This study examines Finnish apprenticeship training stakeholders' perceptions of vocational expertise and experiences of workplace learning and guidance. The semi-structured interview data was collected in 2015 in...
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This study examines Finnish apprenticeship training stakeholders' perceptions of vocational expertise and experiences of workplace learning and guidance. The semi-structured interview data was collected in 2015 in two vocational fields: the social and health care services sector (five workplaces) and the technology sector (five workplaces). The sample (N = 40) consisted of apprentices (n = 10), their co-workers (n = 10), workplace trainers (n = 10) and employers (n = 10). The study applies the classifications of natural abilities and self-regulation to identify the most important individual characteristics related to vocational expertise. The socio-cultural approach to workplace learning and guidance illustrate that vocational expertise also develops from external support through participation and guidance in everyday interactions in the contexts of education and work. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that individuals with fluent cognitive skills (e.g., problem solving skills) combined to advanced social skills, self-awareness and self-regulation are perceived as vocational experts. The apprenticeship training was considered to draw upon an extensive learning environment to facilitate an apprentice's vocational development by offering access to authentic work tasks and collective support by experienced workers. Yet, the lack of time, resources and pedagogical approaches were found to hinder individual guidance and reciprocal workplace learning between apprentices and experienced workers. The workplaces were shown to provide fruitful learning possibilities for those apprentices with strong self-regulatory skills.
In this article, I utilise Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon prison design and Michel Foucault's derived notion of panopticism to examine the depiction of surveillance, power, and resistance in J. M. Coetzee's W...
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In this article, I utilise Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon prison design and Michel Foucault's derived notion of panopticism to examine the depiction of surveillance, power, and resistance in J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians (1982). Both Colonel Joll and the Magistrate, I argue, employ techniques of panoptic surveillance to dominate and control the "barbarian" girl, the former by physically torturing her and thereby inscribing his imperial gaze on her body, and the latter by subjecting her to a psychological process of analysis and interpretation. Left blind after her interrogations and trapped under perpetual surveillance, the girl comes to embody, in some ways, the docile Foucauldian inmate. She is not without agency, however. In the final section of the article, I show how she resists the Magistrate's imperialist vision and, in so doing, effects a profound ethical transformation in him. Ultimately, I contend that the girl acts as the Magistrate's unexpected guide by directing him towards an alternative and ethically "blind" way of seeing.
This paper examines phenomenography as a viable qualitative approach in guidance and counselling research. A phenomenographic study maps the qualitatively different ways in which people experience a specific phenomeno...
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This paper examines phenomenography as a viable qualitative approach in guidance and counselling research. A phenomenographic study maps the qualitatively different ways in which people experience a specific phenomenon and helps researchers to describe the aspects that make one way of experiencing a certain phenomenon qualitatively distinct from another. This paper presents an overview of phenomenographic research, encompassing theoretical, methodological and practical considerations. The application of this approach in guidance and counselling studies is illustrated with examples.
Designing and conducting sound and informative experiments is an important aspect of inquiry learning. Students, however, often design experiments that do not allow them to reach conclusions. Considering the difficult...
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Designing and conducting sound and informative experiments is an important aspect of inquiry learning. Students, however, often design experiments that do not allow them to reach conclusions. Considering the difficulties students experience with the process of designing experiments, additional guidance in the form of an Experiment Design Tool (EDT) was developed, together with reflection questions. In this study, 147 pre-university students worked in an online inquiry learning environment on buoyancy and Archimedes' principle. Students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, each of which contained a different version of the EDT. Since students' prior knowledge has been found to influence the amount and type of guidance they need, the versions of the tool differed with respect to the level of guidance provided. A pre- and post-test were administered to assess students' conceptual knowledge. No overall differences between conditions were found. In a subsequent analysis, students were classified as either low, low-intermediate-, high-intermediate, or high prior knowledge students. For Archimedes' principle we found that low-intermediate prior knowledge students gained significantly more conceptual knowledge than low prior knowledge students in the fully guided condition. It is hypothesised that students need at least some prior knowledge in order to fully benefit from the guidance offered.
Background: Global guidance can help countries strengthen their health systems to deliver effective interventions to their populations. However, to have an impact, guidance needs to be contextualised or adapted to loc...
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Background: Global guidance can help countries strengthen their health systems to deliver effective interventions to their populations. However, to have an impact, guidance needs to be contextualised or adapted to local settings;this process includes consideration of health system arrangements and political system factors. To date, methods to support contextualisation do not exist. In response, a workbook was designed to provide specific methods and strategies to enable the contextualisation of WHO's 'Optimizing health worker roles to improve maternal and newborn health' (OptimizeMNH) guidance at the national or subnational level. The objective of this study was to describe the process of developing the workbook and identify key steps of the development process, barriers that arose and facilitators that helped overcome some of these barriers. Methods: A qualitative single case study design was carried out. Interviews, documents and a reflexive journal were used. Constant comparison and an edit-style of organisation were used during data analysis to develop concepts, themes, subthemes and relationships among them. Results: Thirteen interviews were conducted and 52 documents were reviewed. Three main steps were identified in the process of developing the workbook for health systems guidance contextualisation, namely (1) determining the need for and gaining approval to develop the workbook, (2) developing the workbook (taking on the task, creating the structure of the workbook, operationalising its components, undergoing approval processes and editing it), and (3) implementing the workbook both at the WHO level and at the national/subnational level. Five barriers and/or facilitators emerged relevant to each step, namely (1) having well-placed and credible champions, (2) creating and capitalising on opportunities, (3) finding the right language to engage various actors and obtain buyin, (4) obtaining and maintaining meaningful buy-in, and (5) ensuring access to resource
This paper proposes a cooperative guidance strategy for three-body engagement scenario. Such situations arise when an interceptor is launched to intercept a moving target, such as an aircraft, and the target actively ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538679012;9781538679265
This paper proposes a cooperative guidance strategy for three-body engagement scenario. Such situations arise when an interceptor is launched to intercept a moving target, such as an aircraft, and the target actively protect itself by launching a defending interceptor. The guidance strategy is designed for three-dimensional engagements using a finite-horizon optimal control formulation with the terminal constraints. The proposed formulation allows us to impose terminal constraints on the desired intercept angles, in addition to minimizing the control effort of target-defender team, which shapes the trajectories of adversaries accordingly. The guidance algorithm is derived using calculus of variation and static optimization techniques to generate the lateral accelerations of both target and defending interceptor. Numerical simulations have been presented for various engagement scenarios to vindicate the efficacy of proposed guidance algorithm.
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