they recorded the least rating in academic adjustment. However, the findings of the study revealed that students who had gone through formal counselling generally registered higher adjustments than those who did not pass through formal counseling. The teenage mothers’ attitude had a mediating effect on the relationship between guidance and counselling program and the overall adjustment of teenage mothers. Conclusion: School principals should provide comprehensive guidance and counselling programs to ensure the holistic adjustment of teenage mothers in schools. © 2020 Jairo Aloka and Oponde.

关键词： Adjustment Counselling program guidance Kenya Secondary schools Teenage mothers

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Consensus guidance of nebulizer therapy for acute rhinosinusitis

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AURIS NASUS LARYNX 2020年第1期47卷 18-24页

作者： Ohki, Motofumi Hyo, Yukiyoshi Yoshiyama, Yuji Takano, Hiroshi Takahata, Junko Suzuki, Motohiko Takeno, Sachio Ogoshi, Toshio Suzuki, Kenji Takeuchi, Kazuhiko Naito, Kensei Haruna, Shinichi Fujisawa, Toshiyuki Yamaguchi, Sota Hotomi, Muneki Kawauchi, Hideyuki Kurono, Yuichi Kitasato Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Med Ctr Saitama Japan Kawasaki Med Sch Dept Otolaryngol Matsusima 577 Kurashiki Okayama Japan Kitasato Univ Sch Pharm Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan Doshisha Univ Biomicrofluid Sci Res Ctr Kyoto Japan Hirosaki Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Grad Sch Med Aomori Japan Nagoya City Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Nagoya Aichi Japan Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Hiroshima Japan Toho Kamagaya Hosp Chiba Japan Yonaha Gen Hosp Kuwana Mie Japan Mie Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Tsu Mie Japan Fujita Hlth Univ Principal Acad Nursing Toyoake Aichi Japan Dokkyo Med Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Mibu Tochigi Japan Fujisawa ENT Clin Nagoya Aichi Japan Toho Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Ohashi Med Ctr Tokyo Japan Wakayama Med Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Wakayama Japan Shimane Univ Dept Otorhinolaryngol Fac Med Matsue Shimane Japan Kagoshima Univ Fac Med Dept Otolaryngol Kagoshima Japan

The guidance deals with the recommended applications, procedures, and safety management of nebulizer therapy for acute rhinosinusitis. In Japan, nebulizer therapy for sinusitis has been covered by public health insurance since 1958 and has been commonly carried out nationwide. The Japan Society for Infection and Aerosol in Otorhinolaryngology and the Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan set up a working group to draw up a consensus guidance on nebulizer therapy for acute rhinosinusitis. The device for nebulizer therapy are classified into jet, ultrasound, and mesh types. In Japan, cefmenoxime hydrochloride (CMX) was approved for use in nebulizer therapy since 1996. The widening of the obstructed lesions such as large polyps prior to nebulizer therapy were recommended. The numbers of times of nebulizer therapy is recommended for three times in a week for at least for 2 weeks (cure rate: 68%, eradication ratio: 48%). Concerns should be pay for the changes of activity of medicine due to the mixing and bacterial contamination. Pseudomonas cepacia growing in a short even in both saline and distilled water leads to contamination at high concentrations by 2 days. Nebulizer therapy is an effective treatment based on a drug delivery system (DDS) to the nasal and paranasal cavities. The therapy effectively increases the local drug concentration by promptly and uniformly delivering drugs to a targeted local site. The therapy is safe with less systemic absorption and with few adverse reactions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： guidance Nebulizer therapy Acute rhinosinusitis

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August 2020 Interim EuGMS guidance to prepare European Long-Term Care Facilities for COVID-19

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EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE 2020年第6期11卷 899-913页

