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Understanding Location and Density: A Spatial Analysis of Cuyahoga County Ohio's Nonprofit Sector

NONPROFIT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR QUARTERLY 2024年第2期53卷 462-484页

作者： Mayer, Duncan J. J. Case Western Reserve Univ Jack Joseph & Morton Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci 11235 Bellflower Rd Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Theories of density dependence emphasize the role of competition and legitimation in organizational life. However, agglomerative configurations and ecological processes vary substantially over space, resulting in heterogeneous sub-populations which organizations select into by choosing locations. Using geostatistical data constructed from form-990 submissions and the American Community Survey, this article studies the role of location and density in the operations of nonprofits using generalized additive models. After controlling for organizational and neighborhood features, the results show substantial variation in the effect of location on total and contributed revenue. Nonprofit density is positively associated with the location effects across a range of distances. The results suggest organizations benefit greatly from locating in high-density regions and may be most sensitive to variation in density in their immediate proximity. The study emphasizes location dependence through the importance of location and the intra-county distribution of nonprofits.

关键词： nonprofit density revenue nonprofit location spatial generalized additive model

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Association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive impairment in elderly people: A cross-sectional study

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024年第3期38卷 100233-100233页

作者： Zhang, Kai Han, Yu Gu, Fangming Gu, Zhaoxuan Zhao, Jiayu Chen, Jianguo Chen, Bowen Gao, Min Hou, Zhengyan Yu, Xiaoqi Cai, Tianyi Gao, Yafang Hu, Rui Xie, Jinyu Li, Bo Liu, Tianzhou Jilin Univ Second Hosp Cardiovasc Surg Dept Changchun Peoples R China First Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Ophthalmol Changchun Peoples R China First Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Canc Ctr Changchun Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Sch Clin Med 2 Changchun Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Coll Clin Med 1 Changchun Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Coll Clin Med 3 Changchun Peoples R China Second Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Gastrointestinal Surg Changchun Peoples R China

Background and objectives: The presence of substantial evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive impairment among the elderly remains limited, with inconsistent findings. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the aforementioned relationship, utilizing data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 2255 participants aged >= 60 years from NHANES *** assessment of dietary niacin intake was conducted through two 24-hour dietary recalls, while cognitive function was evaluated using a battery of five tests. Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) was utilized to investigate the association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the primary findings. Results: A total of 2255 old adults were included in this study, of whom 47.9% were male. In the fully adjusted model, we observed a significant inverse association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive decline [as a quartile variable, Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR):0.5 and 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.35 similar to 0.72), p < 0.001;as a continuous variable, per 1 mg/day increment, OR (95%CI):0.97(0.95 similar to 0.98), p < 0.001].The smooth curve fitting results revealed that A linear relationship was found between niacin intake and cognitive impairment in elderly people. The results of the sensitivity analysis remained stable. Conclusions: Dietary niacin intakes might be inversely associated with the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Further research is required to confirm this association. (c) 2024 Sociedad Espanola de Psiquiatr & iacute;a y Salud Mental. Published by Elsevier Espa & ntilde;a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

关键词： Niacin intake Cognition Association generalized additive model Subgroup analysis

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A spatial statistical approach to estimate bus stop demand using GIS-processed data

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JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY 2024年 118卷

作者： Montero-Lamas, Yaiza Fernandez-Casal, Ruben Varela-Garcia, Francisco-Alberto Orro, Alfonso Novales, Margarita Univ A Coruna ETS Ingn Caminos Canales & Puertos Grp Railways & Transportat Engn Campus Elvina La Coruna 15071 Spain Univ A Coruna Dept Matemat CITIC Fac Informat Campus Elvina S-N La Coruna 15071 Spain Univ A Coruna Grp Visualizac Avanzada & Cartog CartoLAB Dept Ingn CivilETS Ingn Caminos Canales & Puertos La Coruna Spain

