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Scientific and technical guidance for the preparation and presentation of a dossier for evaluation of an infant and/or follow-on formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates (Revision 1)

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EFSA JOURNAL 2021年第3期19卷 e06556页

作者： Turck, Dominique Bresson, Jean-Louis Burlingame, Barbara Dean, Tara Fairweather-Tait, Susan Heinonen, Marina Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico Mangelsdorf, Inge McArdle, Harry J. Naska, Androniki Neuhauser-Berthold, Monika Nowicka, Grazyna Pentieva, Kristina Sanz, Yolanda Sjodin, Anders Stern, Martin Tome, Daniel Van Loveren, Henk Vinceti, Marco Willatts, Peter Fewtrell, Mary Przyrembel, Hildegard Titz, Ariane Martinez, Silvia Valtuena EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to provide scientific and technical guidance for the preparation and presentation of a dossier for evaluation of an infant and/or follow-on formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates. This guidance document addresses the information and data to be submitted to EFSA on infant and follow-on formulae manufactured from protein hydrolysates with respect to the nutritional safety and suitability of the specific formula and/or the formula's efficacy in reducing the risk of developing allergy to milk proteins. The guidance will be further reviewed and updated with the experience gained from the evaluation of specific dossiers, and in the light of applicable Union guidelines and legislation. The guidance was adopted by the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on 5 April 2017. Upon request from the European Commission in 2020, it has been revised to inform food business operators of the new provisions in the pre-submission phase and in the procedure set out in the General Food Law, as amended by the Transparency Regulation. This revised guidance applies to all dossiers submitted as of 27 March 2021 and shall be consulted for the preparation of dossiers intended to be submitted from that date onwards. For dossiers submitted prior to 27 March 2021, the previous guidance, published in May 2017 remains applicable. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

关键词： protein hydrolysates infant formula follow-on-formula guidance food allergy milk proteins

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Use of COVID-19 evidence in humanitarian settings: the need for dynamic guidance adapted to changing humanitarian crisis contexts

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CONFLICT AND HEALTH 2021年第1期15卷 83-83页

作者： Odlum, Alex James, Rosemary Mahieu, Audrey Blanchet, Karl Altare, Chiara Singh, Neha Spiegel, Paul Geneva Ctr Humanitarian Studies Blvd Pont Arve 28 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Humanitarian Hlth Baltimore MD USA London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Hlth Humanitarian Crises Ctr London England

Background For humanitarian organisations to respond effectively to complex crises, they require access to up-to-date evidence-based guidance. The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of updating global guidance to context-specific and evolving needs in humanitarian settings. Our study aimed to understand the use of evidence-based guidance in humanitarian responses during COVID-19. Primary data collected during the rapidly evolving pandemic sheds new light on evidence-use processes in humanitarian response. Methods We collected and analysed COVID-19 guidance documents, and conducted semi-structured interviews remotely with a variety of humanitarian organisations responding and adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the COVID-19 Humanitarian platform, a website established by three universities in March 2020, to solicit, collate and document these experiences and knowledge. Results We analysed 131 guidance documents and conducted 80 interviews with humanitarian organisations, generating 61 published field experiences. Although COVID-19 guidance was quickly developed and disseminated in the initial phases of the crisis (from January to May 2020), updates or ongoing revision of the guidance has been limited. Interviews conducted between April and September 2020 showed that humanitarian organisations have responded to COVID-19 in innovative and context-specific ways, but have often had to adapt existing guidance to inform their operations in complex humanitarian settings. Conclusions Experiences from the field indicate that humanitarian organisations consulted guidance to respond and adapt to COVID-19, but whether referring to available guidance indicates evidence use depends on its accessibility, coherence, contextual relevance and trustworthiness. Feedback loops through online platforms like the COVID-19 Humanitarian platform that relay details of these evidence-use processes to global guidance setters could improve future humanitarian response.

关键词： COVID-19 Humanitarian Evidence guidance Online platform

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PantoGuide: A Haptic and Audio guidance System To Support Tactile Graphics Exploration 20

PantoGuide: A Haptic and Audio Guidance System To Support Ta...

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22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

作者： Chase, Elyse D. Z. Siu, Alexa Fay Boadi-Agyemang, Abena Kim, Gene S-H Gonzalez, Eric J. Follmer, Sean Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371032

The ability to effectively read and interpret tactile graphics and charts is an essential part of a tactile learner's path to literacy, but is a skill that requires instruction and training. Many teachers of the visual impaired (TVIs) report that blind and visually impaired students have trouble interpreting graphics independently without individual instruction. We present PantoGuide, a low-cost system that provides audio and haptic guidance, via skin-stretch feedback to the dorsum of a user's hand while the user explores a tactile graphic overlaid on a touchscreen. This system allows programming of haptic guidance patterns and cues for tactile graphics that can be experienced by students learning remotely or that can be reviewed by a student independently. We propose two teaching scenarios (synchronous and asynchronous) and two guidance interactions (point-to-point and continuous) that the device can support - and demonstrate their use in a set of applications we co-design with one co-author who is blind and a tactile graphics user.

