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作者： English, Jacob T Ohio University

学位级别：硕士

Deep reinforcement learning was used to train an agent within the framework of a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to pursue a target, while avoiding a defender, for the Target-Attacker-Defender (TAD) differential game of pursuit and evasion. The aim of this work was to explore the games where the previous attacking guidance methods found in literature failed to capture the Target. The reward function of the MDP presented by this work allowed for an attacking agent to learn a policy that expanded the number of cases where the target is captured beyond the former limit of success through the application of the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm (TD3). The strategy developed using artificial intelligence expands the target capture guidance approach to consider the long-term goal, rather than an instantaneous optimal heading. Initial Target positions within a limited set were considered with fixed values for agent velocities and Attacker and Defender initial positions to evaluate the Attacker’s learned behavior in comparison with the optimal point capture guidance laws for target capture in the TAD game.

关键词： Computer Science reinforcement learning guidance differential games

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guidance for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Confined Semistructured Environments

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SENSORS 2020年第24期20卷 7237-7237页

作者： Milosevic, Zorana Suarez Fernandez, Ramon A. Dominguez, Sergio Rossi, Claudio Univ Politecn Madrid Ctr Automat & Robot UPM CSIC Madrid 28006 Spain

In this work, we present the design, implementation, and testing of a guidance system for the UX-1 robot, a novel spherical underwater vehicle designed to explore and map flooded underground mines. For this purpose, it needs to navigate completely autonomously, as no communications are possible, in the 3D networks of tunnels of semistructured but unknown environments and gather various geoscientific data. First, the overall design concepts of the robot are presented. Then, the guidance system and its subsystems are explained. Finally, the system's validation and integration with the rest of the UX-1 robot systems are presented. A series of experimental tests following the software-in-the-loop and the hardware-in-the-loop paradigms have been carried out, designed to simulate as closely as possible navigation in mine tunnel environments. The results obtained in these tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the guidance system and its proper integration with the rest of the systems of the robot, and validate the abilities of the UX-1 platform to perform complex missions in flooded mine environments.

关键词： underwater robots guidance 3D navigation field robotics software-in-the-loop hardware-in-the-loop

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From clinical appearance to accurate management in acute ischemic stroke patients: With the guidance of innovative traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis

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BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019年第10期9卷 e01411-e01411页

作者： Song, Juexian Xu, Cuiyu Zhang, Jing Gao, Li Capital Med Univ Xuanwu Hosp Dept Neurol Beijing Peoples R China Capital Med Univ Beijing Hosp Tradit Chinese Med Dept Emergency Beijing Peoples R China

Objective To investigate the correlation between simplified classification and laboratory indicators in patients with acute ischemic stroke, also provide accurate evidences for simplified classification and guide clinical interventions and treatment. Methods Two hundred patients with acute ischemic stroke were classified into four types according to the characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome: phlegm-heat syndrome, phlegm-dampness syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome, and yin deficiency syndrome. The differences between the types of syndromes and the correlation between laboratory indicators and syndromes were analyzed. Results Among the 200 patients with acute ischemic stroke, there were significant differences in the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (p < .05) between patients with phlegm-heat syndrome and other three types. There were significant differences in the levels of homocysteine (HCY) and fibrinogen (Fib) between patients with yin deficiency syndrome and other three types (p < .05). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in blood glucose (Glu), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), and total cholesterol (CHO) between phlegm-heat syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome (p < .05). There were significant differences in the levels of Glu, HBA1c, D-2 polymer (D-D), and C-reactive protein (CRP)s between patients with phlegm-heat syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome (p < .05). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of CRP and urea nitrogen between patients with yin deficiency syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome (p < .05). Conclusions The four-type simplified classification of Integrated TCM and Western medicine in acute ischemic stroke has specific laboratory data to support. Simplified classification with TCM treatment and intervention of different patients improves the survival and treatment, which is an innovative, easy-to-master clinical diagnosis and treatment model.