作者： Blain, Hubert Rolland, Yves Schols, Jos M. G. A. Cherubini, Antonio Miot, Stephanie O'Neill, Desmond Martin, Finbarr C. Guerin, Olivier Gavazzi, Gaetan Bousquet, Jean Petrovic, Mirko Gordon, Adam L. Benetos, Athanase Montpellier Univ Dept Geriatr Ctr Antonin Balmes CHU MontpellierMontpellier Univ HospPole Geront 39 Ave Charles Flahault F-34295 Montpellier 5 France Toulouse Univ INSERM 1027 Toulouse France CAPHRI Maastricht Univ Dept Hlth Serv Res Maastricht Netherlands CAPHRI Maastricht Univ Dept Family Med Maastricht Netherlands IRCCS INRCA Geriatria Accettaz Geriatr & Ctr Ric Invecchiamen Ancona Italy Ctr Rech Epidemiol & Sante Populat INSERM U1178 CESP Paris France Trinity Coll Dublin Tallaght Univ Hosp Ctr Hlth Sci Dublin Ireland Kings Coll London Populat Hlth Sci 1 London England Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis Dept Geriatr Med CHU Nice Nice France Univ Hosp Grenoble Alpes Dept Geriatr Med Grenoble France Univ Grenoble Alpes GREPI TIMC IMAG CNRS UMR5525 Grenoble France Charite Univ Med Berlin Dept Dermatol & Allergy Berlin Germany Humboldt Univ Berlin Germany Berlin Inst Hlth Comprehens Allergy Ctr Berlin Germany MACVIA France Montpellier France Univ Ghent Dept Internal Med & Paediat Sect Geriatr Ghent Belgium Univ Nottingham Div Med Sci & Grad Entry Med Derby England NIHR Appl Res Collaborat East Midlands ARC Nottingham England Univ Lorraine Dept Geriatr CHRU Nancy Nancy France Univ Lorraine Inserm DCAC Nancy France

Key summary pointsAim To guide LTCFs in preventing the entrance and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Findings The guidance is based upon the literature available on August 17, 2020. It lists (1) measures that can be implemented to keep COVID-19 out of LTCFs, and (2) COVID-19 symptoms that require RT-PCR testing in residents, staff members and visitors. It also (3) indicates the strategy to be used when a first LCTF resident or staff member is infected, and (4) proposes measures to limit adverse effects of the quarantine of residents tested positive for COVID-19. Message The EuGMS guidance enables LTCFs to adapt and suitably implement infection prevention and control measures, considering that the priorities are (1) early detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 residents, staff members and visitors who contribute to the entrance and dissemination of COVID-19 infection in LTCFs and (2) to limit the negative effects of isolation in infected residents. Purpose The European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) is launching a second interim guidance whose aim is to prevent the entrance and spread of COVID-19 into long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods The EuGMS gathered experts to propose a guide of measures to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCFs. It is based on the specific features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LTCFs, residents' needs, and on experiences conducted in the field. Results Asymptomatic COVID-19 residents and staff members contribute substantially to the dissemination of COVID-19 infection in LTCFs. An infection prevention and control focal point should be set up in every LTCF for (1) supervising infection prevention and control measures aimed at keeping COVID-19 out of LTCFs, (2) RT-PCR testing of residents, staff members, and visitors with COVID-19 symptoms, even atypical, and (3) isolating subjects either infected or in contact with infected subjects. When a first LCTF resident or staff member is infected, a facility-wide RT-PCR test-retest strategy sho

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 guidance Long-term care facility rRT-PCR Social isolation

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International expert consensus guidance on indications, implementation and quality measures for transanal total mesorectal excision

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COLORECTAL DISEASE 2020年第7期22卷 749-755页

作者： The TaTME guidance Group representing the ESCP (European Society of Coloproctology), in collaboration with the ASCRS (American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons), ACPGBI (Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland), ECCO (European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation), EAES (European Association of Endoscopic Surgeons), ESSO (European Society of Surgical Oncology), CSCRS (Canadian Society of Colorectal Surgery), CNSCRS (Chinese Society of Colorectal Surgery), CSLES (Chinese Society of Laparo‐Endoscopic Surgery), CSSANZ (Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand), JSES (Japanese Society of Endoscopic Surgery), SACP (Argentinian Society of Coloproctology), SAGES (Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons), SBCP (Brazilian Society of Coloproctology), Swiss‐MIS (Swiss Association for Minimally Invasive Surgery)

