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guidance for use of weights: an analysis of different types of weights and their implications when using SAS PROCs

General Psychiatry 2019年第1期32卷 49-55页

作者： Sabrina Richardson Tuo Lin Yangyi Li Xiaohui Niu Manfei Xu Valerie Stander Xin M Tu The Henry M.Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc BethesdaMarylandUnited States Military Population Health Naval Health Research CenterSan DiegoCaUnited States Clinical and Translational Research Institute University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA College of Informatics Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina Shanghai Mental Health Center Medical CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

SAS and other popular statistical packages provide support for survey data with sampling weights. For example, PROC MEANS and PROC LOGISTIC in SAS have their counterparts PROC SURVEYMEANS and PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to facilitate analysis of data from complex survey studies. On the other hand, PROC MEANS and many other classic SAS procedures also provide an option for including weights and yield identical point estimates, but different standard errors (SEs), as their corresponding survey procedures. This paper takes an in-depth look at different types of weights and provides guidance on use of different SAS procedures.

关键词： guidance use of weights analysis

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Prediction-Correction guidance Algorithm for High Velocity Reentry Capsules

Prediction-Correction Guidance Algorithm for High Velocity R...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Junshou Chen Ao Wang Wei Tan Yufan He Wen Qiang Bin Wang Haiyue Li State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics

Spacecraft returning from lunar or interplanetary missions reenter the Earth’ s atmosphere with velocities that can approach 1 1 km/*** landing position accuracy on the Earth is severely affected by small errors in the vehicle’ s position and velocity,unforeseen variations in the atmospheric density and imperfect vehicle *** adaptive guidance control approach is presented to ensure precision of the landing *** algorithm is a multi-step predictor-corrector iterative approach.A self-adaptive control law,composed of two quantities termed the gross error adjustment and the fine error adjustment,is *** gross error adjustment effectively reduces the vehicle cross range *** guidance law continuously adjusts the capsule’s bank angle until the bias in the capsule’ s cruising range is less than a prescribed value at which point the fine adjustment reduces the capsule’ s landing position *** algorithm’s adaptability is applied to the deep space mission reentry profile for a variety of initial *** demonstrate adaptability to the bias ranges of-0.6°to+0.25°in reentry angle,-25% to+25% in lift-drag ratio,and-80% to+100% in atmospheric ***,it is shown that the algorithm has the capability to remove a reentry insertion error of more than 100 km.

关键词： Capsule Reentry guidance Adaptive Prediction-Correction

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A Virtual Structure Formation guidance Strategy for Multi-Parafoil Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 123592-123603页

作者： Chen, Qi Sun, Yuxiang Zhao, Min Liu, Ming Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Automat Engn Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Huaiyin Inst Technol Fac Elect Informat Engn Huaian 223003 Peoples R China

The airdropping of multi-parafoil systems is of great significance to earthquake relief and military material transportation. In order to achieve the coordinated motion of multiple parafoils, a formation guidance strategy based on a virtual structure is proposed, which enables the formation of multiple parafoils to follow the planned trajectory and land at the target precisely. Firstly, since the main movement mode of a parafoil is turning and gliding, a multiphase homing trajectory for the reference point is planned, which mainly consists of a turning and gliding phase. Then, the trajectories of all the points on the virtual structure are generated by superimposing the relative positions of the virtual structure on the planned trajectory. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a guidance strategy is designed to guide all parafoils to track the corresponding points on the virtual structure and complete the desired formation task. The simulation results show that the guidance strategy based on a virtual structure can effectively guide multiple parafoils to achieve coordinated formation movement. Parafoils dropped from different positions and heading angles can gradually gather together and form a formation, track the planned trajectories, land at the target point precisely and align up against the wind.

关键词： Virtual structure formation guidance trajectory planning parafoil

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Engineering nerve guidance conduits with three-dimenisonal bioprinting technology for long gap peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2073-2074页

作者： Jian Du Xiaofeng Jia Department of Neurosurgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA Department of Orthopedics Anatomy Neurobiology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are tubular structures that are used to bridge the gap of a severed nerve, thereby acting as a guide and protective micro-environment for the regenerating axons and as a barrier against the in-growth of scar-forming tissue. In the last few decades, the concept of NGCs has evolved from a research tool to investigate nerve regeneration into a translational product that is now being used clinically as an alternative for autologous nerve graft repair, due to their availability and ease of fabrication.

关键词： Engineering nerve guidance three-dimenisonal regeneration

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Identification of a microRNA switch in spinal commissural axon guidance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1208-1209页

作者： Guo-fa Liu Tao Yang Department of Biological Sciences University of Toledo

The formation of neural circuits is governed by multiple classes of highly conserved extracellular guidance signals such as guidance cues,growth factors,and cell adhesion molecules(Kolodkin and Tessier-Lavigne,2011;Stoeckli et al.,2018).During embryonic development,vertebrate commissural neurons project axons toward the floor plate and cross the midline of the spinal cord,a process relying upon the coordination of attractive and repulsive guidance cues(Kolodkin and Tessier-Lavigne,2011;Stoeckli et al.,2018).