关键词： acute ischemic stroke guidance integrated Chinese and Western medicine laboratory indicators simplified classification

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guidance in inquiry-based instruction - an attempt to disentangle a manifold construct

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION 2019年第11期41卷 1562-1577页

作者： Vorholzer, Andreas von Aufschnaiter, Claudia Justus Liebig Univ Giessen Inst Phys Educ Karl Glockner Str 21C D-35394 Giessen Germany

Inquiry-based instruction is an important teaching strategy in science education that can be implemented to achieve different learning goals (e.g. the learning of science content or of inquiry skills and strategies). Inquiry-based instruction is often combined with guidance attempting to assist students to effectively engage in inquiry activities and, through this engagement, reach the intended goals. In recent research, the type and amount of guidance needed to foster student's learninghas received considerable attention. One challenge in interpreting the results of this line of research is the manifold meanings of the term 'guidance' and its implementation in inquiry-based instruction. Moreover, the effectiveness of a particular type and amount of guidance may also depend on the learning goal that is to be achieved. In this paper, we draw on existing research and theoretical considerations in attempting to disentangle three major dimensions in which the implementation of guidance may vary: (a) the degree of autonomy, (b) the degree of conceptual information, and (c) the cognitive domain of guidance. We discuss how these dimensions can be used to capture and systemise fidings of existing studies as well as to infer desiderata for further research on the role of guidance in inquiry-based instruction.

关键词： Inquiry-based instruction guidance autonomy instructional support framework

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guidance for identification and treatment of individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder based upon expert consensus

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BMC MEDICINE 2020年第1期18卷 146-146页

作者： Young, Susan Hollingdale, Jack Absoue, Michael Bolton, Patrick Branney, Polly Colley, William Craze, Emily Dave, Mayuri Deeley, Quinton Farrag, Emad Gudjonsson, Gisli Hill, Peter Liang, Ho-Ian Murphy, Clodagh Mackintosh, Peri Murin, Marianna O'Regan, Fintan Ougrin, Dennis Rios, Patricia Stover, Nancy Taylor, Eric Woodhouse, Emma Psychol Serv Ltd London England South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust Serv Complex Autism & Associated Neurodev Disorde London England Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust Evelina London Childrens Hosp Dept Childrens Neurosci London England Kings Coll London Dept Women & Childrens Hlth London England Oxford ADHD & Autism Ctr Oxford England CLC Consultancy Perth Scotland South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust Natl Autism Unit Canterbury Kent England Hertfordshire Community NHS Trust Posit Behav Learning Disabil Autism & Mental Hlth St Albans England Maudsley Hlth South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci Dept Psychol London England Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children London England South London & Maudsley Fdn NHS Trust Behav & Dev Psychiat Clin Acad Grp Natl Adult Autism & ADHD Serv Behav Genet Clin London England Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci London England Anna Freud Ctr London England Helen Arkell Ctr Guildford Surrey England Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat London England Diagnost Assessments & Treatment Serv DATS Hatfield Herts England Stover Consultancy Santa Barbara CA USA

BackgroundIndividuals with co-occurring hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have complex presentations that may complicate diagnosis and treatment. There are established guidelines with regard to the identification and treatment of ADHD and ASD as independent conditions. However, ADHD and ASD were not formally recognised diagnostically as co-occurring conditions until the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) was published in 2013. Hence, awareness and understanding of both conditions when they co-occur is less established and there is little guidance in the clinical literature. This has led to uncertainty among healthcare practitioners when working with children, young people and adults who present with co-existing ADHD and ASD. The United Kingdom ADHD Partnership (UKAP) therefore convened a meeting of professional experts that aimed to address this gap and reach expert consensus on the topic that will aid healthcare practitioners and allied professionals when working with this complex and vulnerable *** experts from multiple disciplines in the fields of ADHD and ASD convened in London in December 2017. The meeting provided the opportunity to address the complexities of ADHD and ASD as a co-occurring presentation from different perspectives and included presentations, discussion and group work. The authors considered the clinical challenges of working with this complex group of individuals, producing a consensus for a unified approach when working with male and female, children, adolescents and adults with co-occurring ADHD and ASD. This was written up, circulated and endorsed by all *** authors reached a consensus of practical recommendations for working across the lifespan with males and females with ADHD and ASD. Consensus was reached on topics of (1) identification and assessment using rating scales, clinical diagnostic interviews and objective suppo