This study integrates the fields of geography, urban transit planning, and statistical learning to develop a sophisticated methodology for predicting bus demand at the stop level. It uses a generalized additive model that captures non-linear relationships and incorporates spatial dependence, improving traditional methods. It showcases a high predictive capacity with a pseudo R -squared of 0.79 during its validation, ensuring substantial explanatory power for new observations. A large number of variables, including land -use characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and transit supply, are analysed. These widely available predictors facilitate the transferability of the methodology to other urban areas. Transit supply predictor considers the number of annual trips per stop and area as well as the location of stops along the lines that serve them. GIS processing of the data allows the calculation of variables within the areas of influence of each stop, obtained by following the walkable street network. For the case study, the presence of universities, hospitals, and lodgings areas, as well as inhabitants and ratio of bus trips show a positive impact on bus demand. This geo-analysis process employs accurate disaggregated data, such as information on uses in each building, as well as methods for assigning socioeconomic information from local areas to residential buildings. This study highlights the complex relationship between the location of transit network stops, both along the bus line and in terms of geographical proximity, their transit supply, and its surrounding factors. The results indicate that there is spatial dependence for stops less than 1.15 km apart. The developed methodology provides reliable information to transit network planners for decision making. Specifically, this proposed methodology can contribute to designing new routes, optimizing stop locations, and estimating the impact of changes in the transit network or urban planning on bus demand. All the

关键词： Geospatial analysis Spatial dependence GIS generalized additive model Bus stop demand estimation Transit planning

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Economic Development, Inequality and Dynamics of Social Movements in the United States: Theory and Quantitative Analysis

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JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE ECONOMICS 2024年第2期22卷 421-474页

作者： Karavardanyan, Sargis Univ Calif Irvine Dept Publ Choice Polit Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Inst Math Behav Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA

How have social movements in the United States been impacted by simultaneously evolving economic realities such as episodes of development and inequality across time? This paper empirically examines how the structural forces of the economy such as growth (income per-capita) and decline (income inequality) interact with the regional characteristics to derive patterns of social movements in United States from 1960 to 1995. I suggest that-unlike the arguments found in popular social movement theories such as relative deprivation and economic grievances that the society will express resentment against lack of financial resources through protesting and riots-there will be less collective action formations during heightened inequality even when there is growth in per-capita income. This paper provides novel application of methodological approaches in social movement studies such as the generalized additive models with smoothing functions and Synthetic Control Method to extract micro-level inferences on the relationship between economic factors and social movement formations. I gauge the implications of the main argument with a new dataset that is a composition of aggregated levels of social movements per-capita, real per-capita personal income, income inequality index, labor unemployment laws, social policy liberalization index and equal pay laws among other variables. The empirical exercises reveal that when accounting for the full range of socio-economic variables with fixed effects and instrumental variables, the dual impact of economic growth and decline on social movements is non-linear and U-shaped in the US states across time.

关键词： Economic development Growth Crises United States Social movements Synthetic control method generalized additive model Panel data analysis C01 D7 F30 G01 O1 P26

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The nonlinear association between HbA1c and cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol use disorder

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JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES 2024年第1期42卷 5-13页

作者： Deng, Mengling Wang, Guomin Gao, Xiaofeng Wang, Yan Ni, Yanfei Chen, Yunyu Xu, Jiating Jiang, Weifeng Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ Grad Sch Hangzhou Peoples R China Third Hosp Quzhou Dept Psychiat Quzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ Coll Basic Med Sci Hangzhou 310053 Peoples R China

Background: Extensive research has indicated that higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are associated with poor cognitive performance regardless of the presence of diabetes. To our knowledge, the association between HbA1c levels and cognitive decline in patients with alcohol use disorder is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether HbA1c was associated with cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol use disorder. Methods: Patients admitted to the Psychiatry Department of the Third Hospital of Quzhou with a confirmed diagnosis of alcohol-related cognitive impairment were recruited between January 2019 and February 2022. Their HbA1c levels were measured, and they completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) after at least one week of monitored abstinence from alcohol. Univariate linear regression, multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to investigate the association of HbA1c with MMSE and MoCA scores. Results: In total, 227 patients were included. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggested that HbA1c was negatively associated with MMSE and MoCA scores after adjustment for potential confounders (P < 0.05). The GAM analysis revealed that the relationships between the HbA1c level and the MMSE and MoCA scores were bell-shaped. The inflection points were 5.3% and 5.2% for the MMSE and MoCA respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that HbA1c levels are significantly related to cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol use disorder. Future studies are required to determine the effects of optimal glucose control in people with alcohol use disorder.