关键词： formation Identification commissural axon guidance

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A transgenerational toxicokinetic model and its use in derivation of Minnesota PFOA water guidance

JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

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JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019年第2期29卷 183-195页

作者： Goeden, Helen M. Greene, Christopher W. Jacobus, James A. Minnesota Dept Hlth 625 Robert St NPOB 64975 St Paul MN 55164 USA

Minnesota has been grappling with extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) groundwater contamination since 2002, in a major metropolitan setting. As toxicological information has accumulated for these substances, the public health community has become increasingly aware of critically sensitive populations. The accumulation of some PFAS in women of childbearing age, and the placental and breastmilk transfer to their offspring, require new risk assessment methods to protect public health. The traditional water guidance paradigm is inadequate to address maternal-to-infant transfer of accumulated levels of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), in particular. Even short exposures during infancy have dramatic impacts on serum levels for many years. In addition, developmental effects are the critical effects anchoring recent risk assessments. In response, the Minnesota Department of Health created an Excel-based model that incorporates chemical-specific properties and exposure parameters for early life stages. Serum levels were assessed in both formula-fed and breastfed infants, with placental transfer in both scenarios. Peak breastfed infant serum levels were 4.4-fold higher than in formula-fed infants, with both of these scenarios producing serum levels in excess of the adult steady-state level. The development and application of this model to PFOA are described.

关键词： Breast Feeding derivation infancy Serum levels PFAS gene guidance Minnesota Risk Assessment Risk Management Placental transfer

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Nominal model selection and guidance computer design for antitank guided missile

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMATION AND CONTROL 2019年第1期13卷 34-83页

作者： Ouda, A. N. El-Sheikh, Gamal Elhalwagy, Yehia Ashry, Mahmoud Mil Tech Coll Al Waili Cairo Governora Egypt

The great developments in applied mathematics and computational capabilities facilitate the design and implementation of robust control. Among the real applications are the guided missiles especially the antitank guided missile systems which are commanded to the line of sight (CLOS) against ground and short-range targets. The present work is concerned with improving the performance of an antitank guided missile system belonging to the first generation via robust synthesis of guidance systems. The selection of nominal model is required to design the guidance computer for the system. This paper is devoted to the quantitative analysis to select a nominal plant which used to design a guidance computer that has a successful flight path trajectory against different types of uncertainties. The design and analysis necessitate somehow accurate model with different uncertainties for the system. The flight path is evaluated considering the HIE environment.

关键词： missile command guidance systems robust control guidance nominal model autopilot design

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Synopsis of an integrated guidance for enhancing the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia: an Australian perspective

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY 2021年 6卷 100151-100151页

作者： Watts, Gerald F. Sullivan, David R. Hare, David L. Kostner, Karam M. Horton, Ari E. Bell, Damon A. Brett, Tom Trent, Ronald J. Poplawski, Nicola K. Martin, Andrew C. Srinivasan, Shubha Justo, Robert N. Chow, Clara K. Pang, Jing Univ Western Australia Fac Hlth & Med Sci Sch Med GPO Box X2213 Perth WA 6847 Australia Royal Perth Hosp Dept Cardiol Cardiometab Serv Lipid Disorders Clin Perth WA Australia Royal Perth Hosp Dept Internal Med Cardiometab Serv Lipid Disorders Clin Perth WA Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hosp Dept Chem Pathol Camperdown NSW Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Med Sch Sydney NSW Australia Univ Melbourne Fac Med Dent & Hlth Sci Melbourne Vic Australia Austin Hlth Dept Cardiol Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Queensland Mater Hosp Dept Cardiol Brisbane Qld Australia Monash Hlth Monash Heart & Monash Childrens Hosp Melbourne Vic Australia Monash Cardiovasc Res Ctr Melbourne Vic Australia Monash Univ Dept Paediat Melbourne Vic Australia Royal Perth Hosp Dept Clin Biochem PathWest Lab Med WA Perth WA Australia Fiona Stanley Hosp Network Perth WA Australia Clinipath Pathol Dept Clin Biochem Perth WA Australia Sonic Pathol Sonic Genet Sydney NSW Australia Univ Notre Dame Australia Sch Med Gen Practice & Primary Hlth Care Res Fremantle WA Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hosp Dept Med Genom Camperdown NSW Australia Univ Sydney Fac Med & Hlth Cent Clin Sch Sydney NSW Australia Royal Adelaide Hosp Adult Genet Unit Adelaide SA Australia Univ Adelaide Adelaide Med Sch Adelaide SA Australia Perth Childrens Hosp Dept Gen Paediat Perth WA Australia Univ Western Australia Fac Hlth & Med Sci Div Paediat Perth WA Australia Childrens Hosp Westmead Inst Endocrinol & Diabet Sydney NSW Australia Univ Sydney Fac Med & Hlth Discipline Child & Adolescent Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Queensland Childrens Hosp Dept Paediat Cardiol Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Queensland Sch Med Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Sydney Westmead Appl Res Ctr Sydney NSW Australia Westmead Hosp Dept Cardiol Sydney NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Sydney NSW Australia

