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guidance document on the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for source tracking from a food industry perspective

FOOD CONTROL 2021年 130卷 108148-108148页

作者： Baert, Leen McClure, Peter Winkler, Anett Karn, James Bouwknegt, Martijn Klijn, Adrianne Soc Prod Nestle SA Nestle Res Route Jorat 57 CH-1000 Lausanne 26 Switzerland Mondelez Int Global Food Safety RDQ Linden 4Bournville Lane Birmingham B30 2LU W Midlands England Cargill Deutschland GmbH Cerestarstr 2 D-47809 Krefeld Germany Vion Boseind 15 NL-5281 MA Boxtel Netherlands

In 2019, a number of food companies came together in a workshop to share experiences on the use and implementation of whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in the food industry. Although the main benefits and high discriminatory power of WGS to differentiate isolates was well understood and acknowledged by participants, it was discussed that perhaps not all safety specialists in the food industry are familiar with terminologies, methodologies and interpretation of WGS technology. In order to address the knowledge gaps, a guidance document is provided here to help food safety and quality management professionals in the food industry in the understanding of WGS used for food safety. It also puts WGS in the context of other technologies used to characterize isolates and could be used as guidance to choose the appropriate technology for the intended purpose.

关键词： Food industry Workshop Interpretation WGS Food safety guidance

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State emergency medical services guidance and protocol changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A national investigation

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS OPEN

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS OPEN 2022年第2期3卷 e12687页

作者： Owusu-Ansah, Sylvia Harris, Matthew Fishe, Jennifer N. Adelgais, Kathleen Panchal, Ashish Lyng, John W. McCans, Kerry Alter, Rachel Perry, Amanda Cercone, Angelica Hendry, Phyllis Cicero, Mark X. Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Pediat Div Emergency Med Pittsburgh PA 15217 USA Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell Dept Pediat Sect Emergency Med New York NY USA Univ Florida Coll Med Dept Emergency Med Jacksonville FL USA Univ Colorado Sch Med Dept Pediat Sect Pediat Emergency Med Aurora CO USA Ohio State Univ Wexner Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Columbus OH 43210 USA Univ Minnesota Sch Med Dept Emergency Med Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Temple Univ Lewis Katz Sch Med Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Natl Assoc State EMS Officials Falls Church VA USA EMS Children Louisiana Dept Hlth Baton Rouge LA USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Pediat Sect Pediat Emergency Med New Haven CT 06510 USA

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on emergency medical services (EMS) and its guidelines, which aid in patient care. This study characterizes state and territory EMS office recommendations to EMS statewide operational and clinical guidelines and describes the mechanisms of distribution and implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in 2 phases. In phase 1, changes and development of COVID-19 guidance and protocols for EMS clinical management and operations were identified among 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 territories in publicly available online documents and information. In phase 2, structured interviews were conducted with state/territory EMS officials to confirm the protocol changes or guidance and assess dissemination and implementation strategies for COVID-19. Results In phase 1, publicly available online documents for 52 states/territories regarding EMS protocols and COVID-19 guidance were identified and reviewed. Of 52 (33/52) states/territories, 33 had either formal protocol changes or specific guidance for the pandemic. In phase 2, 2 state and territory EMS officials were interviewed regarding their protocols or guidance for COVID-19 and the dissemination and implementation practices they used to reach EMS agencies (response rate = 65%). Of the 34 state/territory officials interviewed, 22 had publicly available online COVID-19 protocols or guidance. Of the 22 officials with online COVID-19 protocols, all reported providing operational direction, and 19 of 22 officials reported providing clinical direction. Conclusions Most states provided guidance to EMS agencies and/or updated protocols in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 dissemination EMS guidance implementation pandemic protocol statewide

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Policies that Bind? The Use of guidance Documents by Federal Agencies

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Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 2020年第2期43卷 87-100页

作者： Haeder, Simon F. Yackee, Susan Webb The Pennsylvania State University United States University of Wisconsin–Madison United States

Each year, agencies issue thousands of pages of regulations through the notice and comment process. Given the extensive involvement of the federal government, the health and human services field is particularly affected by this kind of policymaking. Over the past decade, this process has drawn significant scholarly attention. However, policy creation via its close cousin—the agency guidance document development process—is largely unexplored within the fields of public administration and policy. Yet, over time, the utilization and importance of agency guidance has grown enormously. Indeed, in some areas, such as food and drug regulation, agency guidances are now the policy tool of choice for government regulators. This article provides an overview of agency guidance and its important role in the policymaking process. Additionally, it details an October 2019 U.S. presidential executive order on the subject, while also contextualizing the existing literature. The article then reviews select survey results drawn from a study of 41 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations—20 of which were promulgated using the notice and comment process and 21 via the guidance process—to further illustrate the topic. The results imply a clear need for additional quantitative scholarship to better understand the political and policy underpinnings attached to regulating via agency guidance documents, particularly as they related to health and human services. © 2020 SPAEF.