关键词： haptics guidance tactile graphics wearable skin-stretch feedback

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The SCCS Notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetic ingredients and their safety evaluation, 11th revision, 30-31 March 2021, SCCS/1628/21

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REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021年 127卷 105052-105052页

作者： Bernauer, Ulrike Bodin, Laurent Chaudhry, Qasim Coenraads, Pieter Jan Dusinska, Maria Ezendam, Janine Gaffet, Eric Galli, Corrado L. Granum, Berit Panteri, Eirini Rapporteur, Vera Rogiers Rousselle, Christophe Stepnik, Maciej Vanhaecke, Tamara Wijnhoven, Susan Koutsodimou, Aglaia Uter, W. von Goetz, Natalie [a]Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Berlin Germany [b]Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) Saclay France [c]University of Chester Chester UK [d]University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands [e]Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Kjeller Norway [f]National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven the Netherlands [g]Institute Jean Lamour (UMR 7198 CNRS – Université de Lorraine) Nancy France [h]Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Milan Italy [i]Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway [j]National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Athens Greece [k]Vrije Universiteit Brussels Belgium [l]French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) International and European Affairs Department France [m]Qsar Lab Ltd. Gdańsk Poland [n]Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium [o]RIVM Centre for Safety of Substances and Products (VSP) Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment (SIR) Bilthoven the Netherlands [p]General Chemical State Laboratory Greece [q]University of Erlangen/Nürnberg Germany [r]Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) Switzerland

The "SCCS Notes of guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 11 th Revision" (SCCS/1628/21) contains relevant and updated information on the different aspects of testing and safety evaluation of cosmetic substances in Europe. The emphasis is on cosmetic ingredients for which a concern has been expressed for human health. Indirectly, the guidance also provides some advice on the safety of finished products. A general aim is to improve harmonised compliance with the current cosmetic EU legislation, Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, for which animal testing and marketing bans fully apply from 2013 onwards. This means that no in vivo testing of ingredients or finished products is allowed in Europe for the purpose of cosmetics. For this reason, the SCCS has closely followed the progress made in regard to the development and validation of alternative replacement methods, also referred to as new approach methodology (NAM). The "SCCS Notes of guidance" are regularly revised and updated in order to incorporate progress made and experience gained over time, in particular on the use of NAMs, and the new methods and data that became available since previous revision (SCCS/1602/18) formed the basis of the current (11 th) Revision.

关键词： SCCS SCCS Notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetic ingredients and their safety evaluation 11th revision SCCS 1628 21 Alternative method NAM New approach methodology Risk assessment NGRA Next generation risk assessment Cosmetics guidance

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Effects of gunfire location information and guidance on improving survival in virtual mass shooting events

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2021年 64卷 102505-102505页

作者： Lu, X. Astur, R. Gifford, T. Univ Connecticut Elect & Comp Engn Dept 371 Fairfield WayUnit 4157 Mansfield CT 06269 USA Univ Connecticut Psychol Sci Dept 406 Babbidge RdUnit 1020 Mansfield CT 06269 USA Univ Connecticut Inst Collaborat Hlth Intervent & Policy 2006 Hillside RdUnit 1248 Mansfield CT 06269 USA

Mass shooting events threaten people's safety with growing frequency and casualties. However, occupants may have difficulties behaving properly for survival because of a lack of information. Although gunfire locations and emergency guidance can be provided to occupants by technological advances, the effects of providing such information and guidance are unclear because occupants' survival-related behaviors are complicated and might be influenced by social cues and other factors. In this paper, the effects of providing the information and guidance on occupants' survivability are studied in a virtual reality experiment, and it is found that participants were more likely to survive if information about a shooter's gunfire location was provided than not. To obtain generalizable findings, participants' behavior of looking for the shooter is identified by examining their visual information, and results show that providing the information could shorten the time length of looking at the shooter. However, it remains to be determined how participants utilized the information about shooter's positions to select a safe route. This was addressed by testing different hypotheses through contrasting the goodness of fit for each hypothesized model. The results suggest that participants tend to predict the shooter's movement with the information they perceived. Furthermore, it is revealed that social influences affected participants who might follow others and collide with them, and such influences were weakened by providing information. These results suggest that providing gunfire locations can indeed improve occupants' survivability, comparing to the case with no information provided.

关键词： Mass shooting events Virtual reality Gunfire location information guidance

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Maximal admissible mode decision delay in terminal guidance

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第8期32卷 1959-1966页

作者： Shengwen XIANG Tiancheng LI Wei CHEN Hongqi FAN Qiang FU National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR College of Electronic ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Science University of SalamancaSalamanca 37008Spain Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Airborne Guided Weapons China Airborne Missile AcademyLuoyang 471009China

Mode decision-maker is a critical component in the logic-based Integrated Estimation and guidance(IEG) system. For the best possible estimation and guidance performance, the mode decision delay of the mode decision-maker should be limited to a range as small as possible. This paper presents a numerical method for computing the maximal admissible mode decision delay that varies with time-to-go. Particular attention has been paid to highly maneuvering target interception in terminal guidance. The results of this research offer useful guidelines for the design of the mode decision-maker in IEG systems.

