The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on enhancing human response to emergency communication. This guidance can, in turn, help engineers improve the design of emergency notification and messaging systems,...
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The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on enhancing human response to emergency communication. This guidance can, in turn, help engineers improve the design of emergency notification and messaging systems, which, as a result, can help inform occupant response, reduce occupant evacuation time, and increase occupant safety. The article begins with a literature review on how people respond to emergencies. The Protective Action Decision Model, which describes the decision-making process that precedes human response in disaster events, is used as a framework for the literature collected as part of this review. This model is divided into three pre-decisional and five decisional processes. The method used to create the guidance document is then explained, including the six steps taken to review the literature collected (from 162 engineering and social science sources), generate findings from this literature, and compile the key statements found in the guidance document. guidance on alerts, visual/audible warnings and dissemination of warning messages are provided. These are organized according to alert/warning type and dissemination method. The findings of the literature review include five guidance statements on alerts, 16 guidance statements on visual warnings, seven guidance statements on audible warnings and eight guidance statements on the dissemination of warning messages. Finally, guidance on emergency message testing, including language, readability and fire drills as a means of response testing, is provided. It is envisioned that this guidance will inform practitioners on the design of future emergency communications and subsequently enhances evacuee performance through a better understanding of the manner in which emergency information is processed and the tools available to provide such information.
This paper presents an Iterative Learning Control design applied to homing guidance of missiles against maneuvering targets. According to numerical experiments, although an increase of the control energies is apprecia...
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This paper presents an Iterative Learning Control design applied to homing guidance of missiles against maneuvering targets. According to numerical experiments, although an increase of the control energies is appreciated with respect to a previous published base controller for comparison, this strategy, which is simple to realize, is able to reduce the time to reach the head-on condition to target destruction. This fact is important to minimize the missile lateral force-level to fulfill engaging in hyper-sonic target persecutions.
This study investigates the effects of guide-based guidance on the pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility via the simulations based on an extended social force model. The results show that the effects of guide...
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This study investigates the effects of guide-based guidance on the pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility via the simulations based on an extended social force model. The results show that the effects of guides on the pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility are dual, and related to the neighbor density within the visual field. On the one hand, in many cases, the effects of guides are positive, particularly when the neighbor density within the visual field is moderate;in this case, a few guides can already assist the evacuation effectively and efficiently. However, when the neighbor density within the visual field is particularly small or large, the effects of guides may be adverse and make the evacuation time longer. Our results not only provide a new insight into the effects of guides on the pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility, but also give some practical suggestions as to how to assign guides to assist the evacuation under different evacuation conditions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Objective. An ideal dental adhesive should provide retentive strength, marginal seal, be relatively simple to achieve and demonstrate clinical durability. Future improvements in adhesive bonding to tooth structure req...
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Objective. An ideal dental adhesive should provide retentive strength, marginal seal, be relatively simple to achieve and demonstrate clinical durability. Future improvements in adhesive bonding to tooth structure require in vitro test methods that provide reliable data for materials development and/or evaluation of experimental variables. The objective of this project was to identify a test method that is relatively easy to perform, repeatable and ultimately useful for predicting clinical outcomes. Methods. The Academy of Dental Materials initiated a project to develop and distribute guidance documents on laboratory test methods that are useful for the evaluation of dental adhesives and cements, composite resins and ceramics. Results. The dental adhesive sub-group has identified the micro-tensile bond strength test, especially after subjecting the specimens to a durability challenge, as currently the best practical surrogate measure of dental composite restoration retention. Conclusion. The following mu TBS guidance is meant to aid the researcher in conducting the ii,TBS test. The authors, while recognizing the limitations of a static, strength-based test method, welcome comments and suggestions for improvements of this guidance document in future revisions. (C) 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
With the development of aerospace industry, the guidance system of an entry vehicle becomes more robust, reliable and autonomous. Based on fuzzy logic, a predictor corrector guidance law is proposed in this paper, whe...
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With the development of aerospace industry, the guidance system of an entry vehicle becomes more robust, reliable and autonomous. Based on fuzzy logic, a predictor corrector guidance law is proposed in this paper, where the trajectory prediction is realized by numerical integration. The correction system consists of two fuzzy controllers, which correct longitudinal motion and lateral motion synergistically. A drag acceleration profile is designed through interpolating between upper drag boundary and lower drag boundary, which is corrected continually to eliminate the range error. Attack angle, a secondary control variable in the paper, is used to eliminate the altitude error. In addition, the lateral error is removed by regulating the reversal time of bank angle. Compared with the traditional guidance laws, the method in this paper not only can correct synergistically the longitudinal motion and lateral motion of the vehicle, but also can easily cope with the flight constraints using interpolated drag acceleration profile. Moreover, in a correction cycle, the method designed in this paper only needs a single trajectory prediction, which reduces the on-board computation. The guidance law demonstrates a high precision and robustness in the simulation scenario. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
This guidance document is intended to assist the applicant in the preparation and the presentation of an application, as foreseen in Article 7.6 of Regulation (EC) No1831/2003, for the authorisation of additives for u...