关键词： hyperactivity disorder hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Comorbidity Assessment Treatment guidance Consensus Interventions Education School Occupation Psychiatry Psychology

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The Expression and Cellular Localisation of Neurotrophin and Neural guidance Molecules in Peritoneal Ectopic Lesions

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MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 2019年第6期56卷 4013-4022页

作者： Asally, Razan Markham, Robert Manconi, Frank Univ Sydney Med Fdn Bldg Discipline Obstet Gynaecol & Neonatol Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It affects 10-15% of women during their reproductive age. The existence of close and complex relationship between chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis are widely recognised. However, the mechanisms of pain generation in women with endometriosis remain poorly understood. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the density of nerve fibres stained with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and the expression of various neurotrophins including glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), persephin, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and neuronal guidance molecules semaphorin 3E and Slit-2 and their receptors Plexin-D1 and Robo4 in peritoneal ectopic lesions from women with endometriosis and uninvolved peritoneum samples. Neurotrophins and neuronal guidance molecules and their receptors are synthesised in situ within peritoneal ectopic lesion which suggest their role in facilitating and maintaining the growth of nerve fibres. These molecules were found to be overall most highly expressed in the glands of endometriotic peritoneal lesions. In addition, the presence of ectopic lesions within the peritoneal cavity may affect the environment;in turn, the peritoneum altered appeared to play a role in the growth of nerve fibres and their development and maintenance in peritoneal lesions. Through exploring different neuronally active factors in and around ectopic lesions which may be contributing to pain generation, this study provides an insight and better understanding of the pain mechanisms associated with peritoneal endometriosis.

关键词： Neurotrophin Neural guidance Peritoneal Endometriotic Lesions

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A guidance was developed to identify participants with missing outcome data in randomized controlled trials

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019年 115卷 55-63页

作者： Kahale, Lara A. Guyatt, Gordon H. Agoritsas, Thomas Briel, Matthias Busse, Jason W. Carrasco-Labra, Alonso Khamis, Assem M. Zhang, Yuqing Hooft, Lotty Scholten, Rob J. P. M. Akl, Elie A. Amer Univ Beirut Clin Res Inst Beirut Lebanon Univ Utrecht Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care Utrecht Netherlands McMaster Univ Dept Hlth Res Methods Evidence & Impact Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Med Hamilton ON Canada Univ Hosp Geneva Div Gen Internal Med Geneva Switzerland Univ Hosp Geneva Div Clin Epidemiol Geneva Switzerland Univ Basel Basel Inst Clin Epidemiol & Biostat Dept Clin Res Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Hosp Basel Switzerland McMaster Univ Dept Anesthesia Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Michael G DeGroote Inst Pain Res & Care Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Michael G DeGroote Ctr Med Cannabis Res Hamilton ON Canada Amer Dent Assoc Sci Inst Ctr Evidence Based Dent Chicago IL USA Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Cochrane Netherlands Utrecht Netherlands

Background and Objectives: In order for authors of systematic reviews to address missing data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), they need to first identify the number of trial participants with missing data. The objective of this study was to provide guidance for authors of systematic reviews on how to identify participants with missing outcome data in reports of RCTs. Methods: guidance statements were informed by a review of studies addressing the topic of missing data and an iterative process of feedback and refinement, through meetings involving experts in health research methodology and authors of systematic reviews. Results: The proposed guidance includes (1) definitions of key terms, (2) 19 categories of participants described in RCT reports and who might have missing data, and (3) a flowchart on how to judge the outcome data missingness for each category. The judgment of missingness relies on how trial authors report on the categories and handle them in their analyses. Practically, for their primary analysis, systematic review authors should choose how to identify participants with missing outcome data (i.e., use either "definitely missing data'' or "total possible missing data''), then select a method for handling missing data in meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses should be undertaken to explore consistency with competing options for classifying patients as having missing data. Conclusion: Adopting the proposed guidance will help promote transparency and consistency regarding how missing data are managed in systematic reviews. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Missing data Systematic reviews Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trials Risk of bias guidance

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A survey on artificial intelligence trends in spacecraft guidance dynamics and control

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Astrodynamics 2019年第4期3卷 287-299页

