The planning of exploration route and the selection of strip width have an important influence on marine survey and play a vital role in the efficiency of multi-beam sounding. This article establishes a single ß ...
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ObjectivesTo investigate whether the histogram analysis method of characterizing adrenal nodules as adenomas is affected by increased noise with modern CT technique, and if an extension that allows for noise correctio...
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ObjectivesTo investigate whether the histogram analysis method of characterizing adrenal nodules as adenomas is affected by increased noise with modern CT technique, and if an extension that allows for noise correction will improve diagnostic *** and methodsThis is a HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective study performed on 58 total patients. The first group of 29 patients had 33 adrenal lesions that were pathology-proven non-adenomas. The second group had 29 patients with 33 pathology-proven or presumed adenomas based on established imaging criteria. The nodules were evaluated using the histogram method, mean attenuation method, and a gaussian model-based algorithm without (uncorrected gaussian algorithm) and with correction (corrected gaussian algorithm) for image noise. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying adenoma were *** were no significant differences in identifying adenoma from non-adenoma when using the histogram analysis method and the uncorrected gaussian algorithm, both of which had low specificities of 42.4% and 47.0%, respectively (p=0.30). Adding noise correction to the gaussian algorithm resulted in a statistically significant increase in specificity relative to the histogram method (86.4% vs. 42.4%, p<0.001). The corrected gaussian algorithm improved sensitivity compared to the mean attenuation method (71.2% vs. 54.5%, p<0.001), but had lower specificity (86.4% vs. 100%, p<0.001), and similar overall accuracy (78.8% vs. 77.3%, p=0.74).ConclusionWith modern low-dose CT technique, the specificity scores of the histogram method for discrimination of adrenal adenomas and non-adenomas are lower than with previous higher dose scans. The specificity and accuracy of a histogram-equivalent method can be increased mathematically through image noise correction, and the corrected gaussian algorithm has improved sensitivity to the mean attenuation with similar accuracy albeit with lower specificity. Althou
The previous paper was concerned with systems of equations over a certain family S of quasigroups. In that work a method of elimination of an outermost variable from the system of equations was suggested and it was sh...
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The previous paper was concerned with systems of equations over a certain family S of quasigroups. In that work a method of elimination of an outermost variable from the system of equations was suggested and it was shown that further elimination of variables requires that the family S of quasigroups satisfy the generalized distributive law (GDL). In this paper we describe families S that satisfy GDL. The results are applied to construct classes of easily solvable systems of equations.
Implementing sustainable solid waste management strategies depends on accurately predicting municipal solid waste (MSW). This study forecasts Chittagong City's waste production using the well-known Multilayer Perc...
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Implementing sustainable solid waste management strategies depends on accurately predicting municipal solid waste (MSW). This study forecasts Chittagong City's waste production using the well-known Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and gaussian algorithm (GA). The model performance is evaluated based on Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Among these, the MLP algorithm demonstrates the highest accuracy in predicting future MSW generation. Waste compositions such as food, fabric, plastic, paper, and wood are also forecasted. Results indicate that by 2030, Chittagong will generate approximately 2,780 tons per day (TPD) of MSW, requiring 247.5 m2 of landfill space and emitting 51,183.57 tons of greenhouse gases (GHG) under the current waste management practices. This forecast supports decision-makers in modifying and updating waste management systems to achieve sustainability goals, highlighting the practical benefits of accurate predictions in resource optimization, environmental impact mitigation, and long-term planning.
The paper is devoted to the study of equations with the left-hand side having the form of a composition of operations which belong to given sets S-1,...,S-n,... of quasigroup operations. Elementary transformations are...
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The paper is devoted to the study of equations with the left-hand side having the form of a composition of operations which belong to given sets S-1,...,S-n,... of quasigroup operations. Elementary transformations are described which allow reducing systems of this kind to the form where all equations except one do not depend essentially on the variable x(n). A class of systems is said to be gaussian if every system obtained via such transformations also belongs to this class. It is evident that for gaussian classes of systems of equations there is an efficient solving algorithm. This motivates the problem of finding conditions under which the class is gaussian. In this work it is shown that for a class of systems to be gaussian the operations in the sets S-i. should satisfy the generalized distributivity law. Sets of operations obeying this condition are to be investigated in the future.
We present some new criteria for the feasibility of the interval Cholesky method. In particular, we relate this feasibility to that of the interval gaussian algorithm.
We present some new criteria for the feasibility of the interval Cholesky method. In particular, we relate this feasibility to that of the interval gaussian algorithm.
This paper investigates the main properties of functional operators - transfer operators- due to Ruelle [1] and Mayer [2]. Such operators permit to generate continuants and, at the same time, their spectral properties...
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This paper investigates the main properties of functional operators - transfer operators- due to Ruelle [1] and Mayer [2]. Such operators permit to generate continuants and, at the same time, their spectral properties of the Perron-Frobenius type have implications in the dynamic analysis of the gaussian algorithm.
The aim of this paper is a reduction algorithm for a basis b(1), b(2), b(3) of a 3-dimensional lattice in R-n for fixed n greater than or equal to 3. We give a definition of the reduced basis which is equivalent to th...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540446705
ISBN:
(纸本)3540424881
The aim of this paper is a reduction algorithm for a basis b(1), b(2), b(3) of a 3-dimensional lattice in R-n for fixed n greater than or equal to 3. We give a definition of the reduced basis which is equivalent to that of the Minkowski reduced basis of a 3-dimensional lattice. We prove that for b(1), b(2), b(3) epsilon Z(n), n greater than or equal to 3 and \b(1)\, \b(2)\, \b(3)\ less than or equal to M, our algorithm takes O(log(2) M) binary operations, without using fast integer arithmetic, to reduce this basis and so to find the shortest vector in the lattice. The definition and the algorithm can be extended to any dimension. Elementary steps of our algorithm axe rather different from those of the LLL-algorithm, which works in O(log(3) M) binary operations without using fast integer arithmetic.
The main subject of this paper is the interval gaussian algorithm, which produces an interval vector [x]G analogously to its well-known counterpart in classical numerical analysis. Criteria are derived to guarantee th...
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The main subject of this paper is the interval gaussian algorithm, which produces an interval vector [x]G analogously to its well-known counterpart in classical numerical analysis. Criteria are derived to guarantee the existence of [x]G if the n X n inter-val matrix [A] is degenerate to a point matrix or if its comparison matrix [[A]] is irreducible and diagonally dominant. While in the first case all classical criteria of feasibility apply, the second case yields to a criterion which seems to be new. A way to construct matrices such that [X]G does not exist, although it does for each matrix A is-an-element-of [A], is also indicated.
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