关键词： Highly maneuvering target interception Integrated Estimation and guidance Maximal admissible mode decision delay Mode decision-maker Numerical methods

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A software platform for vision-based UAV autonomous landing guidance based on markers estimation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1825-1836页

作者： XU XiaoBin WANG Zhao DENG YiMin Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang University

The paper concentrated on descripting the methods of UAV autonomous landing on moving target. GPS navigation and visionbased navigation were employed during different stage of autonomous landing in the simulation environment and virtual *** markers estimation is the main step for UAV autonomous landing. It contains the convex hull transformation,interference preclusion, ellipse fitting and specific feature matching. Furthermore, the complete visual measurement program and guidance strategy were proposed in this paper. Considerable comprehensive experiments indicated the significance and feasibility of method of vision-based UAV autonomous landing on moving target.

关键词： autonomous landing moving target vision-based navigation guidance markers estimation

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Three-dimensional finite-time cooperative guidance for multiple missiles without radial velocity measurements

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第5期32卷 1294-1304页

作者： Teng LYU Chuanjiang LI Yanning GUO Guangfu MA Department of Control Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

In order to simultaneously attack a target with impact angle constraint in threedimensional(3-D) space, a novel distributed cooperative guidance law for multiple missiles under directed communication topologies is proposed without radial velocity measurements. First, based on missiles-target 3-D relative motion equations, the multiple missiles cooperative guidance model with impact angle constraint is constructed. Then, in Line-of-Sight(LOS) direction, based on multiagent system cooperative control theory, one guidance law with directed topologies is designed with strict proof, which can guarantee finite time consensus of multiple missiles' impact times. Next, in elevation direction and azimuth direction of LOS, based on homogeneous system stability theory and integral sliding mode control theory, two guidance laws are proposed respectively with strict proof, which can guarantee LOS angles converge to desired values and LOS angular rates converge to zero in finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed cooperative guidance law is demonstrated through simulation results.

关键词： 3-D cooperative guidance Directed communication topologies Finite time Impact angle constraint Radial velocity measurements

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A Simulation System and Speed guidance Algorithms for Intersection Traffic Control Using Connected Vehicle Technology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2019年第2期24卷 160-170页

作者： Shuai Liu Weitong Zhang Xiaojun Wu Shuo Feng Xin Pei Danya Yao Department of Automation Tsinghua University National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Tsinghua University Graduate School of Tsinghua University

In the connected vehicle environment, real-time vehicle-state data can be obtained through vehicle-toinfrastructure communication, and the prediction accuracy of urban traffic conditions can significantly *** study uses the C++/Qt programming language and framework to build a simulation platform. A two-way six-lane intersection is set up on the simulation platform. In addition, two speed guidance algorithms based on optimizing the travel time of a single vehicle or multiple vehicles are proposed. The goal of optimization is to minimize the travel time, with common indicators such as average delay of vehicles, average number of stops, and average stop time chosen as indexes of traffic efficiency. When the traffic flow is not saturated, compared with the case of no speed guidance, single-vehicle speed guidance can improve the traffic efficiency by 20%, whereas multi-vehicle speed guidance can improve the traffic efficiency by 50%. When the traffic flow is saturated, the speed guidance algorithms show outstanding performance. The effect of speed guidance gradually enhances with increasing penetration rate, and the most obvious gains are obtained when the penetration rate increases from 10% to 40%. Thus, this study has shown that speed guidance in the connected vehicle environment can significantly improve the traffic efficiency of intersections, and the multi-vehicle speed guidance strategy is more effective than the single-vehicle speed guidance strategy.

关键词： connected vehicle intersection traffic control simulation system speed guidance

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Impact point prediction guidance based on iterative process for dual-spin projectile with fixed canards

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第8期32卷 1967-1981页

作者： Xin ZHANG Xiaoxian YAO Qiushi ZHENG School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

The fixed canards configuration of a dual-spin projectile makes it difficult to apply the traditional guidance law. In this study, a modified impact point prediction guidance strategy based on an iterative process was developed for a class of dual-spin projectiles with fixed canards, to reduce the impact point dispersion. The guidance strategy is dependent on the modified projectile linear theory to rapidly predict the flight states and the impact point. For projectiles with control applied to the trajectory, the modified projectile linear theory method is known to achieve poor impact point prediction. To improve the prediction accuracy, improvements were made to the modified projectile linear theory by considering the products of the yaw rate and other small *** guidance strategy is based on the iterative process for the continuous adjustment of the expected output of the roll angle of the course correction fuze, to minimize the direction error between the predicted impact point and target location. Studies were conducted on a model dual-spin projectile configuration to demonstrate the guidance details. The numerical simulations indicate that the proposed guidance strategy can effectively reduce the projectile impact point dispersion.

关键词： Dual-spin projectile withfixed canards guidance strategy Linear theory Projectile characteristics Trajectory prediction

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