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This guidance document is intended to assist the applicant in the preparation and the presentation of an application, as foreseen in Article 7.6 of Regulation (EC) No1831/2003, for the authorisation of additives for use in animal nutrition. It specifically covers the assessment of the safety for the target species. (C) 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
guidance design features in information systems are used to help people in decision-making, problem solving, and task execution. Various information systems instantiate guidance design features, which have specificall...
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guidance design features in information systems are used to help people in decision-making, problem solving, and task execution. Various information systems instantiate guidance design features, which have specifically been researched in the field of decision support systems for decades. However, due to the lack of a common conceptualization, it is difficult to compare the research findings on guidance design features from different literature streams. This article reviews and analyzes the work of the research streams of decisional guidance, explanations, and decision aids conducted in the last 25 years. Building on and grounded by the analyzed literature, we theorize an integrated taxonomy on guidance design features. Applying the taxonomy, we discuss existing empirical results, identify effects of different guidance design features, and propose opportunities for future research. Overall, this article contributes to research and practice. The taxonomy allows researchers to describe their work by using a set of dimensions and characteristics and to systematically compare existing research on guidance design features. From a practice-oriented perspective, we provide an overview on design features to support implementing guidance in various types of information systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Considering highly maneuvering target, a novel cooperative guidance strategy, which aims to make multiple missiles' joint reachable sets cover the target evasion region, is proposed. The assumed engagement scenari...
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Considering highly maneuvering target, a novel cooperative guidance strategy, which aims to make multiple missiles' joint reachable sets cover the target evasion region, is proposed. The assumed engagement scenario is that multiple missiles separate with each other at the beginning of homing phase and then cooperatively intercept the highly maneuvering target which cannot be intercepted by single missile due to insufficient maneuverability. Firstly, for biasing the reachable sets of different missiles to cover different subintervals of target maneuvering range as expected, a biased proportional navigation guidance law (BPN) is designed by introducing the virtual aiming point. Secondly, for the missile-team without communication capability, the minimum relative maneuverability superiority and minimum team size for covering the whole target maneuvering range are derived based on the BPN respectively, and one open-loop cooperative guidance strategy is proposed with an acceptable assumption about the handover errors of midcourse guidance. While for the missile-team with communication capability, a novel coordinating variable is designed and the corresponding closed-loop guidance strategy is proposed. Numerical simulations with different target maneuver modes are presented to verify the guidance performance of the proposed cooperative guidance strategy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Graphene macroscopic materials have attracted tremendous attention for their fascinating performance and rich functionalities. Here, we provide an elaborate description of techniques in the fabrication of graphene mac...
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Graphene macroscopic materials have attracted tremendous attention for their fascinating performance and rich functionalities. Here, we provide an elaborate description of techniques in the fabrication of graphene macroscopic materials, focusing on the wet-spinning of 1D fibers and wet-spinning of continuous 2D films and 3D ultraflyweight aerogels. The thread of the research concepts is discussed to offer an overview of graphene macroscopic assembly. We summarize the fabrication system of wet-spinning of fiber and films, which extends to the chemistry of solvated graphene, the formation of graphene LCs, and the chemical/thermal reduction of graphene materials. The experimental details of graphene ultraflyweight aerogel are also been described. We hope that this paper can act as an experimental guidance for researchers, and become suggestive for forthcoming advances in graphene macroscopic materials.
Research on Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) train is currently being conducted in Korea, concerning Urban Transit (110 km/h of maximum speed), semi-high-speed (200 km/h of maximum speed), and high-speed (550 km/h of maxi...
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Research on Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) train is currently being conducted in Korea, concerning Urban Transit (110 km/h of maximum speed), semi-high-speed (200 km/h of maximum speed), and high-speed (550 km/h of maximum speed) trains. This paper presents a research study on the levitation and guidance systems for the Korean semi-high-speed maglev train. A levitation electromagnet was designed, and the need for a separate guidance system was analyzed. A guidance electromagnet to control the lateral displacement of the train and ensure its stable operation was then also designed, and its characteristics were analyzed. The dynamic performance of the designed levitation and guidance electromagnets was modeled and analyzed, using a linearized modeling of the system equations of motion. Lastly, a test setup was prepared, including manufactured prototypes of the designed system, and the validity of the design was verified and examined with performance evaluation tests.
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