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common, heritable and preventable cause of premature coronary artery disease, with significant potential for positive impact on public health and healthcare savings. New clinical practice recommendations are presented in an abridged guidance to assist practitioners in enhancing the care of all patients with FH. Main recommendations: Core recommendations are made on the detection, diagnosis, assessment and management of adults, children and adolescents with FH. There is a key role for general practitioners (GPs) working in collaboration with specialists with expertise in lipidology. Advice is given on genetic and cholesterol testing and risk notification of biological relatives undergoing cascade testing for FH;all healthcare professionals should develop skills in genomic medicine. Management is under-pinned by the precepts of risk stratification, adherence to healthy lifestyles, treatment of non-cholesterol risk factors, and appropriate use of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol lowering therapies, including statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Recommendations on service design are provided in the full guidance. Potential impact on care of FH: These recommendations need to be utilised using judicious clinical judgement and shared decision making with patients and families. Models of care need to be adapted to both local and regional needs and resources. In Australia new government funded schemes for genetic testing and use of PCSK9 inhibitors, as well as the National Health Genomics Policy Framework, will enable adoption of these recommendations. A broad implementation science strategy is, however, required to ensure that the guidance translates into benefit for all families with FH.

关键词： Familial hypercholesterolaemia guidance Care Management Adults Children Prevention

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Conducting Cross-Cultural, Multi-Lingual and Multi-Country Focus Groups: guidance for Researchers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS 2021年 20卷

作者： da Costa, Mariana Pinto Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci London England Queen Mary Univ London WHO Collaborating Ctr Mental Hlth Serv Dev Unit Social & Community Psychiat London England Univ Porto Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar Porto Portugal

Conducting cross-cultural, multi-lingual and multi-country focus groups represents unique logistic and analytical challenges. However, there is little guidance for the necessary considerations required for such international focus groups. Based on the author's experience of conducting such research, this publication documents the different stages of planning, fieldwork, analysis and dissemination, and how to mitigate possible challenges and overcome them. It is essential to set up an adequate research team with the linguist and cultural background required. All researchers should have the necessary training in qualitative methods and follow a standardised approach in the facilitation of focus groups across the different countries and in the analysis of the data, ideally in their original languages.

关键词： international qualitative focus groups guidance research team

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Automated insulin dosing guidance to optimise insulin management in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

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LANCET 2019年第10176期393卷 1138-1148页

作者： Bergenstal, Richard M. Johnson, Mary Passi, Rebecca Bhargava, Anuj Young, Natalie Kruger, Davida F. Bashan, Eran Bisgaier, Stanley G. Isaman, Deanna J. Marriott Hodish, Israel Int Diabet Ctr Minneapolis MN 55416 USA Iowa Diabet & Endocrinol Res Ctr Des Moines IA USA Henry Ford Med Ctr Endocrinol Detroit MI USA Hygieia Inc Livonia MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Biostat Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Med Ctr Dept Internal Med Div Metab Endocrinol & Diabet Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Background Insulin therapy is most effective if dosage titrations are done regularly and frequently, which is seldom practical for most clinicians, resulting in an insulin titration gap. The d-Nav Insulin guidance System (Hygieia, Livonia, MI, USA) is a handheld device that is used to measure glucose, determine glucose patterns, and automatically determine the appropriate next insulin dose. We aimed to determine whether the combination of the d-Nav device and health-care professional support is superior to health-care professional support alone. Methods In this multicentre, randomised, controlled study, we recruited patients from three diabetes centres in the USA (in Detroit MI;Minneapolis, MN;and Des Moines IA). Patients were eligible if they were aged 21-70 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) concentration of 7.5% or higher (>= 58 mmol/mol) and 11% or lower (<= 97 mmol/mol), and had been using the same insulin regimen for the previous 3 months. Exclusion criteria included body-mass index of 45 kg/m (2) or higher;severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal impairment;and more than two severe hypoglycaemic events in the past year. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1: 1), with randomisation blocked within each site, to either d-Nav and health-care professional support (intervention group) or health-care professional support alone (control group). Both groups were contacted seven times (three face-to-face and four phone visits) during 6 months of follow-up. The primary objective was to compare average change in HbA(1c) from baseline to 6 months. Safety was assessed by the frequency of hypoglycaemic events. The primary objective and safety were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. We used Student's t test to assess the primary outcome for statistical significance. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT02424500. Findings Between Feb 2, 2015, and March 17, 2017, 236 patients were screened for eli

关键词： Professional Glucose guidance Insulin titration health AUTOMATIC Dosing Insulins Randomized Controlled Trial Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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