Aim To provide dynamic guidance from a rigorous and up-to-date consensus on the safe implementation and application of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) from an international panel of expert surgeons and educationalists supported by 14 international surgical societies. Method An adapted Delphi method and focus group discussion approach was implemented for this consensus process, with expert advice from a guidelines methodologist. Statements were generated focusing on three main topics relating to the safe implementation of TaTME: (1) indications, (2) quality and outcome measures, (3) training and implementation of TaTME. Results Five rounds of the Delphi consensus process were completed over a 13-month period. A total of 56 surgeons experienced in TaTME and surgical education participated in this project. By Delphi round four, 80.0% or greater agreement was reached for all statements except for two, which were further reviewed during a fifth round. More complex cases that are likely to benefit from TaTME were identified, with the recommendation that they should be referred to TaTME expert centres. The most agreed upon definition of expert centres is outlined. Conclusion We have provided a current framework of best practice related to implementation of TaTME. The statements are not indefinite and will continue to be 'dynamic' and updated as new evidence emerges.

关键词： Consensus guidance rectal cancer rectal surgery TaTME TME

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Optimizing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for alcohol misuse: a study protocol for a randomized factorial trial examining the effects of a pre-treatment assessment interview and health educator guidance

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BMC PSYCHIATRY 2020年第1期20卷 126-126页

作者： Sundstrom, Christopher Hadjistavropoulos, Heather Wilhelms, Andrew Keough, Matt Schaub, Michael Univ Regina Dept Psychol 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada Karolinska Inst Dept Clin Neurosci Stockholm Sweden York Univ Dept Psychol Toronto ON Canada Univ Zurich Swiss Res Inst Publ Hlth & Addict Zurich Switzerland

Background Alcohol misuse is a common, disabling, and costly issue worldwide, but the vast majority of people with alcohol misuse never access treatment for varying reasons. Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) may be an attractive treatment alternative for individuals with alcohol misuse who are reluctant to seek help due to stigma, or who live in rural communities with little access to face-to-face treatment. With the growing development of ICBT treatment clinics, investigating ways to optimize its delivery within routine clinic settings becomes a crucial avenue of research. Some studies in the alcohol treatment literature suggest that assessment interviews conducted pre-treatment may improve short- and long-term drinking outcomes but no experimental evaluation of this has been conducted. Further, research on internet interventions for alcohol misuse suggests that guidance from a therapist or coach improves outcomes, but more research on the benefits of guidance in ICBT is still needed. Methods This study is a 2X2 factorial randomized controlled trial where all of the expected 300 participants receive access to the Alcohol Change Course, an eight-week ICBT program. A comprehensive pre-treatment assessment interview represents factor 1, and guidance from a health educator represents factor 2. All participants will be asked to respond to measures at screening, pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment completion. Discussion This study will provide valuable information on optimization of ICBT for alcohol misuse within routine clinic settings.

关键词： Alcohol Internet interventions Cognitive behavior therapy guidance Assessment reactivity

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Catheter navigation support for liver radioembolization guidance: feasibility of structure-driven intensity-based registration

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY 2020年第11期15卷 1881-1894页

作者： Hammami, Houda Lalys, Florent Rolland, Yan Petit, Antoine Haigron, Pascal Therenva F-35000 Rennes France Univ Rennes CLCC Eugene Marquis INSERM LTSIUMR 1099 F-35000 Rennes France

Purpose The fusion of pre/intraoperative images may improve catheter manipulation during radioembolization (RE) interventions by adding relevant information. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate the performance of a RE guidance strategy relying on structure-driven intensity-based registration between preoperative CTA and intraoperative X-ray images. Methods The navigation strategy is decomposed into three image fusion steps, supporting the catheter navigation from the femoral artery till reaching the injection site (IS). During the pretreatment assessment intervention, the aorta and the origins of its side branches are projected on the intraoperative 2D fluoroscopy following a 3D/2D bone-based registration process, to assist the celiac trunk access. Subsequently, a similar approach consisting in projecting the hepatic vasculature on intraoperative DSA through 3D/2D vessel-based registration is performed to assist the IS location. Lastly, the selected IS is reproduced during the treatment intervention by employing 2D/2D image-based registration between pretreatment and treatment fluoroscopic images. Results The three fusion steps were independently evaluated on subsets of 20, 19 and 5 patient cases, respectively. Best results were obtained with gradient difference as similarity measure and with a delimited preoperative vascular structure for vessel-based registration. The approach resulted in qualitatively appropriate anatomical correspondences when projecting the preoperative structures on intraoperative images. With the best configuration, the registration steps showed accuracy and feasibility in aligning data, with global mean landmarks errors of 1.59 mm, 2.32 mm and 2.17 mm, respectively, a computation time that never exceeded 5 s, 25 s and 11 s, respectively, and a user interaction limited to manual initialization of the 3D/2D registration. Conclusion An image fusion-based approach has been specifically proposed for RE procedures guidance. The c