关键词： Alcohol use disorder cognitive impairment glycated hemoglobin generalized additive model

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Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang, China: a time-series analysis

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022年第11期29卷 15999-16005页

作者： Chao, Ling Sun, Yajun An, Zhen Li, Juan Wu, Weidong Liu, Yue Song, Jie Xinxiang Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Henan Int Collaborat Lab Air Pollut Hlth Effects Xinxiang 453003 Henan Peoples R China Third Peoples Hosp Zhuhai Zhuhai Ctr Chron Dis Control Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Inst Environm Hlth Beijing 100021 Peoples R China

Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain inconclusive. This study aimed to understand the short-term effects of ambient temperature in outpatients with dermatitis in Xinxiang. Routine data of dermatitis outpatient visits between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018 were acquired from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) in combination with a generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the acute impact of ambient temperature on dermatitis outpatients. Two stratified analyses based on age and sex were conducted to explore their potential modification effects. A total of 18,064 dermatitis outpatient records were retrieved during the study period. The relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis outpatients was found to be nonlinear;exposure-response curves were approximately "J" shaped. The risk of dermatitis outpatient increased with a corresponding elevation in temperature from 11.5 to 27.5 degrees C. However, the significance was lost when the temperature exceeded the given range. Stratified analysis demonstrated higher sensitivity to temperature in females than in males, and the young groups (<15 years) might be sensitive to heat temperature. This study provides first-hand epidemiological evidence demonstrating a higher risk of dermatitis outpatient visits associated with moderately higher temperatures. The outcomes of this study create awareness among citizens to take the necessary precautions to prevent the adverse effects of moderate heat temperature during early summer and autumn seasons.

关键词： Temperature Dermatitis Distributed lag nonlinear model generalized additive model Lag effects

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generalized additive models with flexible response functions

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STATISTICS AND COMPUTING 2019年第1期29卷 123-138页

作者： Spiegel, Elmar Kneib, Thomas Otto-Sobotka, Fabian Univ Goettingen Gottingen Germany Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

Common generalized linear models depend on several assumptions: (i) the specified linear predictor, (ii) the chosen response distribution that determines the likelihood and (iii) the response function that maps the linear predictor to the conditional expectation of the response. generalized additive models (GAM) provide a convenient way to overcome the restriction to purely linear predictors. Therefore, the covariates may be included as flexible nonlinear or spatial functions to avoid potential bias arising from misspecification. Single index models, on the other hand, utilize flexible specifications of the response function and therefore avoid the deteriorating impact of a misspecified response function. However, such single index models are usually restricted to a linear predictor and aim to compensate for potential nonlinear structures only via the estimated response function. We will show that this is insufficient in many cases and present a solution by combining a flexible approach for response function estimation using monotonic P-splines with additive predictors as in GAMs. Our approach is based on maximum likelihood estimation and also allows us to provide confidence intervals of the estimated effects. To compare our approach with existing ones, we conduct extensive simulation studies and apply our approach on two empirical examples, namely the mortality rate in SAo Paulo due to respiratory diseases based on the Poisson distribution and credit scoring of a German bank with binary responses.

关键词： Flexible response function generalized additive model Monotonic P-spline Single index model

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Association between serum chloride and in-hospital mortality in congestive heart failure with diabetes: Data from the MIMIC-IV database

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JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 2024年第1期23卷 859-870页

作者： Zhang, Kai Han, Yu Gu, Fangming Gu, Zhaoxuan Zhao, JiaYu Chen, Jianguo Chen, Bowen Gao, Min Hou, Zhengyan Yu, Xiaoqi Cai, Tianyi Gao, Yafang Hu, Rui Xie, Jinyu Liu, Tianzhou Liu, Kexiang Second Hosp Jilin Univ Cardiovasc Surg Dept 218 Ziqiang St Changchun Jilin Peoples R China First Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Ophthalmol Changchun Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Clin Med Coll 2 Changchun Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Coll Clin Med 1 Changchun Peoples R China First Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Canc Ctr Changchun Peoples R China Jilin Univ Bethune Coll Clin Med 3 Changchun Peoples R China Second Hosp Jilin Univ Dept Gastrointestinal Surg Changchun Peoples R China

BackgroundCongestive heart failure (CHF) demonstrates a heightened prevalence in individuals with diabetes mellitus within Intensive Care Units. The occurrence of abnormal chloride levels is frequently observed in critically ill patients, yet its clinical significance remains subject to debate. This study endeavors to explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and in-hospital mortality among patients affected by both congestive heart failure and *** retrospective cohort study was conducted, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database, focusing on adult patients in the United States. The impact of serum chloride levels upon ICU admission on in-hospital mortality was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models, generalized additive models and subgroup *** study encompassed 7,063 patients with coexisting diabetes and congestive heart failure. The fully adjusted model revealed an inverse association between serum chloride levels and in-hospital mortality. As a tertile variable (Q3 vs Q1), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.54-0.98 (p = 0.039). As a continuous variable, per 1 mmol/L increment, the OR (95% CI) was 0.97 (0.96-0.99, p = 0.01). The relationship between serum chloride and in-hospital mortality demonstrated linearity (non-linear p = 0.958). Stratified analyses further validated the robustness of this *** chloride levels exhibited a negative association with in-hospital mortality in patients with both congestive heart failure and diabetes. Nevertheless, prospective, randomized, controlled studies are warranted to corroborate and validate the findings presented in this investigation.