关键词： guidance Notice and Comment Policy Tools Regulation Rulemaking

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Providing Political guidance? Agency Politicization and “As If” Policymaking

Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy

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Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy 2020年第1期1卷 1-26页

作者： Potter, Rachel Augustine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA United States

Government agencies routinely make policies that affect the lives of citizens. I explore agency policymaking via guidance: sub-regulatory policies that can be issued quickly and quietly. Although guidance is not legally binding on external parties, agencies often treat it as if it were. This “as if” nature invites political opportunism, wherein guidance is exploited when agencies are politicized through presidential appointments. I demonstrate this argument empirically using a new dataset that evaluates agency guidance production at 29 agencies over a 10-year period. The results show that agencies are more likely to rely on the “quick fix” offered by guidance when they are highly politicized, and that this effect is exacerbated among the most significant forms of guidance. However, certain institutions like increased proceduralization can temper the bias toward political guidance. While often overlooked, the results suggest that guidance is an important venue for political maneuvering. © 2020 R. A. Potter.

关键词： Agency bureaucracy guidance policymaking politicization rulemaking

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Meaning Still Not Normative: On Assessment and guidance

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES 2020年第4期28卷 510-526页

作者： Reinikainen, Jaakko Tampere Univ Fac Social Sci Tampere Finland

Is meaning essentially normative, and what does claiming that amount to? One popular interpretation is that in virtue of their nature meanings are capable of guiding subjects in their applications of concepts, for meaning is constituted by norms. However, the guidance view has been met with criticism to the effect that if semantic norms constitute facts about meaning, then they cannot simultaneously guide subjects in their applications. In response, some normativist authors have proposed that the key sense of 'normative' in the claim that meaning is essentially normative is not 'guidance' but 'assessment'. In this paper, I shall argue that switching from guidance to assessment offers no respite from the anti-normativist argument that normativity in the sense of prescriptivity emerges not from meaning as such but from the attitudes of subjects insofar as the normativist is unable to offer a plausible account of what makes assessment appropriate.

关键词： Normativity meaning guidance assessment anti-normativism

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Impact of the 2015 NICE guidance for urgent assessment of patients with non-visible haematuria

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2020年第1期13卷 56-61页

作者： John, Joseph B. Wijeyaratne, Saliya Speakman, Mark Taunton & Somerset NHS Fdn Trust Dept Urol Taunton Somerset England

Objectives: To assess the impact of the 2015 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance for referral of non-visible haematuria (NVH) and to compare diagnostic findings in patients referred using 2005 and 2015 guidance. Patients and method: Review of the referral details and diagnostic findings for urgent NVH referrals was assessed over a 27-month period. Referrals continued to be received under 2005 and 2015 NICE guidance during this period, and the diagnostic findings from each pathway were compared. Results: The number of urgent haematuria referrals reduced by 34% over the 27-month period. NVH referrals fell from 144 in the first quarter to 30 in the last quarter. The transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) diagnosis rate was low in patients referred using 2005 and 2015 criteria (1.7 and 1.9% respectively). No muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) was diagnosed. There was a high rate of benign urological findings. Non-adherence to referral criteria was high in the 2015 pathway (56%). Conclusion: The reduction in NVH referrals following introduction of 2015 NICE guidance could allow resource re-allocation. Low adherence to referral criteria should be investigated. The absence of MIBC and low rate of TCC diagnosis is reassuring and consideration should be given to investigating NVH patients semi-urgently.

关键词： Haematuria bladder cancer guidance oncology cystoscopy

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Three-Dimensional Finite-time Suboptimal Nonlinear Impact Angle guidance 6

Three-Dimensional Finite-time Suboptimal Nonlinear Impact An...