作者： Dario Izzo Marcus Martens Binfeng Pan Furopean Space Agency Noorduijk2201 A ZThe Netherlands Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'anShaanxi 710072China

The rapid developments of artificial intelligence in the last decade are influencing aerospace engineering to a great extent and research in this context is *** share our observations on the recent developments in the area of spacecraft guidance dynamics and control,giving selected examples on success stories that have been motivated by mission *** focus is on evolutionary optimisation,tree searches and machine learning,including deep learning and reinforcement learning as the key technologies and drivers for current and future research in the *** a high-level perspective,we survey various scenarios for which these approaches have been successfully applied or are under strong scientific *** possible,we highlight the relations and synergies that can be obtained by combining different techniques and projects towards future domains for which newly emerging artificial intelligence techniques are expected to become game changers.

关键词： guidance control AI deep learning machine learning evolutionary computing genetic algorithms interplanetary

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Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization Using guidance Software

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JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 2019年第1期30卷 10-18页

作者： Miyayama, Shiro Yamashiro, Masashi Sugimori, Natsuki Ikeda, Rie Okimura, Kotaro Sakuragawa, Naoko Fukuiken Saiseikai Hosp Dept Diagnost Radiol 7-1 FunabashiWadanaka Cho Fukui 9188503 Japan

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of conventional transarterial chemoembolization using guidance software for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred two patients with treatment-naive HCC with <= 7-cm and <= 5 lesions treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization using guidance software were selected. Technical success was classified into 3 grades by computed tomography performed 1 week after transarterial chemoembolization: (i) A, complete embolization with a safety margin;(ii) B, entire tumor embolization without a safety margin;and (iii) C, incomplete embolization. Intrahepatic tumor recurrence was classified into 2 categories: local tumor progression (LTP) and intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR). Overall survival (OS) and tumor recurrence rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, the incidences of LTP between grade A and B tumors, IDR with/without LTP, and OS with/without LTP were compared by the log-rank test. Results: One hundred fifty-six (82.1%) tumors were determined to be grade A, 26 (13.7%) were determined to be grade B, and 8 (4.2%) were determined to be grade C. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year LTP and IDR rates were 31.7%, 49.4%, and 59.4% and 33.9%, 58.2%, and 73.3%, respectively. LTP developed more frequently in grade. B tumors than grade A twnors (P = .0016). IDR developed more frequently in patients with LTP than without LTP (P = .0004). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 96.1%, 71.1%, and 60%, respectively;the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates in patients with/without LTP were 95.7%, 69.8%, and 59.3% and 96.2%, 71.6%, and 59.4%, respectively (P = .9984). Conclusions: Transarterial chemoembolization guidance software promotes the technical success of transarterial chemoembolization and excellent OS in HCC patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular Cancer chemoembolization computer software guidance computer programs Patients

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Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants: guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2019年第6期94卷 697-709页

作者： Cuker, Adam Burnett, Allison Triller, Darren Crowther, Mark Ansell, Jack Van Cott, Elizabeth M. Wirth, Diane Kaatz, Scott Univ Penn Dept Med Perelman Sch Med Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Univ Penn Dept Pathol & Lab Med Perelman Sch Med Philadelphia PA USA Univ New Mexico Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Pharm Practice & Adm Sci Albuquerque NM 87131 USA WellScriptEd Consulting Inc Clifton Pk NY USA McMaster Univ Dept Med Hamilton ON Canada Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell Dept Med Hempstead NY USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Pathol Boston MA 02114 USA Grady Mem Hosp Dept Cardiol Atlanta GA USA Henry Ford Hosp Div Hosp Med Detroit MI 48202 USA

Two specific reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved in the United States: idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal and andexanet alfa for apixaban and rivaroxaban reversal. Non-specific prohemostatic agents such as prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and activated PCC have also been used for DOAC reversal. The goal of this document is to provide comprehensive guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum, a North American organization of anticoagulation providers, regarding use of DOAC reversal agents. We discuss indications for reversal, provide guidance on how the individual reversal agents should be administered, and offer suggestions for stewardship at the health system level.

关键词： Comprehensive guidance guidance anticoagulation Anticoagulants, Oral apixaban self-reversal system level

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