关键词： Blood chloride Congestive heart failure Diabetes generalized additive model In-hospital mortality

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Real Estate Insights: The impact of amenities on residential rents - exploring the urban rent premium in Berlin's vibrant community hubs

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JOURNAL OF PROPERTY INVESTMENT & FINANCE 2025年第1期43卷 111-115页

作者： Cajias, Marcelo Wins, Anett Restle, Rebecca PATRIZIASE Dept Investment Strategy & Res Pimasens Germany

PurposeIntegrating amenity scoring into real estate investment strategies represents an innovative approach. The case study focuses on the impact of amenities on residential rents, with Berlin serving as an example of a tight rental market and a dynamic city. The scoring and modeling approach offers a scalable framework for identifying high-potential investment ***/methodology/approachThe PATRIZIA Amenities Basic-Living-Need Scores (c) (BLNs) were developed to measure a location's attractiveness based on the availability and quality of amenities. An AI-driven scoring algorithm takes the quality and quantity of all available amenities into account. The higher the scores, the better and more diversified is a location supplied with amenities for residential living. A generalized additive model is fitted to assess the strength and direction of impact of the BLNs on residential rents while controlling for other factors such as property and locational *** results indicate that amenities are a fundamental determinant of rental values and tenant satisfaction, providing investors with actionable insights to maximize returns in competitive urban markets. Focusing on areas with high BLN scores can lead to better investment outcomes due to higher rental premiums associated with these locations. The study also highlights the need to run a detailed location analysis to avoid the pitfall of amenities *** implicationsThe results indicate that amenities are a fundamental determinant of rental values and tenant satisfaction, providing investors with actionable insights to maximize returns in competitive urban markets. By identifying and accounting for regional peculiarities, investors can make data-driven decisions that align with local tenant preferences and market ***/valueThe PATRIZIA Amenities Basic-Living-Need Scores (c) are calculated via an AI-driven, scalable algorithm and were developed to measure a

关键词： Berlin Residential real estate Amenities pricing Basic-living-needs generalized additive model Urban rent premium

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The effects of factor generalization scales on the reproduction of dynamic urban growth

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第3期25卷 457-475页

作者： Yongjiu Feng Peiqi Wu Xiaohua Tong Pengshuo Li Rong Wang Yilun Zhou Jiafeng Wang Jinyu Zhao College of Surveying&Geo-Informatics Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Mapping and Remote Sensing for Planetary Exploration Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

The production and selection of driving factors are essential to building a strong Cellular Automata(CA)model of dynamic urban growth simulation.A critical issue that should be addressed is how the spatial representation and the generalization scale of driving factors affect the CA modeling and the simulation *** is challenging to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected driving factors because they have no true *** explore the impacts of the generalization scales,we produced nine sets of driving factors at nine scales to calibrate the CA models based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(CAPSO)and applied them to simulate urban growth of Suzhou during *** results show that the driving factors at a smaller scale have much better performance in explaining urban growth simulations as inferred by the Explained Residual Deviance(ERD)of the generalized additive models(GAMs).Specifically,the ERD declined from 51.9%to 45.9%as the factor scale became larger during 2000-2020,but there was a peak value(52.2%)at *** all simulations during 2000-2020,the CAPSO models with larger-scale factors have slightly lower overall accuracy and Figure-of-Merit(FOM),which respectively decreased by 3.1%and 4.4%as compared to the CA models with scale-free *** concluded that the driving factors at a smaller scale(200~400 m for point-like facilities and 7~14 m for line-like facilities)can build more accurate CA models to simulate urban growth patterns,and the optimal scale for factors can be identified using the *** study contributes to the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of driving factor production and reveals the impacts of spatial representation of factors on the CA modeling and simulation considering the factor generalization scales.

关键词： Cellular automata urban growth driving factors scale effects generalized additive model

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