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6th Conference on Advances in Control and Optimization of Dynamical Systems (ACODS)

作者： Nanavati, Rohit V. Kumar, Shashi Ranjan Maity, Arnab Indian Inst Technol Dept Aerosp Engn Intelligent Syst & Control Lab Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India

Interceptor guidance strategies are crucial in efficiently achieving desired terminal objectives. In this paper, a guidance strategy is proposed for interception of targets at pre-specified impact angle within finite time, by an interceptor in three dimensional space. The impact angle is defined as the azimuth and elevation of line-of-sight in the inertia reference frame, at interception. A suboptimal nonlinear guidance law is derived using the finite-time state dependent Riccati equation technique, for coupled engagement dynamics. The performance of the proposed guidance is tested for stationary and constant velocity targets using numerical simulations. (C) 2020, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： guidance impact angle non-maneuvering targets three-dimensional engagements

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Cooperative Distributed Navigation, guidance, and Control Systems for Autonomous Surface Vehicles with Different Physical Connections

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第16期54卷 208-215页

作者： Johanna Noria Brecher Enrica Zereik Marco Bibuli Matthias Loth Thomas Glotzbach Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Giessen Germany Justus Liebig University Faculty 07 - Mathematics and Computer Science Physics Geography Giessen Germany Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto di Ingegneria del Mare (CNR-INM) Genoa Italy

In the paper, we describe our studies to realize a control algorithm for distributed marine robots with rigid/elastic mechanical constraints between them. The work is carried out in the framework of the EUMR TNA project DINGOS. Our strategy follows the line to adapt conventional cooperative path-following algorithms from literature to the described problem in order to start to extend the concept of DP3, currently related to Dynamic Positioning, to the phase of motion along a path of a vessel. The usability of different concepts is evaluated following some well-defined quality criteria in a kinematic simulation.

关键词： Maritime robotics (underwater surface aerial) Cooperative navigation control guidance navigation control (GNC) of unmanned marine vehicles (surface underwater) Autonomous remotely operated (surface underwater) marine vessels Marine swarms of heterogeneous agents

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Reinforcing DevOps Generic Process with a guidance Based on the Basic Profile of ISO/IEC 29110 8th

Reinforcing DevOps Generic Process with a Guidance Based on ...

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International Conference on Software Process Improvement (CIMPS)

作者： Munoz, Mirna Negrete, Mario Ctr Invest Matemat Parque QuantumAve LassecManzana 3Lote 7 Zacatecas 98160 Zacatecas Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783030335472;9783030335465

Nowadays customers are expecting faster feedback and changes related to issues or feature requests but providing a solution to this need, therefore organizations such as IBM, Facebook and Firefox are implementing DevOps practices. However, even when information about DevOps, such as principles, practices, suggestions or even a maturity or capability model, could be find in many sources containing, there is not a guidance on how to adopt and implement it. This fact becomes very important to achieve a reinforcement or evolution of the software development process and its implementation, according to the specific needs of an organization. As result of this lack of guidance, many authors have different understanding about what means the implementation of DevOps practices, causing confusion and an overwhelming situation among team within an organization regarding to the technology, processes or adoption of such practices. To provide a solution of the actual situation, this paper presents a guideline that allows the establishment of a generic DevOps process proposed, which aims to achieve the implementation of a DevOps approach reinforced with the proven practices of the Basic profile of the ISO/IEC 29110. Besides, it enables the organization to achieve a definition or improvement of process, roles and work products involved in a DevOps environment in an easy way.

关键词： DevOps guidance ISO/IEC 29110 Software Implementation process

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Joint guidance from SGEI, ISG and INASL for Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists on the Prevention, Care, and Management of Patients With COVID-19

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY 2020年第3期10卷 266-270页

作者： Philip, Mathew Lakhtakia, Sundeep Aggarwal, Rakesh Madan, Kaushal Saraswat, Vivek Makharia, Govind Lisie Hosp Kochi Kerala India Asian Inst Gastroenterol Hyderabad India JIPMER Pondicherry India Max Smart Super Special Hosp New Delhi India Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci SGPGIMS Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India AIIMS New Delhi India Lisie Hosp Lisie Inst Gastroenterol Kochi Kerala India

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a pandemic leading to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver.

关键词： COVID-19 guidance endoscopy liver India

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