关键词： Catheterization guidance Registration Radioembolization Liver

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International surgical guidance for COVID-19: Validation using an international Delphi process - Cross-sectional study

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2020年 79卷 309-316页

作者： Beamish, A. J. Brown, C. Abdelrahman, T. Harper, Ryan E. Harries, Rl Egan, R. J. Ansell, J. Evans, T. Hopkins, L. James, O. Lewis, S. Lewis, W. G. Luton, O. Mellor, K. Robinson, D. Thomas, R. Williams, A. Swansea Univ Med Sch Swansea W Glam Wales Hlth Educ & Improvement Wales Sch Surg Ty Dysgu Nantgarw Wales Hlth Educ South West England Bristol Avon England

Background: International professional bodies have been quick to disseminate initial guidance documents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of firm evidence, these have been developed by expert committees, limited in participant number. This study aimed to validate international COVID-19 surgical guidance using a rapid Delphi consensus exercise. Methods: Delphi statements were directly mapped to guidance from surgical professional bodies in the US and Europe (SAGES/EAES), the UK (Joint RCS), and Australasia (RACS), to validate content against international consensus. Agreement from 70% participants was determined as consensus agreement. Results: The Delphi exercise was completed by 339 individuals from 41 countries and 52 statements were mapped to the guidance, 47 (90.4%) reaching consensus agreement. Of these, 27 statements were mapped to SAGES/EAES guidance, 21 to the Joint RCS document, and 33 to the RACS document. Within the SAGES/EAES document, 92.9% of items reached consensus agreement (median 89.0%, range 60.5-99.2%), 90.4% within the Joint RCS document (87.6%, 63.4-97.9%), and 90.9% within the RACS document (85.5%, 18.7-98.8%). Statements lacking consensus related to the surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopic), dual consultant operating, separate instrument decontamination, and stoma formation rather than anastomosis. Conclusion: Initial surgical COVID-19 guidance from the US, Europe and Australasia was widely supported by an international expert community, although a small number of contentious areas emerged. These findings should be addressed in future guidance iterations, and should stimulate urgent investigation of non-consensus areas.

关键词： COVID-19 Delphi consensus guidance Surgery

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guidance and Digital Attitude Control of Mini-satellites and Space Robots ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第13期54卷 369-374页

作者： Ye. Somov S. Butyrin V. Rutkovsky V. Glumov Samara State Technical University Department for Navigation Guidance and Control 244 Molodogvardeyskaya Str. Samara 443100 Russia Institute of Control Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences Department for Control of Moving Vehicles 65 Profsoyuznaya Str. Moscow 117997 Russia

The information mini-satellites (for communication, geodesy, radio- and optoelectronic Earth-observing et al.) and the free-flying space robots (used for servicing both the mini-satellites and manned orbital space stations as well as assembling the large space structures) have some principal problems with respect to their spatial attitude guidance and control. In the paper these problems are considered and obtained results are presented.

关键词： mini-satellite space robot guidance control

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guidance and safety systems for mobile robots 22

Guidance and safety systems for mobile robots

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR)

作者： Toderean, Bianca Rusu-Both, Roxana Stan, Ovidiu Tech Univ Cluj Napoca Automat Dept Cluj Napoca Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171661

The paper presents a guidance and safety system for mobile robots based on two sensors: Camera and LiDAR. This solution proposes the data fusion approach for a more robust and better obstacle detection. Both sensors, LiDAR and camera, have advantages and disadvantages. The aim of the fusion is to increase the quality of the obstacle detection by using the benefits of each sensor. The dataset obtained from the sensors is processed in order to implement the functionalities. Also, this paper proposes an architecture which is structured into levels and implemented with ROS so that the project is being distributed and modular.

关键词： mobile robots guidance safety obstacle detection lane keeping data fusion

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